MENUMBUHKAN NADI BARU | Ana | Jurnal Teknosains 3992 6479 1 SM

(1)

92/80(1R'HVHPEHU +DODPDQ

5(6(16,

0(180%8+.$11$',%$58

,ND'HZL$QD

6WDI3HQJDMDU%DJLDQ%LRPHGLND.HGRNWHUDQ*LJL8QLYHUVLWDV *DGMDK0DGDGDQ3HQHOLWL5HND\DVD-DULQJDQ

-XGXO%XNX $GYDQFHVLQ7LVVXH(QJLQHHULQJ 9ROXPH$QJLRJHQHVLV

(GLWRU 3HWHU&-RKQVRQGDQ$QWRQLRV*0LNRV 3HQHUELW 0DU\$QQ/LHEHUW,QF

7DKXQ

7HEDO KDODPDQ

3DGD WDKXQ GXQLD GLNHMXWNDQ ROHK VXDWX ILOP GRNXPHQWHU GDODP SURJUDP

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

'XQLD%DUX3HQ\HPEXKDQ

'DODPNRQWHNVLOPXSHQJHWDKXDQGDQNOLQLVLPSLDQPDQXVLDDNDQDGDQ\D³7KH%RG\ 6KRS´WHODKGLWHUMHPDKNDQROHKGXQLDUHND\DVDMDULQJDQ5HND\DVDMDULQJDQPHUXSDNDQVXDWX WHUDSL \DQJ EHUEDVLV SRWHQVL SHQ\HPEXKDQ DODPLDK QDWXUDO KHDOLQJ SRWHQWLDO SDGD SDVLHQ $NDQWHUDSLWHUDSLWHUVHEXWGLNHQDOVHEDJDLWHUDSLUHJHQHUDVLMDULQJDQGLODNXNDQGHQJDQFDUD PHQJLQGXNVLUHJHQHUDVLMDULQJDQDWDXRUJDQPHQJJXQDNDQOLQJNXQJDQEXDWDQ\DQJVHVXDL GHQJDQNRQGLVLELRORJLVGDQPDPSXPHPDFXSUROLIHUDVLGDQGLIHUHQVLDVLVHONHDUDKUHJHQHUDVL MDULQJDQDWDXRUJDQWDUJHW$GDGXDSHQGHNDWDQGDODPWHUDSLUHJHQHUDVLMDULQJDQ\DQJ GLPDNVXG

3HQGHNDWDQ SHUWDPD DGDODK WUDQVSODQWDVL VHO 6HOVHO GHQJDQ NHPDPSXDQ SUROLIHUDVL GDQGLIHUHQVLDVLWLQJJLGLWUDQVSODQWDVLNDQSDGDDUHDMDULQJDQWXEXK\DQJUXVDNDWDXKLODQJ XQWXNPHQJLQGXNVLUHJHQHUDVLMDULQJDQ6HOVHOWHUVHEXWELDVDQ\DGLWUDQVSODQWDVLNDQPHODOXL PHWRGHLQMHNVLEROXVDWDXLQIXV3HQGHNDWDQLQLPHPLOLNLEHEHUDSDNHOHPDKDQ.HOHPDKDQ WHUVHEXW DQWDUD ODLQ DGDODK VHGLNLWQ\D MXPODK VHO \DQJ WHUWLQJJDO GL DUHD WUDQVSODQWDVL 'L VDPSLQJLWXNHPDPSXDQVHOXQWXNPHODNXNDQUHJHQHUDVLWHUJRORQJUHQGDKNDUHQDEDQ\DN


(2)

_92/12'(6(0%(5

VHO \DQJ PHQJDODPL HNVNUHVL GDQ NHPDWLDQ 8QWXNVXDWXSURVHVUHJHQHUDVLMDULQJDQ\DQJ YROXPHQ\DNHFLOGLSHUOXNDQVHOGDODPMXPODK \DQJ FXNXS EDQ\DN %DQ\DN PHQXQMXNNDQ EXNWL EDKZD WHUDSL GHQJDQ SHQGHNDWDQ WUDQVSODQWDVLVHOLQLPHPLOLNLHILNDVLWHUDSHXWLV \DQJ UHQGDK NDUHQD SURSRUVL VHO WHUEDWDV GDQ SRWHQVL SUROLIHUDVL VHUWD GLIHUHQVLDVL VHO PHQJDODPLSHQXUXQDQGDODPIXQJVLZDNWX

