Cooperative Diversity Pathsselection Protocol Withmulti- Objective Criterion In Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks.

 

 

 

Research India Publications
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research
(IJAER)
Editorial Board Members
Zaki  Ahmad,  Department  of  Mechanical  Engineering,  KFUPM,Box  #  1748,
Dhaharan 31261 Saudi Arabia 
Area  of  research/interest:  Advanced  Materials,  Corrosion  and  Corrosion
protection of materials, Surface Engineering.

 

Rajeev Ahuja,  Physics  Department,Uppsala  University,Box  530,  751  21  Uppsala
Sweden
Area  of  research/interest:  Computational  Materials  Science,  Electronic
Materials,Spintronics, High pressure, Dynamics, Melting.

 

Shigeru Aoki, Department of Mechancial Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan College

of Technology, 1­10­40 Higashi­Ohi, Shinagawa­ku, Tokyo 140­0011, Japan

Area  of  research/interest:  Random  vibration,  Seismic  response  of  mechanical
system,Approximate analysis of nonlinear vibration, Utilization of vibraion.

 

Osama  Badr,  Mechanical  Engineering  Department,  Qatar  University,  P.O.  Box
2713, Doha,Qatar

 

Sayavur  I.  Bakhtiyarov,  New  Mexico  Institute  of  Mining  and  Technology,
MechanicalEngineering  Department,  122  Weir  Hall,  801  Leroy  Place,  Socorro,  NM
87801­4796, USA

Area  of  research/interest:  non­Newtonian  fluid  mechanics,  heat  and  mass
transfer,rheology, metalcasting, materials processing, multiphase flows.

 

Fatma  Abou­Chadi,  Head  of  the  Dept.  of  Electronics  and  Communications
Engineering,Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Egypt

 

Ching­Yao Chen,  Dept.  of  Mechanical  Engineering,  National  Yunlin  University  of
Science & Technology,University Road, Touliu, Yunlin, Taiwan, 640 R.O.C.

 

Area  of  research/interest:  Biofluid  mechanics,  thermo­fluid  mechanics,
Magnetic fluids, Computational fluid dynamics.

 

G.Q.  Chen,  Department  of  Mechanics  and  Engineering  science,  Peking
University,Beijing  100871,China  CFD(Computational  fluid  dynamics),energy  and
resources engineering, and systems ecology.

 

B.T.F. Chung, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron,

Ohio 44325, USA
Area of research/interest: Heat Transfer with Phase Changes, Optimum Design
of Extended Surfaces, Radiative Heat Transfer System, Heat Transfer in Polymers.

 

Tariq Darabseh, Mechanical Engineering Department, JUST P.O. Box 3030 Irbid­
22110 Jordan 

 

Nihad  Dib,  Electrical  Engineering  Department  JUSTP.  O.  Boc  3030,  Irbid  22110

Jordan
Area of research/interest: Computational Electromagnetics, Microwave Circuits,
Antennas.

 

Marcelo J.S. De Lemos, Departamento de Energia ­ IEME, Instituto Tecnologico
deAeronautica ­ ITA, 12228­900 Sao Jose dos Campos ­ S.P. ­ Brazil .
Area  of  research/interest:  Turbulence  Modeling,  Porous  Media,  Combustion  in
Porous Media, Numerical Methods, Finite Volume.

 

Mohammed  Salifu,  Associate  Professor  of  Transport  Engineering  &  Head
Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil and Geomatic Engineering College

of  Engineering  Kwame  Nkrumah  University  of  Science  and  Technology  (KNUST)
University, Post Office Kumasi, GHANA

 

Dimitris Drikakis, Head of Aerospace Sciences Department, Cranfield University,
School of Engineering, Cranfield, Befordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
Area  of  research/interest:  Computational  Fluid  Dynamics,  Aerodynamics,
Turbulence  Gas  dynamics,  omputational  Nanotechnology,  Microflows  Biofluid
Mechanics, Transport Phenomena.

 

M.R.  Eslami,  Department  of  Mechanical  Engineering,  Amirkabir  University  of
Technology, Hafez Ave. Tehran, 15914 Iran

Area of research/interest: thermoelasticity, plasticity, cyclic loading,  structural
instability, buckling.

 

A.S. Al­Harthy,  Department  of  Civil,  Surveying  and  Environmental  Engineering,

University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia.

Area  of  research/interest:  Concrete  material  and  durability,  Recycling
construction materials, reliability assessment of structures. 

 

F.  Hayati,  Dean,  Faculty  of  engineering,  Ajman  university  of  Science  &
Technology Network, Ajman, UAE

 

Annette  Bussmann­Holder,  Max­Planck­Institute  for  Solid  State  Research,
Heisenbergstr. 1, D­70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Area of research/interest:  general  solid  state  physics  theory  and  experiment,
Emphasis, Superconductivity, ferroelectricity, nonlinear phenomena, organics

 

Naser  S.  Al­Huniti,  Mechanical  Engineering  Department,  University  of  Jordan,
Amman 11942, JORDAN 

 

M.A.K.  Jaradat,  Department  of  Mechanical  Engineering,  Jordan
University of Science &Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
 
S.Z.  Kassab,  Mechanical  Engineering  Department,  Faculty  of  Engineering,
Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544 Egypt,

Area  of  Interest  :  Experimental  Fluid  Mechanics,Lubrication,  Energy,
Environment and Pollution.

