Wiley Building Web Sites All In One Desk Reference For Dummies Jan 2007 ISBN 0470009942 pdf

  

by Doug Sahlin and Claudia Snell

Building Web Sites

  

A L L - I N - O N E D E S K R E F E R E N C E

FOR

  

DUMmIES

  

by Doug Sahlin and Claudia Snell

Building Web Sites

  

A L L - I N - O N E D E S K R E F E R E N C E

FOR

  

DUMmIES

  ® Building Web Sites All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc.

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  About the Authors Doug Sahlin is an author, photographer, and Web designer living in central

  Florida. His clients include attorneys, authors, artists, doctors, and musi- cians. He has written and coauthored over 16 books on office applications, Web design applications, and digital photography. His books have been trans- lated into five foreign languages. When he’s not busy writing, photographing clients, or designing Web sites, he enjoys playing the guitar and dabbling in watercolor painting.

  

Claudia Snell is a new media designer based in Worcester, MA. She currently

  works as an online producer at the Worcester Telegram & Gazette, where she works with Web and multimedia design and video for Web. Previously, she has worked in an agency, as a freelance new media designer, and as a con- tract Web/multimedia designer in large corporate environments. She has been a guest speaker at the Boston Macromedia User Group, Society of Professional Communicators, Worcester Computer Society, and on the WPI Venture Forum radio show. She founded and managed the Worcester Macromedia User Group and was a frequent presenter. She has written for Macromedia The Edge and for FlashGoddess.com.

  Dedication From Doug: Dedicated to the memory of Barry Murphy: songwriter, musi- cian, friend, and world-class human being. From Claudia: This book is dedicated to my family: my husband, Jason Snell, and my kids, Sarah and Damon Bousquet.

  Authors’ Acknowledgments From Doug: Thanks to Steve Hayes for making this project possible. Kudos

  to project editor Nicole Sholly for her sense of humor and dedication to the task at hand. Thanks to the fastidious Heidi Unger — who must be related to Felix — for rendering squeaky clean text and providing insightful questions. Special thanks to fellow authors Bonnie Blake, Joyce Evans, and Ken Milburn for their friendship and inspiration. Thanks to literary agent extraordinaire, Margot Maley Hutchison, who shall go forward in time with the nickname Ollie. As always, thanks to my friends, mentors, and relatives, especially you Karen and Ted.

  From Claudia: I would like to acknowledge the great support I have gotten

  from the faculty at Assumption College and most especially: Dr. Robert Fry, Scott Glushien, Brian Bercier, and Dr. Rockie Blunt. Their support and guid- ance has made it possible for me to pursue my career.

  I would also like to acknowledge the Macromedia User Group program, the team at Macromedia, Ed Sullivan, and Amy Brooks, and all the managers. Participating in the User Group program gave me tremendous opportunities to learn. The user group managers are a fantastic resource. I always appreci- ated their thoughts and advice on Web design and development. I’d also like to acknowledge the people at Wiley publishing, including Steve Hayes and Nicole Sholly who patiently guided me through this project. Thanks also to the team of editors, reviewers, and production staff who have worked hard to make this book better. And finally, a special thanks to my coauthor, Doug Sahlin.

  Publisher’s Acknowledgments

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  Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following: Acquisitions, Editorial, and Media Development

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  Project Coordinator: Jennifer Theriot Layout and Graphics: Claudia Bell, Lavonne Cook, Denny Hager, Stephanie D. Jumper, Heather Ryan, Ronald Terry

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  Richard Swadley, Vice President and Executive Group Publisher Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher Mary Bednarek, Executive Acquisitions Director Mary C. Corder, Editorial Director

  Publishing for Consumer Dummies Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher Joyce Pepple, Acquisitions Director

  Composition Services Gerry Fahey, Vice President of Production Services Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services

