04 Mitsutaku Makino 171005Jakarta WS (SHUN Project)

Ecosystem-based fisheries management for the
Asia-Pacific
Introduction of the SH”U”N Project
(Sustainable, Healthy and “Umai” Nippon seafood)
A science outreach to fisheries sector and consumers
 Science outreach project by our Agency
 Facilitating ecosystem-based fisheries and responsible
consumptions in Japan
Makino M
Japan Fisheries Research & Education Agency (FRA)

Global Pattern of Marine Biodiversity

Ocean Data Viewer (http://data.unep-wcmc.org/)

Industrial Structure of Fisheries (FAO 1999)
Country

# of Fishers

# of Vessels

SSF ratio

Iceland

6,300

826

0.63

Norway

22,916

8,664

0.89

Denmark

4,792

4,285

0.86

UK

19,044

9,562

0.82

France

26,113

6,586

0.78

Canada

84,775

18,280

0.74

NZ

2,227

1,375

0.74

Spain

75,434

15,243

0.76

USA

C.A. 290,000

27,200

0.53

Korea

180,649

50,398

0.9

Japan

278,200

219,466

0.98

AU

13,500

C.A. 5,000

N.A.

SSF < ISCFV 25 (the International Statistic Classification of fishery Vessels)

Fishing ports and villages in Japan

There are 2866 Fishing
Ports (FY2016), 6298
Fishing Villages (FY2013)
along the coast line.
(c.f., the normal port is less
than 1000)

Redrawn from Marine Cadastre (http://www.kaiyoudaichou.go.jp/KaiyowebGIS/)

Necessity of Co-Management in Japan
A lot of Small Scale Fisheries (SSF) are catching
high diversity of species and landing at various
ports along the coastline.

Top-down, command-and-control types of
measures are difficult to implement.

Co-Management with local fishers is the realistic
solution. So, scientific information to facilitate comanagement is important.
(All the Asia-Pacific countries are the same)

 In order to promote the ecosystem-based fisheries in Japan,
Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA) started the
science outreach project.
 It is not for the Top-down, Command-and-Control
approach. But for facilitation of the co-management. (i.e.,
sharing the management responsibility and authority with
local fishers).
 Named SH“U”N Project. SHUN stands for Sustainable,
Healthy and “Umai (tasty)” Nippon (Japanese) seafood. At
the same time, “shun” literally means “the best season for
eating” in Japanese.

The concept of “sustainability” in SH“U”N project

 Fish are born and grow up in the sea and caught by fishers, then
processed and distributed on land, and finally eaten as seafood:

“fisheries social-ecological systems”.
 The thick, robust and smooth interactions within fisheries socialecological systems are important for sustainable fisheries.

Evaluation Scheme (social and ecological)

Evaluation reports (sorry, still Japanese only)

 In the report, you can see all the assessment, data,
data sources, and evaluation scores (from 1 to 5).
 You can download the report from the project
webpage (http://sh-u-n.fra.go.jp/)

For the moment, we have finished 4 stocks
 Chub mackerel (Pacific stock), Japanese Sardine (Pacific
stock), Japanese Jack Mackerel (Pacific Stock) and
Small-scale sillago (Ohita stock)

 50 more species will be assessed until the Tokyo Olympic
Game in 2020.
 All the processes and results are open to the public

comments, and peer reviewed by the External Review
Committee composed of academics, consumers, fishers
org., private company, Env. NGOs (WWF), etc.

Project web page (English version is available)

Project web page (English version is available)

Smartphone platform for consumers

Conclusion
 In order to facilitate the ecosystem-based fisheries in the
Asia Pacific region, co-management approach is important
(not the Top-Down, Command-and-Control approach)
 We hope the scientific information by the SH“U”N project
will be utilized by local fishers and their organizations to
assess/improve their own management measures.
 Also, using this information, they can easily apply to the
fisheries eco-labels such as MEL-Japan, MSC, etc.

 By the Tokyo Olympic, 50 more species will be added.

Thank you very much

The concept of the “resources” in SH“U”N project

Zimmermann (1933) said “Resources are highly dynamic
functional concepts; they are not, they become, they evolve out
of the triune interaction of nature, man, and culture…”
(World Resources and Industries)

FISHWATCH program is a model

Fisheries Communications Office, NOAA (http://www.fishwatch.gov/)

Sardine

Chub mackerel

Stock

3.7

Stock

4.6

Ecosystem

3.6

Ecosystem

3.5

Management

4.6

Management

4.7

Community

4.1

Community

3.8

Jack mackerel

Small-scale sillago

Stock

4.2

Stock

1.6

Ecosystem

3.5

Ecosystem

3.6

Management

4.7

Management

1.5

Community

4.0

Community

3.5

Example of chub mackerel (Pacific stock)

SHUN ロ

評価対象種
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標準和名

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SHUN ロ

2016.10.07

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緊急な保
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合
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評価対象種
安定供給
ー

標準和名

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2016.10.07
消費普 漁獲量 地域食文 社会的
遍性 の多寡 化と伝統
関心

1
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緊急な保
護必要

合
計

2
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Fisheries eco-labels in Japan
Fisheries section of supermarkets
 Several packages with MSC or ASC logo
 Items with these logos have been increased in
number.

 Consumers don't know the meaning of the logo.

These eco-label systems
 are based on "Top-down, command-and-control
types of management" philosophy.
 don't fit well with Japanese Fisheries in some case.
 can not fully evaluate co-management of SSF.

Outreach program for evaluating the
sustainability of fisheries products in Japan

Sustainable Development Goals

Goal 14: Conserve and
sustainably use the oceans,
seas and marine resources