 

M.Y. Khalil,  Nuclear  Engineering  Department,  Faculty  of  Engineering,  Alexandria
University, Alexandria 21544 Egypt

Area  of  research/interest:  Radiation  measurements  and  applications,  Nuclear
materials,Nuclear waste management, and radiation damage.

 

Bashar  El­Khasawneh,  Chairman,  Industrial  Engineering  Department,  JUST,
 P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110 Jordan 
Area of research/interest: Design  process  and  manufacturing­related  sciences
and processes, advanced and parallel kinematics machine tools and mechanisms.

 

Y.A. Khulief, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KFUPM Box 1767,  Dhahran,
31261, KSA 
Area  of  research/interest:  Dynamic  modeling  and  analysis  of  multibody
systems  with  interconnected  rigid  and  elastic  Components,  Dynamics  of  impact
and  intermittent  motion,  FEM  dynamic  response  analysis  of  rotating  beams  &
shafts.

 

Kazuhiko  Kudo,  Laboratory  of  Micro­Energy  Systems,  Division  of  Human

Mechanical  Systems  and  Design,  Graduate  School  of  Engineering,  Hokkaido
University, Japan
Area  of  research/interest:  Radiative  heat  transfer  analysis,  transient  analysis
on surface tension.

 

A.  A.  Mohamad,  Director  of  Graduate  Studies,  Dept.  of  Mechanical  and
Manufacturing Engineering,
Area of research/interest:  Fluid  Flow,  Heat  and  Mass  Transfer,  Computational
fluid dynamics, computational methods, Porous media, Lattice Botlzmann Method,
Molecular Dynamics simulations, Modeling. Multi­phase flows.
 
A.  A.  Mowlavi,  Physics  Department,  School  of  Sciences,Tarbiat  Moallem
University of Sabzever;P.O. box 397,Sabzevar, Iran.

Area of research/interest: Nuclear and Medical Physics.

 

Ihab  Obaidat,  Department  of  Physics,  UAE  University,  PO  Box  17551,  Al­Ain,
UAE 
Area 

of 

research/interest: 

semiconductor 

band 

engineering 

and

semiconductor   interfaces.

 

H.M.  Omar,  Department  of  Aerospace  Engineering,  KFUPM,  P.O.  Box  #  1794,
Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia 

Area of research/interest:  Dynamics  and  Control  of  Flight  Vehicles,  Guidance,

Industrial  and  Applied  Control,  Active  Vibration  Control,  Intelligent  Control
Systems, and Flight Structure.

 

K.K. Pathak, Scientist & Advisor, Computer Simulation & Design Group,Advanced

Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR), Bhopal 462026 (MP) INDIA
Area of research/interest: Computational solid mechanics, metal forming

and  casting  simulations,  structural  shape  optimization,  artificial  intelligence
techniques.

 

Huihe QIU,  Department  of  Mechanical  Engineering,The  Hong  Kong  University  of
Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong
Area  of  research/Interest:  Transport  phenomena  in  microscale  multiphase
flows,mciro sensors and actuators, optical diagnostics and instrumentation.

 

K.  R.  Rajagopal,  Forsyth  Chair  Professor,  Department  of  Mechanical
Engineering,Texas  A&M  University,  3123  TAMU,  College  Station  TX  77843­3123,
U.S.A

 

D.  Ramkrishna,  Associate  Head  School  of  Chemical  Engineering,  Purdue
University, IN 47907­2100 USA

Area of research/Interest: application of mathematics to solving problems in
chemical and biochemical reaction engineering. 

 

Allan Runstedtler, Natural Resources Canada, CANMET Energy TechnologyCentre
­ Ottawa, 1 Haanel Drive Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1M1 Canada Thermal radiation heat
transfer,  Computational  Fluid  Dynamics  modeling  of  combustion,  Design  of

combustion and heat transfer systems.

 

Ismail  Shahin,  Electrical  and  Computer  Engineering  Department,  University  of
Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Area of research/Interest:

 

Ashraf  Shikdar,  Department  of  Mechanical  &  Industrial  Engineering,  S.Q.
University,P.O  Box 33, Al­Khod 123 Oman 
Area of research/Interest:  Ergonomics/  Human  Factors,  Worker  performance,
Occupational Health and Safety.

 

S.A. Soliman,  Electrical  Engineering  Department,  University  of  Qatar,  P.  O.  Box
2713 Doha Qatar
Area  of  research/Interest:  Applications  of  State  Estimation  to  Electric  Power
Systems,  Fuzzy  and  Neural  System  Applications  to  Electric  Power  Systems,
Reactive Power Control.