3HQGHNDWDQ DWDX PHWRGH \DQJ NHGXD DGDODK GHQJDQ PHPEHULNDQ OLQJNXQJDQ ELRORJLV \DQJ VHVXDL XQWXN NHKLGXSDQ VHOVHO GDQ EHUVLIDW IXQJVLRQDO XQWXN VHO /LQJNXQJDQ ELRORJLV WHUVHEXW DNDQ PHQMDGL SHUDQFDKEDJLVHOVHOMXJDPHQMDGLSHPEDZD PROHNXOELRVLJQDOVHNDOLJXVPHQMDGLVXPEHU PDNDQDQ QXWULHQW EDJL VHO /LQJNXQJDQ ORNDO \DQJ VHFDUD ELRORJLV VHVXDL GHQJDQ NRQGLVLLQ YLYR DNDQ PHPXQJNLQNDQ VHOVHO PHQJDODPL SUROLIHUDVL GDQ GLIHUHQVLDVL \DQJ ODMX GDQ DUDKQ\D GDSDW GLDWXU 3HUDQFDK VHEDJDL OLQJNXQJDQ ELRORJLV MXJD VHNDOLJXV GDSDW EHUIXQJVL PHQMDGL SHPEDZD IDNWRU IDNWRUSHUWXPEXKDQELRPROHNXOELRVLJQDOLQJ PROHFXOH GDQ SURWHLQ 7HNQRORJL SHOHSDVDQ WHUNRQWURO FRQWUROOHG UHOHDVH WHFKQRORJ\ MXJD DNDQPHPXQJNLQNDQELRPROHNXOGDQSURWHLQ GLOHSDVNDQ GHQJDQ NHFHSDWDQ \DQJ GDSDW GLDWXU GDQ GLVHVXDLNDQ GHQJDQ NRQGLVL DVOLQ\D 'HQJDQ SHQGHNDWDQ LQL SRWHQVL ELRORJLV DODPLDK XQWXN UHJHQHUDVL MDULQJDQ GDSDWGLWLQJNDWNDQ3HQGHNDWDQNHGXDLQLODK \DQJ GLNHQDO VHEDJDL UHND\DVD MDULQJDQ EHUEDVLV SHUDQFDK VFDIIROGEDVHG WLVVXH HQJLQHHULQJ \DQJ GLNHPXNDNDQ ROHK -RVHSK /DQJHU GDQ 5REHUW 9DFDQWL GDODP VXDWXDUWLNHO\DQJWHUELWGL0DMDODK6FLHQFH 0HPLFX3HUWXPEXKDQ3HPEXOXK 'DUDK%DUX

0HQJDFX SDGD SHQGHNDWDQ NHGXD \DQJ GLNHPXNDNDQROHK/DQJHUGDQ9DFDQWL LWX PDND SHQWLQJ DUWLQ\D PHQJRSWLPDONDQ WULORJL VLVWHP SHUDQFDKPRUIRJHQVHO GDODP PHPDFX SHUWXPEXKDQ SHPEXOXK GDUDK EDUX 0HQJDSD" -DZDEDQQ\D GLNDUHQDNDQ VHOXUXK MDULQJDQ GDODP WXEXK PHPHUOXNDQ

VXSODLGDUDK\DQJDNDQPHPEDJLNDQRNVLJHQ GDQQXWULHQW]DW]DWPDNDQDQ\DQJSHQWLQJ VHUWDPHQJXVLUNDUERQGLRNVLGDGDQSURGXN PHWDEROLVP WXEXK \DQJ ODLQ DJDU WLGDN EHUVDUDQJGDODPWXEXK3URVHVSHUWXPEXKDQ MDULQJDQ SHPEXOXK GDUDK GLNHQDO GHQJDQ LVWLODKDQJLRJHQHVLV

