AUDIOTAPED FEEDBACK AS A MEANS FOR IMPROVING STUDENTS' GRAMMATICAL PERFORMANCE AND IDEA IN WRITING

AUDIOTAPED FEEDBACK AS A MEANS FOR IMPROVING
STUDENTS' GRAMMATICAL PERFORMANCEAND IDEA
IN WRITING

A THESIS
In partial Fulfrllmcnt of the Requiremcnto for the Sariana Pcndidikan
Degree in Englich Language Teaching

By,
DESSYKUSUMA

'2'tn990s3

WIDYA MANDAI.A SURABAYA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ART EDUCATION
ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
AUGUST,2OO3

APPROVi\L SHIlltl'
(l)

in \Vritinq is preparcd and
subnrittedby Dcssy Kusurna,and has bccn approvcdand acceptedas a partial
fulfillrnent of the requirerlentsfor tlre Sar.ianapendidikandcgree in E,nglish
LanguageTeachingby the follo*,irrsadvisors:

li,

{

D r . W u r iS o e d i a t n r i k o
FirstAdvisor

Sccottrl A dyi.tor

APPROVALSHEET
(2)
This thesishasbeenexaminedby,the comrnitteeon oral exarnination
u,ith
a gradeof__

on August26', 2003.

rt.

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DJ.D, WagimanAdisutrisno.
M.A

Chsirman

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\'lateubYurnarnarnto.
N,{.
Hurn.

Drs. H.J. HJndra tedjasuksrnana.
M.Hurn.

Secretary

Member

lt.y+r>
Advisor I

Deun o./tlte TeaclterTruining Faculty

Head of the English Department
ii

AC IiNO\\/ LE I) C I] ['I [,N 1'
. v ea n d
I r i r s to f a l l , t h e r i r i t e ru o L r l t l i k c t o t h a r r kC o d l b r I I i s b l c s s i n g sl o
h c r t h c s i s .S h c r c a l i z - ctsh a t
g u i d a n c ci n h c r l i l ' c t h a t e n a b l ch c r i n c o n r p l c t i n g
s'ithor,rt
Cod's hclp this thesisl'ottld rtevcrbe conrpleted.
S h er v o u l da l s ol i k c t o g i v c h c r d c e p e sgt r a t i t t r cal cn da p p r c c i a t i otno t r a n y
peoplervho have hclpedher in the processof rvriting this tlresis,espcciallythe

fol lorvingindividuals:
l.

Dr. Wuri Soedjatnrikh
o c, r f l r s t a d v i s o r a, r r dD r a . S u s a n aT c o p i l u s ,M . P d . ,
h c r s e c o n da d v i s o ru, ' h o h a v eh e l p c dh e r r i ' i t ht h e i rt i n i e ,p a t i e n tg u i d a n c e ,
in inrprovingand finishing this
valr,rable
advises,supportand suggestions
thesis.

2.

Tinr Bosrvoodrvho hrs hclpcclhcr rr,ithhis tirrlc.a Iot of inlornrationabout
AudiotapeF
d c c d b a c ka.n d v r l u a b l cs u g g e s t i o ni ns n r a k i n ga n d f i n i s h i n gt h i s
thesis.

3.

A l l l e c t u r c r rsv h ol r a v cl a u g l r lt r c rc l L r r i nhgc r s t u c 1s1o, t l r a ts h ec a n l i n i s hh c r
s t L r d yi n t h c f i n g l i s hD c p a r t n r e not f W i d y a N i a n c l a l C
a a t l r o l i cU n i v e r s i t S ,
Surabaya.

4.

All the librariansol \\/id),a Mandala Catholic University Surabal'afor
l c n d i n gh e r s o u r eb o o k si r rt h e p r o c c s os f a c c o r n p l i s l r i tnhgi st h e s i s .

5.

All administratorsol' the Facultl,of TeacherTraining and E,ducationo f
Widya MandalaCatholicSurabal,arvho have helpedher a lot, so that she
can finish her studyat this Univcrsitl,.