  Contents at a Glance

Introduction .................................................................1

Book I: Preparations .....................................................7

  Chapter 1: Planning a Web Project...................................................................................9 Chapter 2: Build a Web Team or Go It Alone.................................................................23 Chapter 3: Developing the Content................................................................................37 Chapter 4: Creating Relevant Site Content....................................................................43 Book II: Site Design ....................................................55 Chapter 1: Conceptualizing Your Site ............................................................................57 Chapter 2: Creating Effective Layouts ...........................................................................71 Chapter 3: Organizing Your Content ..............................................................................91 Chapter 4: Ensuring Visual Appeal...............................................................................101 Book III: Site Construction ........................................121 Chapter 1: Pulling Together Tools and Materials.......................................................123 Chapter 2: Making a Web Page with HTML .................................................................143 Chapter 3: Creating a Web Page Layout with HTML and CSS ...................................159 Chapter 4: Introducing Web and Graphics Software..................................................179 Chapter 5: Getting Started with Dreamweaver...........................................................203 Chapter 6: Using Dreamweaver: Advanced Techniques............................................231 Chapter 7: Creating a Web Page from a Photoshop File ............................................255 Chapter 8: Meeting HTML’s Powerful Friends ............................................................275 Chapter 9: Web Site Usability and Accessibility.........................................................291 Chapter 10: Publishing the Web Site ............................................................................303 Book IV: Web Graphics .............................................317 Chapter 1: Finding Inspiration ......................................................................................319 Chapter 2: Bringing Your Vision to Life .......................................................................333 Chapter 3: Workhorse Graphics ...................................................................................351 Chapter 4: Creating Compelling Graphics...................................................................373

  

Book V: Multimedia ..................................................399

  Chapter 1: Incorporating Flash Creations ...................................................................401 Chapter 2: Using Sound .................................................................................................431 Chapter 3: Using Web Video..........................................................................................445 Chapter 4: Slideshow Pro ..............................................................................................465 Book VI: Audience Interaction ...................................479 Chapter 1: Adding Basic Interactivity with HTML Forms and JavaScript...............481 Chapter 2: An Introduction to ASP ...............................................................................505 Chapter 3: Introduction to PHP ....................................................................................527 Chapter 4: MySQL and PHP...........................................................................................539 Chapter 5: Additional Site Interactivity .......................................................................551 Book VII: E-Commerce...............................................569 Chapter 1: An E-Commerce Primer ..............................................................................571 Chapter 2: Building an E-Commerce Site.....................................................................591 Chapter 3: Maintaining an E-Commerce Site...............................................................615 Book VIII: Site Management......................................633 Chapter 1: Helping a Site Succeed................................................................................635 Chapter 2: Maintaining a Web Site ...............................................................................653 Chapter 3: Expanding a Site ..........................................................................................681 Book IX: Case Studies ...............................................693 Chapter 1: Personal Web Sites ......................................................................................695 Chapter 2: Blog Site........................................................................................................703 Chapter 3: Online Newsletter........................................................................................719 Chapter 4: Photographer/Portfolio Site.......................................................................727 Index .......................................................................739

  Table of Contents

Introduction..................................................................1

  About This Book...............................................................................................1 Foolish Assumptions .......................................................................................2 Conventions Used in This Book .....................................................................2 What You Don’t Have to Read ........................................................................3 How This Book Is Organized...........................................................................3

  Book I: Preparations...............................................................................3 Book II: Site Design.................................................................................3 Book III: Site Construction.....................................................................3 Book IV: Web Graphics ..........................................................................4 Book V: Multimedia ................................................................................4 Book VI: Audience Interaction ..............................................................4 Book VII: E-Commerce............................................................................4 Book VIII: Site Management...................................................................4 Book IX: Case Studies.............................................................................5

  Icons Used in This Book..................................................................................5 Where to Go from Here....................................................................................5

  

Book I: Preparations......................................................7

  Chapter 1: Planning a Web Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Defining the Audience .....................................................................................9 Internal stakeholders ...........................................................................10 External audience.................................................................................10 Setting Goals ...................................................................................................12 Creating a Scope Document..........................................................................13 Preparing to Get Started ...............................................................................13 Defining why you’re doing the project ..............................................14 Brainstorming and evaluating your ideas .........................................14 Looking at budget and timelines ........................................................14 Considering collaborations.................................................................15 Selling the Idea ...............................................................................................15 Holding a Kick-Off Meeting ...........................................................................16 Revising Your Original Plans — Using Feedback to Improve ...................16 Receiving feedback ..............................................................................17 Giving feedback ....................................................................................18 Preparing to Redesign an Existing Site........................................................20