3DGD PDVD HPEULR WXPEXK NHPEDQJ MDQLQ DQJLRJHQHVLV WHUMDGL VHLULQJ GHQJDQ SHUWXPEXKDQ MDULQJDQ SDUHQNKLPDO 'LIXVL RNVLJHQ VHMXPODK PP SDGD DOLUDQ GDUDK PDQXVLD DWDX SDGD WHNDQDQ DWPRVIHU DNDQ PDPSX PHPSHUWDKDQNDQ MDULQJDQ GDODP NRQGLVLEDLN7DQWDQJDQQ\DDGDODKEDJDLPDQD PHQJHPEDOLNDQ VLVWHP WHUVHEXW OHELK FHSDW SDGD MDULQJDQ KDVLO UHND\DVD HQJLQHHUHG WLVVXH VHWHODK WHUMDGLQ\D LPSODQWDVL ,QLODK \DQJNHPXGLDQPHQMDGLWLWLNSHUKDWLDQGDODP GXQLDUHND\DVDMDULQJDQ

.RQWURO DQJLRJHQHVLV GLDNXL WHODK PHQMDGL DVSHN \DQJ SDOLQJ VXOLW GDODP ELGDQJUHND\DVDMDULQJDQ+DOLQLGLVHEDENDQ ROHK IXQJVL MDULQJDQ YDVNXODU SHPEXOXK GDUDK \DQJ GL VDWX VLVL KDUXV PDPSX PHPSHUWDKDQNDQ VHO VDPSDL NH WLQJNDW PLNURVWUXNWXUDOGLPHQVLPLNURVHUWDPDPSX PHQXPEXKNDQSHUOHNDWDQGHQJDQDUWHULGDQ YHQD \DQJ OHELK EHVDU GLPHQVL VHQWLPHWHU VHFDUD DQDWRPLV WHUGLUL DWDV NDWXSNDWXS GHQJDQVLVWHPWUDQVPLVLHOHNWULVGDQYDULDVL PXVNXODWXU \DQJ NRPSOHNV GDQ UXPLW 3HPEXOXKYHQDPLVDOQ\DPHPLOLNLNHNKDVDQ SDGD GHVDLQ NDWXSNDWXSQ\D \DQJ PDPSX PHODZDQ JUDYLWDVL VHPEDUL PHQJHPEDOLNDQ VLUNXODVL GDUDK PHQXMX MDQWXQJ $GDSXQ SHPEXOXK DUWHUL PHPLOLNL NHPDPSXDQ VXSODL GDUDK \DQJ LVWLPHZD NDUHQD PDPSX PHQJDQWDUHOHPHQGDULVDWXNDSLOHUNHNDSLOHU ODLQ\DQJGLWXMXVHFDUDWHUSURJUDP

3HQHOLWLDQ0XWDNKLU

3HQWLQJQ\DNRQWURODQJLRJHQHVLVVHEDJDL PHGDQ WDQWDQJDQ DQDWRPLVILVLRORJLV EDJL SHUHND\DVD MDULQJDQ 2OHK VHEDE LWXODK WLGDN VDODK ELOD 3HWHU-RKQVRQ GDQ $QWRQLRV 0LNRVNHGXDQ\DHGLWRUMXUQDOWHUNHQDO7LVVXH (QJLQHHULQJDNKLUQ\DPHPLOLK$QJLRJHQHVLV


(3)

,.$'(:,$1$(5(6(16,

VHEDJDLVHULDOSHUWDPDGDODPVXDWXVHULDOEXNX

WHQWDQJ SHUNHPEDQJDQ PXWDNKLU UHND\DVD MDULQJDQ $UWLNHODUWLNHO \DQJ GLPXDW GDODP EXNX LQL PHUXSDNDQ DUWLNHO WHUSLOLK WHUNDLW DQJLRJHQHVLVGDODPGXQLDUHND\DVDMDULQJDQ \DQJWHUELWGLMXUQDO7LVVXH(QJLQHHULQJVHMDN KLQJJD 7HNQLN SHPLOLKDQ DUWLNHO GLODNXNDQ DJDU PDPSX PHQJJDPEDUNDQ VHFDUD PHQ\HOXUXK SHUNHPEDQJDQ \DQJ PHQ\DQJNXWSULQVLSGDVDUGDQWHNQRORJLQ\D