6.

Her beloved,Dad, N4onr,brothcr,sister,grandmas,aunts and unclesrvho
havealu'aysacconlpanied

hcr rvitlr lovc, prayer,and supportin her effort to
f i r r i s hh e rs t u d l ' a n dc s p e c i a l lhy e rt l r e s i s .

7.

I ' l e r c l o s e f r i e n d s :[ - i n a S o e t a n t oT. j i a n g Y e r l i . D e r v i N u r a e n iS e t y a r v a n ,
H i a s i n t a l.r a P u s p i t a s a rl i-,u t v S r i n . h v u n i f o r t h e b c a u t i f u lf r i c n d s h i pa n d
g r c a tt r o n l c n ti n h c r l i f e .

8.

I - l e r f r i e n d sa t B ' 9 9 c l a s s ( Y e r l i . I n r a r i , a t iS. h e l l i , .L i n c i a .S a n t i , D i n a ,
l i a t i .D r i i . \ ' u n i . C a n d r a I. r a . i \ l L r l t iS
N4e
. c r r 1.,l.i n g g aR
. a n n r ,Y, u n a r i ,
. a t n aS
iii

l s , a n ,B a m b a r r gl)b r t h c l a u g l r t c rl .r c l pa n d g r c a tt i n r e sd u r i n gh c r s t u d y I n

t h c E n g l i s hD c p a r t r r c not l ' \ \ r i d )a i v h n d a l aC a t h o l i cU n i v e r s i t lS' L r l r t r a l ' a .
9.

Irerry. hcr fricnd abroad. rvho has helpcd her irr linding books and
irrfornrationabout Audiotaped lreedback,indircctly supportcd hcr irr
f i n i s h i n gt l i i st h c s i sa, n db e c o m ct h c l i g h ta n dt h e i n s p i r a t i oonf h e r l i f e .
A t l a s t ,t h c * ' r i t c r b c l i c v c st h a l r v i t h o utth c i r h c l pa n dg u i d a n c ct,h i s t h e s i s

*'ould neverhaveachievedits nrescntfornr.

Suraba_ya.
AugLrst2003

The u'riter

iv

r\BSTRT\C't
Krrsrrrrra,Dessy'. (2003). ,,lrrtliotapctl f:aadltack cr.t rt l.,lcrtn.sfor Itttprot.ing
Slttdent.t'Grontntoticulftcrfbt.rtuttceaur] Irlcu tn IIlrilittg, S-I -fhcsis,

' l ' c a c l r c'r - r a i r r i r r g
E n g l i s hD c r ) a r t r r c r l t ,
a n d I : d L r c a t i oInr a c u l t vo f w i d y a
MandalaSuraba,r,a
Catholic Univcrsitv,Suraba,r,a.
Advisors:L Dr. \\/uri
-fcolrilLrs.
Soedjatntiko
I I.. D r a .S u s a n a
M.pd.
Kcy y'prr1t'.
audiotapcdfccdback.granrnratical
pcrlbrnrrrrcc.
rvriting..
L e a r n i n gb a s i c a l l yc a n n o tb e s e p a r a t cfdr o n rn r a k i n ge r r o r s N
. o o r r el e a r n s
rvithoutmaking crrors.Error is corrsidcrcd
as a nrcclitrnr
to lcarnbctter,but to gcr
it. error correctionis neededin orderto makg learrringa langauagebettcr.As ihe