  Building Web Sites All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies x

  Chapter 2: Build a Web Team or Go It Alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Flying Solo: Skills You Need to Go It Alone .................................................23 Managing the project ...........................................................................23 Serving your customer ........................................................................24 Dealing with HTML, CSS, and other scripting...................................25 Using Photoshop, Fireworks, and other graphics

  applications .......................................................................................26 Developing content ..............................................................................28 Considering basic computer and Internet skills ..............................28 Incorporating multimedia in your project ........................................28 Handling a solo project........................................................................29

  Hiring Members of the Team ........................................................................29 Project manager....................................................................................30 Web designer/new media designer ....................................................30 Web developer/programmer...............................................................31 Content developer/writer....................................................................31 Webmaster/host ...................................................................................32 Other professional help.......................................................................32 Managing the team ...............................................................................32

  Handing Off a Project to a Client..................................................................34

  Chapter 3: Developing the Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Knowing What to Put on Your Site...............................................................37 Finding out what your client’s visitors need ....................................38 Finding out what your client needs from site visitors.....................40 Reconciling the content with the goals .............................................41 Keeping It Fresh: An Ongoing Process ........................................................42 Assigning content development tasks...............................................42 Keeping the graphics fresh .................................................................42 Chapter 4: Creating Relevant Site Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Portraying Your Client’s Company...............................................................43 Defining your client’s voice.................................................................43 Developing your client’s look .............................................................45 Selling Goods or Services..............................................................................46 Emphasizing key points.......................................................................46 Highlighting the product .....................................................................47 Providing Information....................................................................................48 Handling large amounts of content ....................................................48 Presenting information ........................................................................50 Including e-learning materials ............................................................52 Using Personas to Develop Content ............................................................53 Defining your client’s customers........................................................54 Delivering what they want ..................................................................54

  Table of Contents xi

  

Book II: Site Design.....................................................55

  Chapter 1: Conceptualizing Your Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Deciding What Types of Pages You Need....................................................57 Considering static Web pages.............................................................58 Freshening the content with dynamic Web pages ...........................60 Evaluating multimedia element choices............................................61 Choosing the Right Delivery Method ..........................................................64 Knowing when static pages suit your purpose ................................64 Using dynamic pages to manage complex information...................65 Considering multimedia ......................................................................67 Handling Printable Materials ........................................................................67 Chapter 2: Creating Effective Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Content Is Key: Making Sure It’s All Included .............................................72 Creating Order from Chaos: Consistency Is Your Friend ..........................73 Including Things That Every Page Needs ...................................................75 Banner....................................................................................................75 Page headline........................................................................................76 Global navigation..................................................................................76 Page title ................................................................................................77 Page description and keywords .........................................................77 Page footer ............................................................................................80 Planning How to Emphasize Important Information .................................81 Understanding the Basics of Usable and Accessible Design....................83 Creating a Layout Wire Frame ......................................................................85 Chapter 3: Organizing Your Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Considering File Management ......................................................................92 Keeping It Tidy ...............................................................................................94 Implementing Information Architecture .....................................................96 Developing section-level information architecture..........................97 Arranging page-level information.......................................................98 Avoiding Content Problems ..........................................................................99 Chapter 4: Ensuring Visual Appeal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 Colors on the Web........................................................................................101 CMYK color .........................................................................................102 RGB color ............................................................................................102 Hexadecimal colors............................................................................102 Making nice with established color schemes .................................103 Web-safe colors...................................................................................104 Getting Familiar with Graphics File Formats ............................................107

  Building Web Sites All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies xii

  Using Fonts Effectively on Web Sites.........................................................109 Implementing Stock Images and Other Elements ....................................111 Facelifting an Existing Site ..........................................................................114

  Choosing a new color scheme ..........................................................114 Figuring out which graphics to replace...........................................114 Creating a new prototype ..................................................................115 Applying the new colors to your CSS file ........................................119

