The Impact Of Narrative To Literary Journalism As Seen Through John Hersey’s Hiroshima

  

Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University

of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

   Head, Secretary, Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, MS Dr. Dra. Nurlela, M.Hum NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP 19590419 198102 2 001

  

Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for

the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of

Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

  

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara on February 14th 2013.

  Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001 Board of Examiners ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………………

  

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, SANDRA CATTELYA, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF

THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF

THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED

ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A

THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER

DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT

DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS

THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

  SIGNED : DATE : February 14th 2013

  COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : SANDRA CATTELYA TITLE OF THESIS : THE IMPACT OF NARRATIVE TO LITERARY JOURNALISM AS SEEN THROUGH JOHN HERSEY’S HIROSHIMA QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

  

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR

REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. SIGNED : DATE : February 14th 2013

  “All my life I’ve had one dream, to achieve my many goals.” –Homer Simpson

  

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

  Since it seems that this is the only page where I can say anything I want without going all formal and boring, I am not going to waste my chance. Sure I will keep it decent and cuss-free.

  Thank Lord! I was able to finish my thesis. The road to finally be in this state, the state where I can actually relax and not losing my hair because stressing out, was rather bumpy and painfully slow. It was all God’s guidance and blessing so I could finish this thesis. Thank goodness! I am grateful that I learn to trust in Him.

  I love my family. God knows I love them until death. I may not able to see the glimmering proud in my Mama’s eyes, but I know she would. She had been the greatest Mama for me. She made me the way I am now, and I could not be more honored to dedicate this modest thesis to her. I also thank God for giving me my Papa. His patience and understanding for my slacking-mode during the making of this thesis are just plain awesome. You are the most awesome, Pa! You support and trust me, and that has been my source of energy since I could remember. And finally, I must send bear hugs and thousand kisses to my only sibling, Leon Adelbert Kendrick. I am still amused with our rare communication. But, each time we texted, usually at midnight or even dawn, it never came as a dull conversation. And you never forget to remind me to graduate quickly and look for a job so I can pay for your living cost. What a brother.

  The next gratitude I want to throw is for Johan Christian Tobing. Somehow, he manages to be my best friend for these… three years? I know I had been silly and unstable for most of the time and yet you still stick around and care to help me out. You have been my strength and my shoulder-to-cry-on. I cannot list whatever generosity you had given me because that will waste too many papers. But notice this, I am highly grateful to have you as my best friend. Whatever will happen between us, I hope we can still acknowledge each other, at the very least, as a friend.

  And I also want to throw a bunch of hugs and kisses to my girlfriends! I will state your names alphabetically so we can prevent any silly jealousy, because we know we are that silly, girls! Can I add smiley emoticon? Probably I should not. So, you know your names, Arianna Silaban, Ayu Sugianto, Dewi Meliala, Faiza Balqis, Juliatma Pamela Silitonga, Marshinta Veronika Napitupulu, Rina Sari Nainggolan, Siti Utami Firdausy, Yosi Maulana Sitorus, and Yuliza Sembiring. We had great moments and done crazy things like normal crazy people we actually are. And for all my classmates in batch 2008, you all had colored my college life. Whether I actually befriended you or not, whether we talked a lot or never talk at all, whether you are secularist or pluralist, whether you are hedonist or ascetic, whether you are apathetic or concerned, whether you are backstabber or sincere, whether you even know my name or not, I sincerely thank you all for the experiences we had together.

  I learned English literature in campus but I practiced journalistic in daily basis. For these three and a half years, I am devoted to Pers Mahasiswa SUARA USU. This place made me realize the importance of journalistic so I made this thesis according to my passion for that. Applied to SUARA USU in that cloudy afternoon in August 2009 has been one of the best choices I have ever made in my life! No kidding. It may seem I exaggerate it, but I understand if people outside SUARA USU cannot comprehend this easily. This is the place where I actually grew up, where I learned to be tough, confident, sincere, brave, responsible, rational, fair, and I learned to be stubborn too. Because we know we do not back down easily, we struggle hard. I thank God for giving me this path, the path where I can meet these whole amazing guys in SUARA USU. You are my brothers and sisters from another mothers and fathers. I cannot put names in here because I seriously thank all of you, each person who ever be involved in working at SUARA USU. Keep going, guys.

  And for the lecturers and staffs and officials, I am not going to thank you for you doing your job helping me to graduate, that is your job after all. I sincerely thank Mr. Mahmud Arief Albar for his time and patience for me during the making of this thesis. You actually listened and gave me great advices. I know it was not your proportion, but I am glad you helped me anyway. For Mr. Siamir Marulafau, thank you for always been there and encouraged me to finish this thesis as quick as possible, you have incredible spirit and I appreciate it so much. I would also like to thank Mr. Yulianus Harefa because, somehow, you still acknowledge me whenever we met and always gave warm smile and positive energy. I was glad having you as my academic supervisor. Last, I would like to acknowledge the late Mr. Perdamen Perangin-angin. He had been a great lecturer, had been kind and friendly all the time I knew him. He was one idealist lecturer that I knew and I honored him more than he ever knew. God bless his soul. And thank you very much for Bang Am! You surely are a way cooler administration dude than the one worked before you.