studentsare not ableto recognizctheir orvn errors.they needhelp fro* sorneonc
rrore proficient than they are,that is, teacher.
However,this kind of help frorn the teacheris sornctinres
undesirable
due
to some reasons.First, it rnakesthe studcntsmore interestedin knorvingtheir
marksthan the errorsthey got. Second,it hasbcenargueda long time ago tirat
the
teachersshouldnot use pen in correcting.Seeinga compositionrvith a bunch
of
red pen-rnarki.gsis discouraging,becausethe itude.ts see only the nurnber
of
errors they have nrade.It nrakesthern lose lheir confidcnceand fcel their sell'_
esteemslapped.Third, rvrittenfeedbackis olten too brief and/orr-rncle
ar. Fouflh,
ri'rittcrlf'eedback
providcsno sttttgcstions
and at tinrcstlrc tcaclrcr's6ancll,ritirrrl
is
d i f l l c u l tt o r e a d .F i l i l r ,b o t l rt e a c h car n d s t r r d c n tl sr a v ed i l ' l l c L r l rt vo f i u d r t i r n e

ilot
r ' l r c n t h c y a r e f r e et o a t t c n di n a * , r i r i n sc o n l ' c r c n c S
c .i x t h .t l i c r ci s a l s on o e o o d
corl]nrunicatio
bn
e t * , c c rt rh c t e a c l r car r r ds t r r d e n ti sn o r d c r . t os o l V es o n r ep r o b i c , n s
in *'ritirrg that thcy havc facccr,cspcciailyror a srucrentrvho is afraid to
ask
qLrestion
l vsh e nh c / s h ed o c s r r 'ut n d c r s t a n c l .
To knorv *'lrerlrcrA.diotaped Fccdback(A-fF) is cffcctive enough
to
irnpro'e students' grar'r.atical pcrrbr-r'a'ceand iclca irr *,riting, tlrc i,riter
c o n d u c t st l r i s s t u d y u s i n g q u a l i t a t i ' ea c t i o n r e s c a r . cthl r a t c o n s i s t p l a n n i r r g ,
of
acting,obscrving,rcf'lecting
and suggesring
lbr thc rrcxtplanning.Thc participants
of this studyare studcntsin the third scnrested
taking \\/riting i in _qroup
D. Tne
dataare in the form ofthe stuclents'
*,riting assignnrerts
ancitrreintervicri,.
From the dataanall'sis,it is foundthat ATF is effcctivecnough
to inrprove
.
students'grantnlaticalpcrlorrtranceand idca in rvriting, because
it is ablc to
demonstratestudents'progressin thc granrnratical
perrbinrance
and gettingidea
in rvriting.That resultcan be seenthai the nunrberof the studcnts'
.-rrorcln th.
final dralt for eachassig'r'e.t has rcduccd.Besidcs,ATF also hclps
studcntsin
n r a k i n gr e a s o n a b lceo r r e c t i o n isn h i s o r h c r n r i s r a k eas n d i n d c s c i i b i n g
a thing
rvith a good organization,a better grarnmar,a good idca and
a detaired
inforrrration,
becauscit gives an opportunityfor the icachcr to gi'e clearerand
nroreexplanationaboutltorv3 s61l1ps5ition
can be inrpro.,,ed.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CIIAPTER
II.

vl

2 . i . T h c A u d i o r l p c dF c c d L x c a
k sa T e c l i n i q u o
cf Corrcction
2 . j . 1A ] ' F l ) r o c c s s . . . . . . . . . . .

........22

2 . 3 . 2T h e A d v a n r a g eo si A T F -

......... ...........25

C I I , \ P T E RI I I . ll l:SIl,.\ltCI| 1\1
IITIIOI)S
i.l.

Rcsa
e r c l rD c s i s n. . . . . . . . . . .

..........2j

- . i . 2 .l h c S r r b j c c r s

. ... ...................29

- 1 . .1 I i c s c u r c l rn s t r u r r c n t s

.............. 29

i . 4 . I ) r o c c c i ror rl -cC o J l c c t JDnrgr a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . .j 0
..

3 . 5 . P r o c e d L rorfeA n a l ; , z i nD
gata...............

. . . . . . . .j 2
..

CIIAPTER
I V . DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND INTERPI{ETATION
OF TIIE FINDINGS
4 . 1 . D a t aA n a l y s i as n dF i n d i n g s . . .
4 . 1 .I

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .j .4. . . . . .