 

Jinho  Song,  Thermal­hydraulics  and  Reactor  Safety  Research  Division,  Korea

Atomic  Energy  Research  Institute,  P.O.  Box,  105,  Yusong,  Taejon  ,  305­600,
Korea
Area  of  research/Interest:  Multi­phase  fluid  mechanics  and  heat  transfer,
nuclear reactor safety, and power plant operation and design.

 

H.H. El­Tamaly, Chairman of electrical engineering Dept.,Faculty of Engineering,
Elminia University, Egypt.

Area  of  research/Interest:  Electrical  power  engineering,  Photovoltaic  systems,
wind energy systems, power electronics. 
 
Bassam A.  Abu­Nabah,  Department  of  Aerospace  Engineering  and  Engineering
Mechanics, College of Engineering, The University of Cincinnati, USA
Area  of  interest:  Applied  Mechanics,  Non­Destructive  Testing  Techniques,
 Residual Stresses.
 
B.M. Vaglieco, Istituto Motori, via G.Marconi, 8­80125­ NaplesItaly
Area  of  research/Interest:  Combustion  process  and  pollutant  formation  in
internal combustion engines and combustion diagnostics by optical techniques

 

Dimitri V. Val, Dept. of Structural Engineering and Const. Manag., Faculty of  Civil
and  Environmental  Engineering,  Technion  ­  Israel  Institute  of  Technology,    Haifa
32000, Israel
Area  of  research/Interest:  structural  safety  and  reliability;  analysis,  design,
and  assessment  of  reinforced  concrete  and  steel  structures;  probabilistic  risk
assessment and management.

 

Guo­Xiang  Wang,  Department  of  Mechanical  Engineering,  The  University  of

Akron, AkronOH 44325­3903 USA
Area 

of 

research/Interest: 

Heat 

and 

Mass 

Transfer, 

Materials

Processing,Solidification Theory and Application.

 

Huimin  Xie,  Dept.  of  Engineering  Mechanics,  Tsinghua  University,  100084
Beijing, China
Area of research/Interest: Experimental Mechanics, optical metrology.

 

Mohamed Younes,  Mechanical  Engineering  Department,  Faculty  of  Engineering,
UAE University, P.O. Box 17555, Al­Ain, UAE 
Area  of  research/Interest:  Internal  Combustion  Engines  Fuels,  Internal
Combustion Engines Cooling, CFD Simulation of Internal Combustion Engines.

 

Ahmed  Sahin,  Professor  of  Mechanical  Engineering  King  Fahd  University  of
Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia

 

Samir Medik, Associate Professor Mechanical Engineering Department King  Fahd
University of Petroleum and Minerals PO Box 155, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
Meamer  El  Nakla,  Mechanical  Engineering  Department  King  Fahd  University  of
Petroleum and Minerals  P.O. Box 323, Dhahran 31261, KSA

 

Adel  Taha  Mohamed  Abbas,  Associate  Professor  of  Computer  Aided  Design  &
Manufacturing    Mechanical  Engineering  Department,  College  of  Engineering  King
Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 11421,

 

Wan  Aizan  Wan  Abd  Rahman,  Associate  Prof.  Department  of  Polymer

Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

 
Prof Dr Zulkifli Yusop, Dean of Research Water Research Alliance UTM,  Skudai,
Johor, Malaysia 

 

Tachtouch Bourhan, Department of Thermofluid Science. King Fahd University of

Petroleum and Minerals. Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia

 

Abdul  Razak  Rehmat,  Associate  Prof.  Department  of  Polymer  Engineering  ,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia ,Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

 

M. A. Habib, Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department,King Fahd  University
of Petroleum and Minerals.Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.

 

Fahd A. Alturki, Dean  of  College  of  Engineering  (Majmaah  University)  Associate
Professor  of  Intelligent  Systems  And  Control  Engineering  King  Saud  University  P.
O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia

 

Prof. Abdullah  M.  Al­Shaalan,  EE  department  College  of  Engineering  P.O.  Box
800 King Saud University  Riyadh­11421 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

 

Mir Iqbal Faheem , Professor  &  Head  Dept.  of  Civil  Engineering  Deccan College
of  Engineering  &  Technology  Darussalam,  Near  Nampally  Hyderabad  (AP)500001
India
M.  Venkata  Ramana  ,  Microscopy  and  Nano  Tech  Laboratory  Dept.  of

Metallurgical  and  Materials  Engineering  Indian  Institute  of  Technology  Madras
Chennai 600 036, India

 

Srinivas ManthaDean ­ School of Engineering & Technology and Professor ­ ECE

Department,  Centurion  University  of  Technology  and  Management,  R.  Sitapur,
Uppalada, Paralakhemundi, Gajapati Dist, Orissa. 761 211 India.

 

Damodar  Maity,  Civil  Engineering  Department  Indian  Institute  of  Technology
Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology,
Kharagpur, West Bengal, India ­ 721302.  West Bengal Kharagpur  721302  India 
Area  of  research/Interest:Damage  Assessment  of  Structures;  Seismic
Resistant  of  Structures;  Fluid­Structure  Interaction;  Sloshing;  Concrete  Gravity
Dam.