  Book III: Site Construction .........................................121

  Chapter 1: Pulling Together Tools and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Matching the Tools to Your Needs.............................................................123 Hauling Out the Hardware ..........................................................................124 A computer..........................................................................................125 Computer monitor..............................................................................125 Backups and storage..........................................................................126 Printers and scanners........................................................................127 Cameras and camcorders..................................................................128 Graphics tablet ...................................................................................130 Setting Up Your Web Design Studio ...........................................................130 Desperately Seeking Software ....................................................................131 Researching software before you buy .............................................132 Graphics software ..............................................................................132 Multimedia software ..........................................................................136 Web design software ..........................................................................139 Browser software................................................................................141 Chapter 2: Making a Web Page with HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 Getting Acquainted with the Basic Parts of an HTML Document..........143 Starting Your HTML Document Right ........................................................144 The document type definition ..........................................................145 The head tag and what goes in it .....................................................146 Now for some body! ...........................................................................149 The anatomy of a whole page ...........................................................150 Controlling layouts with CSS.............................................................156 Helpful Development Practices ..................................................................157 Chapter 3: Creating a Web Page Layout with HTML and CSS . . . . . .159 Introducing CSS ............................................................................................159 Understanding why CSS can help your site — and you ................159 Checking the source...........................................................................161 Using CSS with other tools ................................................................162 Ways of Working with CSS...........................................................................163 Inline styles .........................................................................................164

  Table of Contents xiii

  External style sheets..........................................................................165 Commenting your code .....................................................................166

  Creating a CSS Document............................................................................167 Setting default selectors ....................................................................168 Setting class and ID selectors ...........................................................169

  Special Effects with CSS...............................................................................174 Styling your links ................................................................................174 Cool headlines ....................................................................................175 Custom padding and margins ...........................................................175 Custom borders ..................................................................................176

  

Chapter 4: Introducing Web and Graphics Software . . . . . . . . . . . . .179

Choosing Graphics Software.......................................................................179 Adobe Photoshop...............................................................................179 Adobe Illustrator ................................................................................181 Other professional-grade graphics software ..................................182 Considering Web-Design Software .............................................................183 Deciding on Multimedia Software ..............................................................184 Touring Photoshop CS2...............................................................................185 The Welcome Screen..........................................................................185 The default workspace ......................................................................186 The work area .....................................................................................187 Layers and the Layer palette ............................................................188 Tools and the toolbox ........................................................................190

Chapter 5: Getting Started with Dreamweaver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203

Exploring the Dreamweaver Interface .......................................................203 The Start Page.....................................................................................205 The New Document dialog box.........................................................206 The Files panel....................................................................................210 The Document window......................................................................214 The Preferences dialog box...............................................................219 The Properties inspector (panel).....................................................220 The CSS Styles panel ..........................................................................221 The Insert bar .....................................................................................223 Creating a Web Site with Dreamweaver ....................................................223 Testing Your Pages and Validating the Code ............................................225 Publishing Your Web Site with Dreamweaver ..........................................227

Chapter 6: Using Dreamweaver: Advanced Techniques . . . . . . . . . .231

Creating a Site with Prebuilt Page Designs ...............................................232 Creating Templates to Ease Site Maintenance .........................................235 Making a template ..............................................................................235 Including editable regions .................................................................237

  Building Web Sites All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies xiv

  Creating a page using a template .....................................................237 Updating a template...........................................................................238

  Exploring the Assets Panel and Library Items .........................................240 Touring the Assets panel...................................................................240 Discovering library items ..................................................................242

  Adding Functionality with Dreamweaver Behaviors ...............................246 Including the Open Browser Window behavior .............................248 Editing a behavior via the Behaviors panel ....................................252 Creating a pop-up message ...............................................................253

  Chapter 7: Creating a Web Page from a Photoshop File . . . . . . . . . .255 Taking a Wire Frame to a Finished Design ................................................255 Finishing the Artwork ..................................................................................261 Placing a photo in your banner ........................................................262 Creating a clipping mask ...................................................................262 Implementing filters, adjustment layers, and blend modes .........263 Slicing a Photoshop Document ..................................................................266 Optimizing Graphics for the Web...............................................................268 Making a Graphic Transparent...................................................................272 Chapter 8: Meeting HTML’s Powerful Friends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275 Web Technologies Defined..........................................................................275 Vary your content with variables .....................................................276 Conditional statements .....................................................................277 Here we go loop-de-loop....................................................................278 Creating functional functions ...........................................................280 Looking on the Server Side .........................................................................281 ASP/ASP.NET .......................................................................................281

  .NET Framework .................................................................................282 JavaScript ............................................................................................282 PHP .......................................................................................................284 CGI/PERL .............................................................................................284

  Checking Out the Client Side ......................................................................287 Java.......................................................................................................287

  VBScript...............................................................................................288