7DPSDNQ\DEXNXLQLFXNXSUHSUHVHQWDWLI XQWXNPHQHODDKVHFDUDFHSDWSHUNHPEDQJDQ UHND\DVD MDULQJDQ GDODP NDLWDQQ\D GHQJDQ DVSHN DQJLRJHQHVLV -RKQVRQ GDQ 0LNRV VHSHUWLQ\D WHODK PHPLODK DUWLNHODUWLNHO WHUVHEXWEHUGDVDUNDQLQGHNVVLWDVLSDGDDUWLNHO GDQ GLVWULEXVL JHRJUDILV VHKLQJJD PDPSX PHUDQJNXP SHUNHPEDQJDQ SHQHOLWLDQ GL EHUEDJDLEHODKDQGXQLDGHQJDQFXNXSEDLN

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

6,038/$1

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


(1)

92/80(1R'HVHPEHU +DODPDQ

5(6(16,

0(180%8+.$11$',%$58

,ND'HZL$QD

6WDI3HQJDMDU%DJLDQ%LRPHGLND.HGRNWHUDQ*LJL8QLYHUVLWDV *DGMDK0DGDGDQ3HQHOLWL5HND\DVD-DULQJDQ

-XGXO%XNX $GYDQFHVLQ7LVVXH(QJLQHHULQJ 9ROXPH$QJLRJHQHVLV

(GLWRU 3HWHU&-RKQVRQGDQ$QWRQLRV*0LNRV 3HQHUELW 0DU\$QQ/LHEHUW,QF

7DKXQ

7HEDO KDODPDQ

3DGD WDKXQ GXQLD GLNHMXWNDQ ROHK VXDWX ILOP GRNXPHQWHU GDODP SURJUDP

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

'XQLD%DUX3HQ\HPEXKDQ

'DODPNRQWHNVLOPXSHQJHWDKXDQGDQNOLQLVLPSLDQPDQXVLDDNDQDGDQ\D³7KH%RG\ 6KRS´WHODKGLWHUMHPDKNDQROHKGXQLDUHND\DVDMDULQJDQ5HND\DVDMDULQJDQPHUXSDNDQVXDWX WHUDSL \DQJ EHUEDVLV SRWHQVL SHQ\HPEXKDQ DODPLDK QDWXUDO KHDOLQJ SRWHQWLDO SDGD SDVLHQ $NDQWHUDSLWHUDSLWHUVHEXWGLNHQDOVHEDJDLWHUDSLUHJHQHUDVLMDULQJDQGLODNXNDQGHQJDQFDUD PHQJLQGXNVLUHJHQHUDVLMDULQJDQDWDXRUJDQPHQJJXQDNDQOLQJNXQJDQEXDWDQ\DQJVHVXDL GHQJDQNRQGLVLELRORJLVGDQPDPSXPHPDFXSUROLIHUDVLGDQGLIHUHQVLDVLVHONHDUDKUHJHQHUDVL MDULQJDQDWDXRUJDQWDUJHW$GDGXDSHQGHNDWDQGDODPWHUDSLUHJHQHUDVLMDULQJDQ\DQJ GLPDNVXG

3HQGHNDWDQ SHUWDPD DGDODK WUDQVSODQWDVL VHO 6HOVHO GHQJDQ NHPDPSXDQ SUROLIHUDVL GDQGLIHUHQVLDVLWLQJJLGLWUDQVSODQWDVLNDQSDGDDUHDMDULQJDQWXEXK\DQJUXVDNDWDXKLODQJ XQWXNPHQJLQGXNVLUHJHQHUDVLMDULQJDQ6HOVHOWHUVHEXWELDVDQ\DGLWUDQVSODQWDVLNDQPHODOXL PHWRGHLQMHNVLEROXVDWDXLQIXV3HQGHNDWDQLQLPHPLOLNLEHEHUDSDNHOHPDKDQ.HOHPDKDQ WHUVHEXW DQWDUD ODLQ DGDODK VHGLNLWQ\D MXPODK VHO \DQJ WHUWLQJJDO GL DUHD WUDQVSODQWDVL 'L VDPSLQJLWXNHPDPSXDQVHOXQWXNPHODNXNDQUHJHQHUDVLWHUJRORQJUHQGDKNDUHQDEDQ\DN


(2)