D a l aA n a l y s i sa n d F i n d i n g so f lS t u d e n t sp, r o g r e s s
.....3,1

4 . 1 . 2 D a t aA n a l y s i sa n d F i n d i n g so f S t u d c n t s ,
lntcrvierv....70
4 . 2 . I n t e r p r c t a t i oonf t h c F i n d i n g s
.........................g1
4 . 2 . 1 I n t c r p r c t a t i oonf S t u d e n t sp,r o g r e s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .g. . . . . . . .
I
4 . 2 . . 2 I n t c r p r e t a t i oonf s t L r d e n t Isn, l e n , j c r v . . . . . . . .
..................()2
4.3. Thc

D i s c L r s s i o no 1 - D a t r

Anall,sis, Fintiings and

I r r t e r p r citoant o l ' l h cI r i n d i n g s

. . . . . . . . . . , . . .9. 4
....

C I I A P T E IV
{ . C O N C L I , TISO N r \ N D S i J G GI T S T I O N S
5.1. Conc|usion...................
5.2. Suggestions...................

REFERENCES
A P P E N D I XA
APPENDIXB
A P P E N D I XC

vii

...........97
.........99

LIST OF TAI}LES

pagc

Trblc
3.I

D a t a A n a l l , s i so f S t r , r d e n tCs r' a u r n t a t i c aPl c r f o r n t a n cacn d I d e a i r r E , a c h
Assi_gnrncnt

1.1

................... .......... l 2

D a t a A n a l l , s i so f S t u d c n t s C
' r a n t n t a t i c aPl c r t o r n t a n cacn d l c l c ai n t h e
A s s i _ q r r n rIc.n. .t. . . . . . . . . .

A1

. . . .. . . . . . . . . ........ . . j. .5

D a t a A n a l y s i so f S t r , r d e n tC
s 'r a n r r n r t i c aPl c r l b r r n a n caen d I d e a i n t h e
s s i g n m c n2 t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . , .

.........41

Data Analysis of Students'CramnraticalPerlorrtrance
and ldea in the

.t-J

A s s i g n n r e3n.t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.4

Data Analysis of Students'GrarnrnaticalPerformanceand Idea in the
Assignnrent4....................

4.5

.............................51

Data Analysis of Students'CranrnraticalPcrfornranceand Idea in tlre
A s s i g n n r e 5n .t...................

4.6

.............................47

.............................60

D a t aA n a l y s i so f S r u d c n t sP' r o g r c s isn C r a n r r l a t i c apl e r l o r n r a n cacn d I d e a
in Writing

........69

D a t aA n a l y s i so f S t u d c n t sR' c s p o n s et o
s Q u c s t i o nI ..,.......................... ....... 70
D a t aA n a l v s i os f S t u d c n t sR' c s p o n s ct os Q u c s t i o n2sa a n d2 b . . . . ...,.. , . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2

4.9

D a t aA n a l v s i os f S t u c l c n tRs c' s p o n s ct os Q u c s t i o nl sa a n d3b . . . . . ...... . . . . . , . . .4. . j

4 . 1 0 D a t aA n a l y s i os f S t u d c r r tR
s 'es p o n s et so Q r . r c s t i 4o n
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .... . . . . 7 5
1 . 1I

D a t aA n a l l ' s ios l ' S r L r c j c nI {t cs s' p o n s tcosQ u c s l i o 5
n . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. . . . . .j .7. . .

4 . 1 2 D a t ar \ n a l ls i so f S t u d c n t sl 'l c s p o n s etso Q u c s t i o n6s a a n d6 b ...................... 7g
{.

lJ

D a t aA n a l ' s i so f " l ' o t aol l - N l i s t a k ci sr rc r a r n n r a t i c aI )l e r l o r n r a n cacn d I d e a. . 9 4

vlll

LIST OII FIGURE

Figurc
I

pa!
T h e P r o c e sosf A T F

. ...........25