 

Sellakkutti  Rajendran,  School  of  Mechanical  and  Aerospace  Engineering,

Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Avenue, Singapore

Area  of  Interest:  Finite  Element  Method,  Meshless  Method,  FE­Meshree
Methods,Mechanical Vibrations

 

Giriprasath  Gururajan,  Bartlesville  Technology  Center,ConocoPhillips  Company
Oklahoma, Bartlesville, USA.
Area  of  Interest:  Polymer,  Vibrational  Spectroscopy,  Electrospinning,  Polymer
 characterization.

 

Ram Shanmugam, School  of  Health  Administration  Texas  State  University  ­San

Marcos University Drive, San marcos, TX 78666, USA.
 
Mohammad  Luqman,  Chemical  Engineering  Department  King  Saud  University
Chemical Engineering Department, Riyadh,  Saudi Arabia
Area  of  Interest:  Polymer  Nanocomposites  ,Polymer/Plastic,  Ionomers,
Nanocomposites,  Blends,  Water  Treatment,  Plasticizers,  Additives,  Electroactive
Materials,  Smart  Materials,  Fuel  Cell,  Lithium  Ion  Battery,  Sensors,  Actuators,
Artificial Muscles, Membranes, Conducting Polymer, Biocompatible,Drug Delivery.
 
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chee­Ming Chan, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti
Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
Area  of  Interest:  Sustainable  Development,  Soils,  Foundations,  Geomaterials,
Ground Improvement, Engineering Education, Leadership, Higher Education
 
Dr.  P.  Rathish  Kumar,  Civil  Engineering  Department,  National  Institute  of
Technology (NIT) Warangal­506 004, Andhra Pradesh, India
Area  of  Interest:  Alternate/New  Building  Materials,  Recycling  of  concrete,  Self
Compacting  Concrete,  Structural  Dynamics,  Earthquake  Engineering,  Structural
Health Monitoring, Ferrocement and Fibrous Concretes.
 
Mohammad  Valipour,  Department  of  Irrigation  and  Drainage  Engineering,
College of Abureyhan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran­1675755936
Area  of  Interest:  Surface  and  pressurized  irrigation,  Drainage  engineering,
Relationship  between  energy  and  environment  Agricultural  water  management,
Mathematical  and  computer  modeling  and  optimization  Water  resources,
Hydrology,  Hydrogeology,  Hydrometeorology,  Hydro  informatics,  Hydrodynamic
Hydraulic, Fluid mechanics, Heat transfer in soil media
 
Prof. Swapnadip De, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
(ECE), Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology, Nazirabad, East Kolkata Township,
West Bengal, India.
Area of Interest: VLSI,Microelectronics,Device Physics.
 
Dr. K.B. Jayarraman,  Computer  science  &  engineering  Deptt.,  Professor  /  head
of  the  Deparment,  Manakula  Vinayagar  Institute  of  Technology,
Kalitheerthalkuppam, Madagadipet, Puducherry, India
Area of Interest: Neural Networks, Image Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Data
Mining & Data Warehousing, Computer Networks
 
Dr.  Kishorereddy,  Associate  Prof.  Electrical  Engineering,  Adama  Science  &
Technology  University,  Narayanapuram  (v&p),  Sathupally  (MD),  Khammam  (DT),
Andhra Pradesh, India
Area of Interest: electronics and communication, vlsi design, signal processing
 
Dr.  Najm  Obaid  Salim  Alghazali,  Department  of  Civil  Engineering,  Babylon
University, Hilla, Babylon, Iraq
Area  of  Interest:  Hydraulic  Structures,  Hydraulics,  Engineering  Hydrology,
Groundwater  Hydrology,  Dams  Engineering  (Concrete,  Earth,  etc.),  Water
Resources  Statistics,  Dimensional  Analysis,  Hydraulics  Modeling,  Seepage  under
Hydraulic  Structures,  Water  Storage  Tanks,  Simulation  and  Modeling,  Irrigation,
Optimization, General Water Resources Engineering, Numerical Methods and Finite
Elements in Civil Engineering.
 
Dr. Shrikant Tiwari, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering  &  Technology  (FET),  Shri  Shankaracharya  Technical  Campus,  Block
No.  15/B,  Street  No.  29,  Sector­07,  Bhilai  Nagar,  City:  Bhilai,  District:  Durg,
Chattisgrah, India
Area  of  Interest:  Biometrics,  Image  Processing,  Computer  Vision,  Computer
Graphics, Pattern Recognition
 
R.  Manikandan,  Department  of  ICT,  School  of  Computing,  SASTRA  Universtiy,

Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
Area  of  Interest:  Data  Mining,VLSI  Physical  Design,Computer  Networks,
Embedded systems. 
 
Sushant  K.  Singh,  Doctoral  Assistant,  Earth  and  Environmental  Studies
Department,  Montclair  State  University,  New  Jersey,  USA,  1  Normal  Avenue,
Montclair State University , 358N ML, Montclair, 07043, New Jersey, USA
Area  of  Interest:  Environmental  pollution,  Environmental  management,
Environmental  toxicology,  Environmental  decision­making,  Environmental  policy,
Waste management, and Sustainability Science.
 