_92/12'(6(0%(5

VHO \DQJ PHQJDODPL HNVNUHVL GDQ NHPDWLDQ 8QWXNVXDWXSURVHVUHJHQHUDVLMDULQJDQ\DQJ YROXPHQ\DNHFLOGLSHUOXNDQVHOGDODPMXPODK \DQJ FXNXS EDQ\DN %DQ\DN PHQXQMXNNDQ EXNWL EDKZD WHUDSL GHQJDQ SHQGHNDWDQ WUDQVSODQWDVLVHOLQLPHPLOLNLHILNDVLWHUDSHXWLV \DQJ UHQGDK NDUHQD SURSRUVL VHO WHUEDWDV GDQ SRWHQVL SUROLIHUDVL VHUWD GLIHUHQVLDVL VHO PHQJDODPLSHQXUXQDQGDODPIXQJVLZDNWX

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

0HQJDFX SDGD SHQGHNDWDQ NHGXD \DQJ GLNHPXNDNDQROHK/DQJHUGDQ9DFDQWL LWX PDND SHQWLQJ DUWLQ\D PHQJRSWLPDONDQ WULORJL VLVWHP SHUDQFDKPRUIRJHQVHO GDODP PHPDFX SHUWXPEXKDQ SHPEXOXK GDUDK EDUX 0HQJDSD" -DZDEDQQ\D GLNDUHQDNDQ VHOXUXK MDULQJDQ GDODP WXEXK PHPHUOXNDQ

VXSODLGDUDK\DQJDNDQPHPEDJLNDQRNVLJHQ GDQQXWULHQW]DW]DWPDNDQDQ\DQJSHQWLQJ VHUWDPHQJXVLUNDUERQGLRNVLGDGDQSURGXN PHWDEROLVP WXEXK \DQJ ODLQ DJDU WLGDN EHUVDUDQJGDODPWXEXK3URVHVSHUWXPEXKDQ MDULQJDQ SHPEXOXK GDUDK GLNHQDO GHQJDQ LVWLODKDQJLRJHQHVLV

3DGD PDVD HPEULR WXPEXK NHPEDQJ MDQLQ DQJLRJHQHVLV WHUMDGL VHLULQJ GHQJDQ SHUWXPEXKDQ MDULQJDQ SDUHQNKLPDO 'LIXVL RNVLJHQ VHMXPODK PP SDGD DOLUDQ GDUDK PDQXVLD DWDX SDGD WHNDQDQ DWPRVIHU DNDQ PDPSX PHPSHUWDKDQNDQ MDULQJDQ GDODP NRQGLVLEDLN7DQWDQJDQQ\DDGDODKEDJDLPDQD PHQJHPEDOLNDQ VLVWHP WHUVHEXW OHELK FHSDW SDGD MDULQJDQ KDVLO UHND\DVD HQJLQHHUHG WLVVXH VHWHODK WHUMDGLQ\D LPSODQWDVL ,QLODK \DQJNHPXGLDQPHQMDGLWLWLNSHUKDWLDQGDODP GXQLDUHND\DVDMDULQJDQ

.RQWURO DQJLRJHQHVLV GLDNXL WHODK PHQMDGL DVSHN \DQJ SDOLQJ VXOLW GDODP ELGDQJUHND\DVDMDULQJDQ+DOLQLGLVHEDENDQ ROHK IXQJVL MDULQJDQ YDVNXODU SHPEXOXK GDUDK \DQJ GL VDWX VLVL KDUXV PDPSX PHPSHUWDKDQNDQ VHO VDPSDL NH WLQJNDW PLNURVWUXNWXUDOGLPHQVLPLNURVHUWDPDPSX PHQXPEXKNDQSHUOHNDWDQGHQJDQDUWHULGDQ YHQD \DQJ OHELK EHVDU GLPHQVL VHQWLPHWHU VHFDUD DQDWRPLV WHUGLUL DWDV NDWXSNDWXS GHQJDQVLVWHPWUDQVPLVLHOHNWULVGDQYDULDVL PXVNXODWXU \DQJ NRPSOHNV GDQ UXPLW 3HPEXOXKYHQDPLVDOQ\DPHPLOLNLNHNKDVDQ SDGD GHVDLQ NDWXSNDWXSQ\D \DQJ PDPSX PHODZDQ JUDYLWDVL VHPEDUL PHQJHPEDOLNDQ VLUNXODVL GDUDK PHQXMX MDQWXQJ $GDSXQ SHPEXOXK DUWHUL PHPLOLNL NHPDPSXDQ VXSODL GDUDK \DQJ LVWLPHZD NDUHQD PDPSX PHQJDQWDUHOHPHQGDULVDWXNDSLOHUNHNDSLOHU ODLQ\DQJGLWXMXVHFDUDWHUSURJUDP

