Institutional Repository | Satya Wacana Christian University: Exploring Pauses in Students' Oral Presentation in Public Speaking Class
EXPLORING PAUSES IN STUDENTS‟ ORAL PRESENTATION IN PUBLIC SPEAKING
CLASS
Exploring Pauses in Students’ Oral Presentation
in Public Speaking Class
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Christian Ade Chandra
112007089
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
SALATIGA
2012
EXPLORING PAUSES IN STUDENTS‟ ORAL PRESENTATION IN PUBLIC SPEAKING
CLASS
Exploring Pauses in Students’ Oral Presentation
in Public Speaking Class
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Christian Ade Chandra
Approved by:
Christian Rudianto, M. Appling
Christine Manara, M.A. ELT
Supervisor
Examiner
ii
EXPLORING PAUSES IN STUDENTS‟ ORAL PRESENTATION IN PUBLIC SPEAKING
CLASS
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT
This thesis contains no such material as has been submitted for examination in any course or
accepted for the fulfillment of any degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my
knowledge and my belief, this contains no material previously published or written by any other
person except where due reference is made in the text.
Copyright@ 2012. Christian Ade Chandra and Christian Rudianto, M. Appling.
All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced by any means without the
permission of at least one of the copyright owners or the English Department, Faculty of
Language and Literature, Satya Wacana University, Salatiga.
Christian Ade Chandra:
iii
EXPLORING PAUSES IN STUDENTS‟ ORAL PRESENTATION IN PUBLIC SPEAKING
CLASS
PUBLICATION AGREEMENT DECLARATION
As a member of the (SWCU) Satya Wacana Christian University academic community, I
verify that:
Name:
Student ID Number:
Study Program:
Faculty:
Kind of Work:
Christian Ade Chandra
112007089
English Department
Language and Literature
Undergraduate Thesis
In developing my knowledge, I agree to provide SWCU with a non-exclusive royalty free right
for my intellectual property and the contents therein entitled:
Exploring Pauses in Students‟ Oral Presentation in Public Speaking Class
along with any pertinent equipment.
With this non-exclusive royalty free right, SWCU maintains the right to copy, reproduce, print,
publish, post, display, incorporate, store in or scan into a retrieval system or database, transmit,
broadcast, barter or sell my intellectual property, in whole or in part without my express written
permission, as long as my name is still included as the writer.
This declaration is made according to the best of my knowledge.
Made in
: Salatiga
Date
: February 3rd 2012
Verified by signee,
Christian Ade Chandra
Approved by
Thesis Supervisor
Thesis Examiner
Christian Rudianto, M.Appling
Christine Manara, M.A. ELT
iv
EXPLORING PAUSES IN STUDENTS‟ ORAL PRESENTATION IN PUBLIC SPEAKING
CLASS
Exploring Pauses in Students’ Oral Presentation
in Public Speaking Class
Christian Ade Chandra
Abstract
Communicative language abilities consist of linguistic competence, pragmatic competence,
discourse competence, strategic competence, and fluency. Pauses production which becomes one
of fluency indicators can help presenters to think about what they are going to say next. Besides,
pauses can also help the audience to digest what presenters are saying and have said. Pauses are
categorized into two types: filled and unfilled pauses (Tiffany and Carrel, 1987). Pauses
production can be caused by the lack of preparation and practice, negative feeling toward the
topic, time constraint, the awareness of being evaluated, and so forth. This study investigated
what types of pauses the respondents produced when performing a formal speech and what
caused the pauses. The respondents were four university students enrolled in public speaking
class. This study collected the data on pauses and their causes through the classroom observation
and interview. This qualitative study found that all respondents produced filled and unfilled
pauses. Besides, this study found several causes of the respondents‟ pauses: the lack of
preparation or practice, awareness of being watched, mispronouncing words, the process of
translating the respondents‟ first language to English, the turn of presentation, high expectation
from the lecturer, and high dependency on a script and noisy situation in the classroom. Nonlanguage factors affect speaking fluency more than language mastery does.