Dr  Umashankar  S,  School  of  Electrical  Engineering,  VIT  University,  Vellore,
Tamilnadu, India
Area  of  Interest:  Power  electronics  applications  in  wind  and  solar  energy,
electrical drives and control, smart grid and power quality
 
R.  Manikandan,  ICT  Department,  School  of  Computing,SASTRA  Universtiy,
Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
Area  of  Interest:  Data  Mining,VLSI  Physical  Design,Computer  Networks,
Embedded systems
 
 
 

 

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                      International Journal of Applied Engineering
Research (IJAER)

 
 

Volume 9, Number 23  (2014)  
 
 

CONTENTS
 

CBACCN: Constraint Based Community discovery Complex Networks
pp. 18115­18127
Soumita Seth , Debnath Bhattacharyya, Tai­hoon Kim
Association Itemsets Discovery Considering Strategic Importance: WAARM
pp. 18129­18139
Jin Gyu Shin, Doug Won Choi
Electronic Resource Management using Cloud Computing for Libraries
pp. 18141­18147
R.S.M. Lakshmi Patibandla and K. Santhi Sri
The Effect of Creativity Education in Korean ‘Model Schools’ on Creativity
pp. 18149­18158
Kyung­hwa Lee, Kyoung­hoon Lew
A Study on Optimization Algorithm for Data Driven Architectural Design
pp. 18159­18166
Jin Ho Park  And Woo­Hyoung Lee
Development of Standard  Work  Process  Model  for  Defect  Consulting  onKorea  Apartment
Housing
pp. 18167­18174
Junmo Park Woo­Hyoung Lee
Study on the bearing capacity of waveform Micropile using jet grouting method
pp. 18175­18182
Young­Eun Jang
A Study on the Maintenance Direction of Waterfront for Urban Regeneration: Focused on
Urban­Rehabilitation Strategies and Planning Factor
pp. 18183­18190
Won Chul Lee
Analysis  of  the  current  state  in  order  to  maintain  the  function  of  the  communication
buildings for maintaining function in emergency
pp. 18191­18198
Gyeongmok Nam
Explicit Reanalysis Approach due to Modification of Structural Members
pp. 18199­18206
Hee­Chang Eun,Young­Jun Ahn,Seung­Guk Lee,In­Baik Lee
Comparison  of  Ultrasonographic  Architectural  Properties  of  Muscles  and  Balance  Ability
Based on the Spasticity of Chronic Stroke Patients

 

pp. 18207­18214
Tae­Gon Kim,Gi­Do Kim,Chan­Hun Choi,Kyung­Yoon Kim
Applicable Natural Staining by Sophora japonica L.and Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht 
pp. 18215­18222
Suk­Yul Jung and Su­Youn Park
Algorithm for Reduction of System Order using Fast Rationalized Haar Transforms in Time
Domain
pp. 18223­18230
Joon­Hoon Park
Simplification  of  High  Order  Transfer  Function  using  General  Block  Pulse  Functions
andTransforms in Frequency Domain
pp. 18231­18239
Joon­Hoon Park,Ryum­DuckOh
The  Effect  of  Theme  Based  STEAM  Activity  Programs  on  Self  Efficacy,Scientific  Attitude,
and Interest in Scientific Learning
pp. 18241­18246
Young­Tae Kong, Sun­Chen Huh, Hui­Ju Hwang
The Implementation of STEAM Program about Pollution in Senior High School
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Young­Tae Kong
Structural Analysis of Class Satisfaction by Internet Protocol TV
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Hyunwook Kim and Joungmin Km
Acoustic  Echo  Cancellation  Techniques  for  Far­End  Telephony  Speech  Recognition  in
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JongHanJoo,Jung Hoon Lee,Young Sun Kim, Seung Ho Choi(Corresponding author),Se Jin
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Constructing an Advanced Selection Mechanism in Evolutionary Optimization
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Don­Kyu Lee, Chang­Wook Han
Study on Finding Hidden Pet Game for Children Using Motion Cognition Technology
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Hyun Yi Jung,Hyunggi Kim
Farming related Symptoms among Korean Farmers and their Quality of Life
pp. 18289­18294
Myoung­Hee Kim
One­hand texting usability with iPhone 5 Touch­screen keyboard vertical position
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Calvin Jeongheon Lee,Hye Jin Kum,Hyoung­taek Lim,Frank Biocca
A Study of the Antenna Design for a 2.4Ghz/5Ghz Dual Band Wireless Communication
pp. 18303­18308
Sun­Yeob Kim, Jae­Wan Park, and Jung­Chul Lee

