Overcoming The Difficulties in Telling Stories in English Language For Children of 3 Years Old At Bunny Class in Bintang Mulia Preschool.
ABSTRACT
Berdasarkan pengalaman magang di sekolah Bintang Mulia sebagai
asisten guru di Bunny class, saya memutuskan untuk membahas mengenai
kesulitan saya dalam bercerita menggunakan bahasa Inggris kepada anakanak umur 3 tahun. Oleh karena itu Tugas Akhir ini membahas berbagai
penyebab, dampak masalah, dan beberapa solusi yang saya dapatkan dari
studi pustaka dan pengalaman magang saya.
Ada beberapa penyebab dari masalah tersebut. Pertama adalah saya
tidak memiliki pengalaman dalam bercerita menggunakan bahasa Inggris
kepada anak-anak. Kedua, saya tidak mengetahui bagaimana bercerita
menggunakan bahasa Inggris secara efektif. Ketiga, saya tidak
menggunakan intonasi, ekspresi wajah, dan gerakan pada saat bercerita. Hal
ini berdampak pada saya yaitu saya menjadi sedih karena anak-anak tidak
memperhatikan saya. Kedua, situasi kelas yang menjadi ribut pada saat saya
bercerita. Ketiga, anak-anak tidak mengerti cerita tersebut. Selain itu, saya
juga menganalisa beberapa pilihan solusi yang sesuai dengan permasalahan
saya. Solusi-solusi tersebut juga disertai dengan beberapa dampak positif
dan dampak negatif.
Solusi yang tepat untuk memecahkan masalah yang terjadi pada saat
saya bercerita di Bunny class adalah saya belajar bagaimana bercerita dalam
bahasa Inggris dengan membaca buku dan membaca artikel di internet.
Selain itu, saya melakukan observasi saat mengamati guru yang
berpengalaman bercerita kepada anak-anak dan saya juga berlatih sebelum
bercerita. Pada saat bercerita, saya menggunakan ekspresi wajah, intonasi,
dan gerakan. Selain itu, saya mengulang cerita guna membantu anak-anak
untuk mengingat dan mengerti cerita tersebut.
i
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................i
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY...................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................iv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION......................................................................1-5
A. Background of the Study
B. Identification of the Problem
C. Objectives and Benefits of the Study
D. Description of the Institution
E. Method of the Study
F. Limitation of the Study
G. Organization of the Term Paper
CHAPTER II. PROBLEM ANALYSIS..........................................................6-8
CHAPTER III. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS...................................................9-14
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION...................................................................15-17
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX:
A.
FLOWCHART
iv
Maranatha Christian University
APPENDIX
A. FLOWCHART
Causes:
1. I do not have any experience in telling
stories in English to children.
2. I do not know how to tell English
stories to children effectively.
3. I am not using intonation, facial
expression, and movement during story
telling.
Problem:
I had difficulties in telling
stories in English language
for children of 3 years old
at Bunny class in Bintang
Mulia preschool.
Potential Solution I
Potential Negative effect
1. It takes time for me to observe the
teacher when she is telling the story
Potential Negative effect
1. It takes time to read books
and read from online resources
I observe the other teacher who
often tells stories to children and
I practise for several times
Potential Solution II
I learn how to tell English stories to
children by reading books and
articles from online resources.
Effects:
1. I feel upset when the children do not
paying attention to me
2. The class becomes noisy when I am
telling a story
3. The children do not understand the
story.
Potential Positive effects
1. I learn how to tell the story in an
interesting way.
2. I know some characteristics of the
children.
Potential Positive effect
1. I learn how to deliver the story
effectively to children.
Potential Positive effect
Potential Solution III
Potential Negative effect
1. Some children will be noisy
I use facial expression, some
movements and intonations during
telling story
1. The children will understand
the meaning of the story
Potential Positive effect
Potential Negative effect
1. The children might become
bored to listen to the story several
times.
Potential Solution IV
I have to retell the story
Chosen solutions
1. I learn how to tell English stories for
children by reading books and internet
2. I observe the other teacher who often
tells story to children and I practise for
several times
3. I use facial expression, intonation, and
some movements during telling story
4. I have to retell the story
1. Some children can understand
the story
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
This term paper discusses the use of story telling in teaching English to
children. Story telling to children is a significant part in teaching English.
Wright believes that “Telling and reading stories to children is a central
part of classroom life” (par.1). Therefore, story telling makes children and
teacher have interactions in the class.
Using storytelling for teaching English to children is important for
several reasons. First, story telling can help the children to use their
imagination and also they can understand what the stories are about.
Burgees explains that, “Storytelling allows your child to create images in
his or her imagination. Your child can vividly transport himself or herself
inside the story, becoming the character - or at least picturing the
characters and the scenes how he or she wants to.” (par.9). Second, story
telling is an appropriate technique to teach English to children. Generally,
children
1
Maranatha Christian University
aged 0-5 years old can quickly respond to what they hear or see.