Key Words: pauses and formal speech
1
CLASS
Exploring Pauses in Students’ Oral Presentation
in Public Speaking Class
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Christian Ade Chandra
112007089
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
SALATIGA
2012
EXPLORING PAUSES IN STUDENTS‟ ORAL PRESENTATION IN PUBLIC SPEAKING
CLASS
Exploring Pauses in Students’ Oral Presentation
in Public Speaking Class
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
Christian Ade Chandra
Approved by:
Christian Rudianto, M. Appling
Christine Manara, M.A. ELT
Supervisor
Examiner
ii
EXPLORING PAUSES IN STUDENTS‟ ORAL PRESENTATION IN PUBLIC SPEAKING
CLASS
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT
This thesis contains no such material as has been submitted for examination in any course or
accepted for the fulfillment of any degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my
knowledge and my belief, this contains no material previously published or written by any other
person except where due reference is made in the text.
Copyright@ 2012. Christian Ade Chandra and Christian Rudianto, M. Appling.
All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced by any means without the
permission of at least one of the copyright owners or the English Department, Faculty of
Language and Literature, Satya Wacana University, Salatiga.
Christian Ade Chandra:
iii
EXPLORING PAUSES IN STUDENTS‟ ORAL PRESENTATION IN PUBLIC SPEAKING
CLASS
PUBLICATION AGREEMENT DECLARATION
As a member of the (SWCU) Satya Wacana Christian University academic community, I
verify that:
Name:
Student ID Number:
Study Program:
Faculty:
Kind of Work:
Christian Ade Chandra
112007089
English Department
Language and Literature
Undergraduate Thesis
In developing my knowledge, I agree to provide SWCU with a non-exclusive royalty free right
for my intellectual property and the contents therein entitled:
Exploring Pauses in Students‟ Oral Presentation in Public Speaking Class
along with any pertinent equipment.
With this non-exclusive royalty free right, SWCU maintains the right to copy, reproduce, print,
publish, post, display, incorporate, store in or scan into a retrieval system or database, transmit,
broadcast, barter or sell my intellectual property, in whole or in part without my express written
permission, as long as my name is still included as the writer.
This declaration is made according to the best of my knowledge.
Made in
: Salatiga
Date
: February 3rd 2012
Verified by signee,
Christian Ade Chandra
Approved by
Thesis Supervisor
Thesis Examiner
Christian Rudianto, M.Appling
Christine Manara, M.A. ELT
iv
EXPLORING PAUSES IN STUDENTS‟ ORAL PRESENTATION IN PUBLIC SPEAKING
CLASS
Exploring Pauses in Students’ Oral Presentation
in Public Speaking Class
Christian Ade Chandra
Abstract
Communicative language abilities consist of linguistic competence, pragmatic competence,
discourse competence, strategic competence, and fluency. Pauses production which becomes one
of fluency indicators can help presenters to think about what they are going to say next. Besides,
pauses can also help the audience to digest what presenters are saying and have said. Pauses are
categorized into two types: filled and unfilled pauses (Tiffany and Carrel, 1987). Pauses
production can be caused by the lack of preparation and practice, negative feeling toward the
topic, time constraint, the awareness of being evaluated, and so forth. This study investigated
what types of pauses the respondents produced when performing a formal speech and what
caused the pauses. The respondents were four university students enrolled in public speaking
class. This study collected the data on pauses and their causes through the classroom observation
and interview. This qualitative study found that all respondents produced filled and unfilled
pauses. Besides, this study found several causes of the respondents‟ pauses: the lack of
preparation or practice, awareness of being watched, mispronouncing words, the process of
translating the respondents‟ first language to English, the turn of presentation, high expectation
from the lecturer, and high dependency on a script and noisy situation in the classroom. Nonlanguage factors affect speaking fluency more than language mastery does.
Key Words: pauses and formal speech
1