3HQHOLWLDQ0XWDNKLU

3HQWLQJQ\DNRQWURODQJLRJHQHVLVVHEDJDL PHGDQ WDQWDQJDQ DQDWRPLVILVLRORJLV EDJL SHUHND\DVD MDULQJDQ 2OHK VHEDE LWXODK WLGDN VDODK ELOD 3HWHU-RKQVRQ GDQ $QWRQLRV 0LNRVNHGXDQ\DHGLWRUMXUQDOWHUNHQDO7LVVXH (QJLQHHULQJDNKLUQ\DPHPLOLK$QJLRJHQHVLV


(3)

,.$'(:,$1$(5(6(16,

VHEDJDLVHULDOSHUWDPDGDODPVXDWXVHULDOEXNX

WHQWDQJ SHUNHPEDQJDQ PXWDNKLU UHND\DVD MDULQJDQ $UWLNHODUWLNHO \DQJ GLPXDW GDODP EXNX LQL PHUXSDNDQ DUWLNHO WHUSLOLK WHUNDLW DQJLRJHQHVLVGDODPGXQLDUHND\DVDMDULQJDQ \DQJWHUELWGLMXUQDO7LVVXH(QJLQHHULQJVHMDN KLQJJD 7HNQLN SHPLOLKDQ DUWLNHO GLODNXNDQ DJDU PDPSX PHQJJDPEDUNDQ VHFDUD PHQ\HOXUXK SHUNHPEDQJDQ \DQJ PHQ\DQJNXWSULQVLSGDVDUGDQWHNQRORJLQ\D

7DPSDNQ\DEXNXLQLFXNXSUHSUHVHQWDWLI XQWXNPHQHODDKVHFDUDFHSDWSHUNHPEDQJDQ UHND\DVD MDULQJDQ GDODP NDLWDQQ\D GHQJDQ DVSHN DQJLRJHQHVLV -RKQVRQ GDQ 0LNRV VHSHUWLQ\D WHODK PHPLODK DUWLNHODUWLNHO WHUVHEXWEHUGDVDUNDQLQGHNVVLWDVLSDGDDUWLNHO GDQ GLVWULEXVL JHRJUDILV VHKLQJJD PDPSX PHUDQJNXP SHUNHPEDQJDQ SHQHOLWLDQ GL EHUEDJDLEHODKDQGXQLDGHQJDQFXNXSEDLN

-RKQVRQGDQ0LNRVMXJDWHODKPHQ\XVXQ DUWLNHODUWLNHO \DQJ GLWHUELWNDQ GHQJDQ XUXWDQ\DQJEDLNPXODLGDULDQJLRJHQHVLVGDQ NDLWDQQ\DGHQJDQWHNDQDQPHNDQLVEHUDQMDN NHSHUDQREDWGDQIDNWRUIDNWRUSHUWXPEXKDQ GDODP PHUDQJVDQJ PHPRGXODVL GDQ PHPEORNDQJLRJHQHVLVEHUDQMDNODJLNHWHNQLN NRNXOWXUVHOGDQVHOSXQFDGDODPPHNDQLVPH NRQWURODQJLRJHQHVLV%XNXLQLMXJDPHPXDW SHQHOLWLDQ \DQJ WHUNDLW GHQJDQ HNVSHULPHQ \DQJ PHQJJDPEDUNDQ NHEHUKDVLODQ IRUPDVL SHPEXOXK PLNUR GDQ PDNUR VHFDUDLQ YLWUR PHVNLSXQ GDODP SHQHOLWLDQ WHUVHEXW WDPSDN EDKZD SHUWXPEXKDQ MDULQJDQ GHQJDQ NRQHNVLRSWLPDOVHSHUWLDVOLQ\DPDVLKPHQMDGL WDQWDQJDQXWDPD

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

6,038/$1

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