According to Child Psychology it is stated that, during “the “golden age”,
children’s brain develops very rapidly, so any information will be absorbed,
regardless of good or bad”. (par.2). Therefore in this age, the children can
respond and understand quickly by listening to the story in the class.
In terms of story telling, I have had some experiences in teaching
children using stories when I did an internship in Bintang Mulia preschool.
In this school, I did my internship program from 14th July 2010 to 24th
September 2010 as a teacher assistant in Bunny class. This class has 18
children and their average age is 3 years old. When I was teaching them, I
had some difficulties in telling the stories in English to children. I could not
make the children enjoy the story telling. For example, after I asked them
to sit down on the carpet to listen to the stories, 5 minutes later the
children became noisy and many of them played with their friends. In this
case, I became sad and shy because they did not pay attention to me. I
realize that I have difficulties in telling stories to teach English to the
children.
Therefore, in this term paper I would like to analyze how to overcome
the difficulties in telling stories to children in Bunny class. Besides, I will
find out the solutions how to improve story telling to children.
B. Identification of the Problem
Based on my experience during my internship program as a teacher
assistant at Bintang Mulia preschool I propose to analyze:
2
Maranatha Christian University
1. Why did I have difficulties in telling story in English language for
children of 3 years old at Bunny class in Bintang Mulia preschool?
2. How can I improve my skill to deliver story telling to children of 3
years old at Bunny class in Bintang Mulia preschool?
C. Objectives and Benefits of the Study
The objectives of the study are to find out the causes of having
difficulties in telling the stories to children in Bunny class and then to
analyze some possible solutions to solve the problem of telling story in
Bunny class.
By writing this term paper, there are some benefits for the institution, for
the readers, and for me. For the institution, I want to help some teachers
who have difficulty when doing story telling to children. Therefore, this term
paper can help them to get some insights when doing story telling to
children. Moreover, I share my experience to make the readers know
some important tips or ways to deliver an interesting story telling.
Furthermore, by writing this term paper, I want to share my experience to
the readers and in the future if I work as a teacher I can apply the solutions
and know how to tell the stories better.
D. Description of the Institution
Bintang Kecil kindergarten was established in 1997. It is located in
Kopo Permai 1Blok A No.0. The school was founded by Yayasan Bina
Insan Mulia. The teaching method is based on “Creative and Active
3
Maranatha Christian University
Learning” which includes indoor or outdoor activities such as music,
computers, and field trips. Bintang Kecil Kindergarten officially changed its
name to Bintang Mulia Kindergarten in December 2009. Bintang Mulia
kindergarten program to educate children to become healthy, smart,
tough, independent, happy for learning and have characters and faith. The
vision of Bintang Mulia Kindergarten is to provide education based on
Christian views that are holistic, integrated, and transformative, supported
by professional human resources and the latest facilities. The mission is
becoming a Christian institution that prioritizes faith, integrity and
knowledge.
E. Method of the Study
Based on my observation and teaching experience, I choose to analyze
a problem in telling stories to children as the topic of my term paper. I
gather the data from library research, online publications and the
internship journal. I use the data to analyze the problem and find the
solutions. The subjects of the research are I myself, as the teacher
assistant, and 18 children in Bunny class. I collect the data when I do my
internship for about two months in Bintang Mulia preschool and also
become a teacher assistant in Bunny class.
F. Limitation of the Study
My term paper focuses on solving the difficulties in telling stories in
English language for children of 3 years old at Bunny class in Bintang
4
Maranatha Christian University
Mulia preschool. In the class there are 18 children. My observation was
done during my internship program from 14th July 2010 until 24th
September 2010.
G. Organization of the Term Paper
This term paper starts with the Abstract, a summary of the whole paper
in Indonesian. Afterwards, it is followed by the Acknowledgements, which
is a list of some people who have supported me when I wrote this term
paper. After that, there is a Table of Contents which is followed by four
chapters: Chapter I is the Introduction, Chapter II contains the Problem
Analysis, Chapter III deals with Potential Solutions, and Chapter IV is the
Conclusion. At the last part of my term paper, there is a Bibliography which
is the list of references and Appendix.
5
Maranatha Christian University
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
Before presenting the best solutions to solve the problem, I would like to
explain the summary of the previous chapters. The problem is I had
difficulties in telling stories in English language for children of 3 years old at
Bunny class in Bintang Mulia preschool. There are three causes of the
problem; namely, I do not have any experience in telling stories in English to
children, I do not know how to tell English stories to children effectively, and I
am not using intonation, facial expression, and movement during story telling.
There are also three effects of the problem namely I feel upset when the
children do not pay attention to me, the class becomes noisy when I am
telling a story, and the children do not understand the story. I have discussed
four potential solutions to solve this problem. First, I observe the other teacher
who often tells story to children and I practice for several times. Second, I
learn how to tell English stories for children by reading books and articles
15
Marantha Christian University
from online resources. Third, I use facial expression, intonation, and some
movement during story telling to make them enjoy the story. Fourth, I have to
retell the story to the children to make them understand the story.