PSO Based Automatic Tuning of Relevant Tuning Parameters For Model Predictive Control
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S.Sivananaithaperumal,S.Sivananaithaperumal
Modified  Firefly  Algorithm  For  Selective  Harmonic  Elimination  In  Single  Phase  Matrix
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P.Subha Karuvelam, Dr.M.Rajaram
An Efficient  Method  To  Automatic  Intelligent  Based  Search  Engine  In  Health  Care  Cloud
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R.Kavitha, R.Nedunchelian
Ethical Reckoning Among Teen Populace
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Spot  Selection  Technique  Based  Adhoc  on  Demand  Distance  Vector  Routing  (SSRP)  For
Qos Improvement In MANET Using Mobility Traces
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G.Kavitha,Dr.J.Sundararajan,
Network Performance Improvement Using Fuzzy Genetic Based Aodv
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Implementation of Power Restoration Using Q­Algorithm In JADE
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Anisha. K, Rathina Kumar.K
Cooperative  Diversity  Pathsselection  Protocol  Withmulti­Objective  Criterion  In  Wireless
Ad­Hoc Networks
pp. 22395­22407
Nyoman Gunantara, Nyoman Putra Sastra, Gamantyo Hendrantoro
Implementation  of  a  Sensor  Web  Service  for  Environmental  Pollution  Monitoring  using
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M. Bhargava Rama and K. Raghava Rao
Study  of  Tool  Wear  and  Chip  Morphology  in  Turning  Ti­6Al­4V  Alloy  under  Cryogenic
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M. Dhananchezian , M. Pradeep kumar, S. Rajesh
A Detailed Study of Data Replication Techniques in MANET
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Enhancing Security of Modified RSA Algorithm
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Puglia, 

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Design  of  TEDS  using  IEEE  1451.0  standard  for  Sensor  characterization  and  application,
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Modeling  of  Photovoltaic  Switched  Inductor  Z  Source  Multilevel  Inverter  Effective  Of
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A Survey On Test Case Generation From UML State Chart Diagrams
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Real  and  Reactive  Power  Optimization  by  effective  placement  of  various  FACTS
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Detection  and  Prevention  of  Malicious  Nodes  ON  and  OFF  the  Route  in  Wireless  Sensor
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Performance  Improvement  of  Combined  Cycle  (Dual  pressure  HRSG)  Using  Mechanical
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Comparative Analysis On MPPT Algorithms For Standalone PV System
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Routing in Delay Tolerant Network using Ant Colony Optimization
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K. Sabeetha and A. Vincent Antony Kumar
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Cloud  point  extraction  of  Congo  red  dye  from  water  sample  using  Triton  X­114  as
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research
ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 9, Number 23 (2014) pp. 22395-22407
© Research India Publications
http://www.ripublication.com

Cooperative Diversity Pathsselection Protocol WithmultiObjective Criterion In Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks
1

Nyoman Gunantara, 1Nyoman Putra Sastra, 2Gamantyo Hendrantoro
1

Department of Electrical Engineering
Universitas Udayana, Bali
2
Department of Electrical Engineering
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya

Abstract
Relay selection plays a very important role in wireless ad hoc networks.
Wepropose a cooperative diversity protocol as simple and easy to understand
with multi-objective cross-layer criterion by considering the condition of
source-to-destination (S-D) linkand employing amplify-and-forward (AF)
relays. The proposed protocol guarantees full diversity based on scalarization
of the two-objective criterion with root mean square (rms) normalizationto
gain fairness. The two objectivesinclude signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR)
and load variance. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol
giveshigher SNR than a single-objective protocol that does not consider the SD link conditions. The proposed protocol results in an improvement of 3.03
dB in SNR and is likely to result in cooperative diversity configuration
involving two parallel relays. In addition, the load variance achieved by
applying the proposed algorithmindicates more evenly distributed traffic load.
Keywords: relay selection, algorithm protocol, full diversity, amplify and
forward, multi-objective criterio, rms, scalarization, SNR, load variance.

Introduction
Nodes in ad hoc networks having no infrastructure have limitations in terms of
transmission range and battery capacity[1]. To overcome these limitations, cooperative
technique can be adopted. Cooperative communication is a system where the source
nodes cooperate and coordinate with other nodes serving as relays toreach the
destination node. Cooperative communication using a single antenna in multi-node
scenarios can take benefit of the transceiver and antenna system of each node so that it
can create cooperative diversity system, and in a way,adopting the advantages of