  As typical as it is, there are still many people I want to thank to for helping me in the process of the making of this thesis, but sadly I cannot mention all of them.

  So I just thank God for giving me all of them and I will beg Him to bless you all.

  Medan, February 2013 The Writer,

  Sandra Cattelya Reg. Number 080705022

  

ABSTRACT

  Sastra lekat dengan imajinasi sedangkan jurnalisme menyucikan fakta. Dua bidang ilmu yang bertolak belakang ini ternyata bukan tidak mungkin bisa berjalan beriringan. Pada 1973, seorang jurnalis sekaligus novelis dari Amerika, Tom Wolfe, menerbitkan buku The New Journalism, sebuah aliran jurnalisme baru yang termasuk di dalamnya adalah jurnalisme sastrawi. Jurnalisme sastrawi mengadopsi penulisan sastra, yaitu narasi, dalam penyampaian laporannya. Hasilnya tetap menjunjung tinggi fakta, tapi estetika penyampaian ceritanya juga menjadi senjata utama. Ada karakter, dialog, emosi, detail yang tidak ditemukan pada laporan jurnalisme konvensional. Terdapat empat pengaruh dari penggunaan narasi pada jurnalisme sastrawi seperti dilihat dari Hiroshima karya John Hersey. Pertama, narasi membuat laporan jurnalistik menjadi seperti novel. Kedua, narasi membuat laporan jurnalistik menjadi lebih panjang daripada laporan jurnalistik biasanya. Ketiga, narasi dapat mengelaborasi kepribadian karakternya. Keempat, narasi menajamkan emosi.

  Penelitian ini memakai teori narasi dari Gorys Keraf dan memakai metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Untuk membuktikan bahwa Hiroshima karya John Hersey ini adalah juga sebuah karya narasi, selain karya jurnalistik, pertama dipaparkan dahulu unsur-unsur narasi yang ada di dalamnya. Kemudian, dipaparkan pengaruh gaya penulisan narasi terhadap jurnalisme sastrawi sesuai analisis dari penulis. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan menjadi bahan bacaan informatif dan inspiratif, baik bagi pembaca dari kalangan sastrawan, jurnalis, maupun mahasiswa.

  Kata kunci: Sastra, Jurnalistik, Narasi

  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS

  CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

  1.1 Background of The Study

  1.2 Problems of The Study

  1.3 Objectives of The Study

  1.4 Scope of The Study

  1.5 Significances of The Study

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

  2.1 Narrative

  2.1.1 Plot

  2.1.2 Action

  2.1.2.1 Motivation

  2.1.2.2 Causality

  2.1.3 Character

  2.1.4 Setting

  2.1.5 Point of View

  2.2 Literary Journalism

  2.3 Review of Related Literature

CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH

  3.1 Research Design

  3.2 Data Collection

  3.3 Data Analysis

CHAPTER IV THE IMPACT OF NARRATIVE TO LITERARY JOURNALISM AS SEEN THROUGH JOHN HERSEY’S HIROSHIMA

  4.1 Narrative in John Hersey’s Hiroshima

  4.1.1 Plot

  4.1.2 Action

  4.1.2.1 Motivation

  4.1.2.2 Causality

  4.1.3 Character

  4.1.3.1 Dr. Masakazu Fujii

  4.1.3.2 Dr. Terufumi Sasaki

  4.1.3.3 Father Wilhelm Kleinsorge (Father Makoto Takakura)

  4.1.3.4 Miss Toshiko Sasaki (Sister Dominique Sasaki)

  4.1.3.5 Mrs. Hatsuyo Nakamura

  4.1.3.6 The Reverend Mr. Kiyoshi Tanimoto

  4.1.4 Setting

  4.1.5 Point of View

  4.2 The Impact of Narrative to Literary Journalism as Seen through John Hersey’s Hiroshima

  4.2.1 Narrative Makes the Story is Like a Novel

  4.2.1.1 Characters

  4.2.1.2 Plot

  4.2.1.3 Structure

  4.2.1.4 Setting

  4.2.1.5 Theme

  4.2.1.6 Dialogue

  4.2.1.7 Narrator

  4.2.1.8 Image

  4.2.2 Narrative Makes The Story Longer

  4.2.3 Narrative Elaborates The Character’s Personality

  4.2.3.1 Dr. Masakazu Fujii

  4.2.3.2 Dr. Terufumi Sasaki

  4.2.3.3 Father Wilhelm Kleinsorge (Father Makoto Takakura)

  4.2.3.4 Miss Toshiko Sasaki (Sister Dominique Sasaki)

  4.2.3.5 Mrs. Hatsuyo Nakamura

  4.2.3.6 The Reverend Mr. Kiyoshi Tanimoto

  4.2.4 Narative Sharpens Emotion

  CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

  5.1 Conclusion

  5.2 Suggestion

  REFERENCES APPENDICES i. John Hersey’s Biography and His Works ii. Summary of John Hersey’s Hiroshima