  Chapter 9: Web Site Usability and Accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291 Ensuring Your Site Is Easy to Use...............................................................291 Helping Users Access Your Site..................................................................293 Images need alternate content .........................................................294 Use more than one method to convey your information..............295 Pictures are important.......................................................................296 Orientation tools are helpful.............................................................296 Creating Accessible Web Pages..................................................................297 Using Dreamweaver to insert accessible elements .......................297

  Table of Contents xv

  Chapter 10: Publishing the Web Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303 Look Before You Leap: What to Do before Launch ..................................303 Develop a checklist ............................................................................303 Get opinions ........................................................................................306 Going Live .....................................................................................................308 Using Dreamweaver to upload content ...........................................309 Uploading pages with an FTP client.................................................312 What Next? The Launch Is Not the End of the Project ............................314 Submitting the site to search engines .............................................315 Implementing marketing....................................................................315 Requesting link exchanges................................................................316

Book IV: Web Graphics ..............................................317

Chapter 1: Finding Inspiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319 Finding Fresh Ideas ......................................................................................319 Respecting the Copyrights of Others ........................................................320 Protecting Your Own Copyrights ...............................................................322 Working with Colors (Web Safe versus Not Web Safe) ............................322 Creativity Tools — Color Charts and More...............................................325 Font/Type Issues on Web Sites...................................................................326 Print to Web — Making Your Web Site Work

  with Existing Materials ............................................................................327 Understanding Image Formats for Web Design ........................................328

  Using the GIF image file format.........................................................328 Using the JPEG image file format......................................................330 Using the PNG image file format.......................................................331

  Chapter 2: Bringing Your Vision to Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333 Introducing Fireworks 8 ..............................................................................333 Vector and raster images...................................................................333 The PNG file format............................................................................335 Fireworks interface mini-tour ...........................................................336 Creating Art with Other Tools ....................................................................343 Adding Photoshop CS2 to your graphics toolbox..........................343 Getting graphics ready for the Web with ImageReady ..................344 Creating painterly images in Corel Painter .....................................348 Chapter 3: Workhorse Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351 Creating Buttons in Fireworks ....................................................................351 Introducing the Button Editor ..........................................................352 Creating a simple two-state button ..................................................352 Creating buttons with pizzazz ..........................................................356

  Building Web Sites All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies xvi

  Creating a Vertical Navigation Menu .........................................................357 Creating a Pop-Up Menu..............................................................................360 Recycling — Reuse Everything ..................................................................365

  Making a reusable graphic template................................................365 Organizing a site .................................................................................366

  A Doodle to a Working Page — Concept to Completion .........................367 Mind mapping .....................................................................................367 Creating a client mockup...................................................................368

  Optimizing Artwork in Fireworks...............................................................368 Optimizing GIF artwork .....................................................................369 Optimizing JPEG artwork ..................................................................370

  Exporting Artwork from Fireworks ............................................................372

  Chapter 4: Creating Compelling Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373 Creating Banner Graphics ...........................................................................373 Using Photoshop to create a banner ...............................................374 Including all the important information ..........................................376 Working with an existing logo...........................................................376 Create Promotional Graphics .....................................................................378 Emphasize your point........................................................................379 Complement your style .....................................................................380 Creating Fast-Loading, Beautiful Photos ...................................................382 Resizing your photos for the Web ....................................................382 Using professional optimization techniques ..................................385 Creating a Photo Gallery .............................................................................390 Choosing your photos .......................................................................390 Putting the photos in order...............................................................392 Using Photoshop to create a photo gallery ....................................393 Using Dreamweaver to create a photo gallery ...............................396 Book V: Multimedia...................................................399 Chapter 1: Incorporating Flash Creations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401 Introducing Flash 8 ......................................................................................401 Touring the interface .........................................................................402 Getting comfortable with Flash ........................................................407 Setting up your workspace ...............................................................413 Building Flashy Navigation .........................................................................415 Creating the navigation menu document ........................................415 Creating buttons in Flash ..................................................................416 Assembling your menu ......................................................................421 Adding functionality to the buttons.................................................423 Publishing your file and adding it to your page .............................425

  Table of Contents xvii

  Flash as an Animation Tool.........................................................................426 Create a Flash Presentation ........................................................................427 Exploring the Many Tricks of Flash ...........................................................428