22396

Nyoman Gunantara

multi-input multi-output (MIMO) [2] systems. Consequently, cooperative diversity can
improve the transmission quality.
To implement cooperative diversity in wireless ad-hoc networks, it needs protocol
and criteria that must be met in communication from source to destination. For
example, the authors in [3] propose a simple protocol of cooperative diversity for
configuration consisting of source-to-destination and source-relay-destination paths.
With this protocol, problems arise when the signal from the source to destination can
not be received well due to bad quality of the radio link so that the direct transmission
fails. In this case, full diversity can not be achieved and the cooperative system
performance degrades. This problem can be mitigated by checking the performance of
the source-to-destination link prior to the cooperative diversity phase, so that the
system can be enhanced to achieve full diversity, which is explored in our paper.
Relay or path selection in cooperative diversity can be done depending on various
criteria. For instance, path selection in cooperative diversity can be done based on SNR
[4] - [7], outage probability [8] - [10], mutual information [11], and symbol error rate
[12]. However, these papersimplement cooperative diversity using single-objective
criterion. It is thought thatpath selection in cooperative diversity needs to consider a
combination of multiple criteria to achieve multiple goals simultaneously. Our paper
proposes a cooperative diversity protocol with cross-layer multi-objective criterion
involving prediction of the performance from the source to the destination in advance
so that the right decision on the configuration taken can be made and full diversity can
be achieved. Multi-objective criterion used areSNRand load variance. The first are
related to the physical layer, while the second is a network layer problem [13].
Path selection in multi-objective can be achieved by using Pareto and scalarization
methods. Based on the computation time, scalarization method takes less time to
perform simulation compared with Pareto method[14]. Therefore, the completion of a
multi-objective criterion in the protocol of cooperative diversity in this research
appliesscalarization method. In thescalarization method, each objective is weighted
and normalized. Normalization with priorityscale tends to separatethe primary objects
and ignore other objects[15]. In this paper, normalization is made to the root mean
square (rms) to provide fairness among theobjectives.
As previously stated, the best path pair in our study is obtained based on a criterion
consisting of twoobjectives, namely SNRand load variance. SNR values obtained with
proposed algorithm is found to provide improvement of 3.03 dB over the singleobjective protocol proposed in [3]. Our algorithm also guarantees full diversity of the
proposed protocol.
Section II of this paper describes the formulation of the three-objective problem.
Section III describes model of the ad-hoc network and protocols used in our study.
Section IV describes theparameters and simulation results and closed with conclusions
in SectionV.

Formulation of Multi-Objective Criterion
The relay selection isbased on combination of two criteria, namely SNRand traffic load
variances for each possibility of cooperative configurations. The formulation of those

Cooperative Diversity Pathsselection Protocol Withmulti-Objective et.al.

22397

two criteria and scalarization for the combinationis explained below. There are five
possible outcomes of path selection, namely S-D only, S-R-D only, S-D and S-R-D, SR1-D and S-R2-D, and no connection. The possibilities of path selection results can be
seen in Fig. 1.
SNR
If transmission rate is desired, channel capacity of 2 is required for packets sent by
S to be successfully received in D. The requirement can be expressed as follows [16]:
2 ≤

(1 +

,

)

(1)

Equation (1) can also be written as follows:
,

>2

−1

(2)

Figure 1: Possibilities of Path Selection Results
If this condition is not fulfilled then the direct path of S-D is deemed not eligible,
or
,

2 − 1,then the one dualhopprocedure isexecuted. Otherwise, if , < 2 − 1then the two dual-hop procedure
is selected. This process can be seen in AlgorithmI.
Algorithm I: Main program
Begin
S transmit
If , > 2 − 1Then
Procedure one dual-hop
Else If , < 2 − 1 Then
Procedure two dual-hop
End
End
End
If the decision is made that the S-D link quality is good, i.e., , > 2 − 1, the route
of direct transmission and cooperative is formedthroug
1 = [ , ] and

22400

Nyoman Gunantara

( , : ) = [ , , ] for = 1: , ≠ , ≠ . After that, relay selection is done
based on multi-objective criterion in equation (10). The result is either diversity
through
ℎ_
or no diversity through
1. This process can be seen in
Algorithm II.
If the decision is made thatthe S-D quality is not sufficiently good, i.e., , <
( , : ) = [ , , ] for
2 − 1 , then the cooperative route is formed through
= 1: , ≠ , ≠ . After that,the second relay selection is done based on multiobjective criterion in equation (10). The result can be diversity through
ℎ_
, or
no diversity through
_
1, or no connection. This process can be seen in
Algorithm III.
Algorithm II: Procedure one dual-hop
Begin
//decision by , > 2 − 1
//direct route
route1=[S,D]
//cooperative route
For i=1:N, i≠S, i≠D
route(i,:)=[S,I,D];
End
//multi-objective criterion
,

=
,

=

1

−

,

+

,

+1

1

//scalarization of multi-objective criterion
= arg max ⎛

(

)

−

//best 1 relay
If best1relay =1 Then
diversity
Else no_diversity
End
End
//diversity
[y,I]=sort(relay,’descend’)
selected_relay=relay(I(1),:)
path_pairs={[SD] selected_relay1}
//no diversity
route1
End

⎠

Cooperative Diversity Pathsselection Protocol Withmulti-Objective et.al.
Algorithm III: Procedure two dual-hop
Begin
//decision by , < 2 − 1
//cooperative route
Fori=1:N, i≠S, i≠D
route(i,:)=[S,i,D];
End
//multi-objective criterion
,

=
,

=

1

−

,

+

,

+1

1

//scalarization of multi-objective criterion
= arg max ⎛

(

)

−

⎠
//best 2 relays
If best2relays = 2 Then
diversity
Else If best2relay=1 Then
no_diversity
Else
no_connection
End
End
End
//diversity
[y,I]=sort(relay,’descend’)
selected_relay1=relay(I(1),:)
selected_ relay2=relay(I(2),:)
path_pairs={selected_relay1selected_relay2}
//no diversity
selected_relay1
End

22401

22402

Nyoman Gunantara

Numerical Results
Simulation parameters are adopted from the application of WLAN in ad-hoc wireless
networks as shown in Table I. The ad-hoc network model used consists of one source,
one destination, and multiple other nodes that are possible relays. All nodes are in an
open space with an area of 100m×100m. S broadcasts a data packet to D assisted by
other nodes. In this study, 30 nodes are defined each having the same opportunity tobe
a relay.
To simulate load variance calculation, it is assumed that besides the source sending
data to the destination there are five other nodes simultaneously transmit data to
theirrespectivedestinations. As a result, there are some nodes having a better chance to
be a relay because they have relatively lower traffic load. In our example, five pairs of
source and destination nodes use paths 4-12-31, 7-11-25, 10-19-23, 16-12-2, and 2520-6. It is assumed that the sources, namely, node 4, 7, 10, 16, and 25 transmit data
respectively at 3, 8, 7, 2, and 11Mbps. While the other nodes are assumed to have
random load of 2, 7, 12, or 17.

*)

: Power receivedby Dfrom S is calculated by D and then fed
back to S
**) : Computed by each possible relay R and further checked by
S.
***) : Computed from (9). ߛ௦,௥ is calculated by each R and
checked by S, whileߛ௥೔ ,ௗ is calculated by D and checked by
each R.
Figure 2: Flow Chart of Cooperative Diversity Protocol
Fig. 3 illustrates one example of the simulation results. The 'square' signs markthe
source S and destination D under consideration, whereas 'star' indicates that the node
is active or in communication with other nodes, and a 'circle' marks a node.

Cooperative Diversity Pathsselection Protocol Withmulti-Objective et.al.

22403

The optimal relay pair selected in this simulation are (1-19-32) and (1-21-32) with
SNR of 29.47 dB obtained using the proposed protocol was. The SNR obtained from
the single-objective protocolas in the paper [3], which does not consider the condition
of SD,is 27.53 dB, whereas the SNR for S-R-D configuration only is 25.03dB, and that
for S-D only is 13.27dB.Whereasthe load variance is 48.36 Mbps2.The selectedpath
pair can be seen in Fig. 4.

Table 1: Parameters of Simulation
Parameter
Path loss exponent , ∝
Standard
deviation
shadowing,
Power Transmit,
Transmit antenna gain,
Receive antenna gain,
Frequency,
Noise,
Spectral Efficiency,

100

: Value
: 4
of : 8 dB
:
:
:
:
:
:

1W
2 dB
2 dB
2.5 GHz
- 101 dBm
4
Mbps/Hz

27

90

31

80

26

25
19
17

node position (m)

70

28

D

29
30
22
21

60
18

50

23
13

40

10

9

12
7
16
15

14

30

11
3

20

S

10
0

24

20

5

6
8

4
2

0

10

20

30

40
50
60
node position (m)

70

80

90

100

Figure 3: Ad Hoc Network Model
Simulationis performed 1000 times with a random position and load to every node
to determine the distribution of each objective and compareit to the single-objective
algorithm, the direct transmission (S-D) and the dual-hop (S-R-D).
Simulation results are shown in Fig. 5 - 6. The CDF (cumulative distribution
function) of SNR obtained through the cooperative diversity protocol can be seen in

22404

Nyoman Gunantara

Fig. 5. From Fig. 5, it can be explained that the SNR value from the proposed method
(marked "MO" in the figure) ranges from 21.01 to 47.05 dB.For comparison, the SNR
for the single objective protocol not considering to the S-D condition (marked "SO")
ranges from 18.09 to 40 dB.The median difference of SNR between the
proposedmulti-objective and the single-objective algorithm is 3.03 dB.For the S-R-D
path onlyconfiguration, the SNR ranges from10 to 34.01 dB.While for S-D path only,
the SNR ranges from-10 to 23.06 dB with the probability of SNR value above 0 dB
being 88.0 %.These results suggest that the proposed protocol produces the largest
SNR values among the others.
100

27

90

31
26

80

25
17 19

28

D

29
30
22

node position (m)

70
21
60
18

50

23
13

40

10

9

12
7
16
15

14

30

11
3

20

S

10
0

24

20

5

6
8

4
2

0

10

20

30

40
50
60
node position (m)

70

80

90

100

Figure 4: Best Path Pairs
The CDF of load variance from the simulation is given in Fig. 6. The load variance
from the use of the proposed protocol ranges from39.23 to 51.17 Mbps2. As a
comparison, load variancesare also shown for the single-objective protocol and for the
S-D path only configuration. Load variance produced by the single-objective
rangesbetween 38.52and 51.74 Mbps2. While the value of load variance for the case
of S-D path only is fixeddue to the absence of changes in the traffic load on each
node. Fig. 6 shows the value of load variance with the proposed protocol issmaller
than that with the single-objective. It is because the traffic load resulting from the
proposed protocol is more evenlydistributed with the application of multi-objective
criterion than the traffic load of the nodes with a single objective protocol.

Cooperative Diversity Pathsselection Protocol Withmulti-Objective et.al.

Prob[SNR