After having discussed the analysis in the previous chapter, I would like to
present the best solution to solve the problem. The solutions are the
combination of all four potential solutions. I will start by reading books and
articles from online resources to learn how to tell the story to children such as
having activity before, during and finish the story telling. After reading those
sources, I also have to observe the other teacher who often tells story to
children to know how they tell story to children. According to Casson, to be a
better teacher, one should observe the other teacher who has experience in
teaching (par.1). Doing observations helps me to know some characteristics
of the children. Moreover, practising for several times before telling story
makes me ready to deliver the story to children so that I will not feel nervous
to tell the story. While practicing, I can learn expressions, intonations, and
some movements for telling story. Therefore, I can make the story interesting
for the children. Furthermore, in order to check whether the children
understand the story, I have to retell the story.
These four solutions are so helpful for me to tell the story to children. It is
not enough to read the articles and the books. Therefore, I need to observe
the other teacher to learn how the teacher can tell the story well. Practicing
for several times will help me to be confident to deliver the story. I also
16
Marantha Christian University
believe that retelling the story is important because the children will
remember the story well.
I choose all the solutions because I believe that applying all the solutions
will help me to improve my skill to deliver story telling to children of Bunny
class in Bintang Mulia preschool. Delivering stories in an interesting way will
make the children enjoy learning English. Therefore, it will support the quality
of English language teaching in Bintang Mulia preschool.
17
Marantha Christian University
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Printed Sources
Slattery, Marry, and Jane Willis. English for Primary Teachers. New York:
Oxford University Press, 2005.
Wright, Andrew. Storytelling with Children. New York: Oxford University
Press, 2002.
Electronic Sources
“Brain Child 80 Percent Growth in the Golden Age.” Educationchildren.info
2010. 4 Sept. 2010
Burgess, Kristen. “The Benefit of Storytelling.” 31 March 2010. Ezine articles.
2010. 4 Sept. 2010
Maranatha Christian University
Casson, Kathleen. “Observing other teachers.” Learn NC. 21 Sept. 2010
DarrenB. “Providing Help for Teachers by Teachers.” Hubpages.Inc. 2010. 10
Sept. 2010
“How to Choose a Children’s Story.” eHow.com (2010). 4 Sept. 2010
John, Kaye. “How to Increase the Attention Span of Preschoolers.”
eHow.com (2010). 8 Feb. 2011
McDonald, Emma and Dyan Hershman. “Tips Successful Teacher
Observation.” Inspiring Teachers (2010). 28 Oct. 2010
Ptyel, Barbara. “Children Don’t Understand Words at the Adult Rate of
Speed.” 25 Aug. 2008. Wichita State. 23 Sept. 2010
Vocis, Vox. “Storytelling With Children.” Storytelling With Children: a teaching
method. 2000. 10 Sept. 2010
Maranatha Christian University
Berdasarkan pengalaman magang di sekolah Bintang Mulia sebagai
asisten guru di Bunny class, saya memutuskan untuk membahas mengenai
kesulitan saya dalam bercerita menggunakan bahasa Inggris kepada anakanak umur 3 tahun. Oleh karena itu Tugas Akhir ini membahas berbagai
penyebab, dampak masalah, dan beberapa solusi yang saya dapatkan dari
studi pustaka dan pengalaman magang saya.
Ada beberapa penyebab dari masalah tersebut. Pertama adalah saya
tidak memiliki pengalaman dalam bercerita menggunakan bahasa Inggris
kepada anak-anak. Kedua, saya tidak mengetahui bagaimana bercerita
menggunakan bahasa Inggris secara efektif. Ketiga, saya tidak
menggunakan intonasi, ekspresi wajah, dan gerakan pada saat bercerita. Hal
ini berdampak pada saya yaitu saya menjadi sedih karena anak-anak tidak
memperhatikan saya. Kedua, situasi kelas yang menjadi ribut pada saat saya
bercerita. Ketiga, anak-anak tidak mengerti cerita tersebut. Selain itu, saya
juga menganalisa beberapa pilihan solusi yang sesuai dengan permasalahan
saya. Solusi-solusi tersebut juga disertai dengan beberapa dampak positif
dan dampak negatif.
Solusi yang tepat untuk memecahkan masalah yang terjadi pada saat
saya bercerita di Bunny class adalah saya belajar bagaimana bercerita dalam
bahasa Inggris dengan membaca buku dan membaca artikel di internet.
Selain itu, saya melakukan observasi saat mengamati guru yang
berpengalaman bercerita kepada anak-anak dan saya juga berlatih sebelum
bercerita. Pada saat bercerita, saya menggunakan ekspresi wajah, intonasi,
dan gerakan. Selain itu, saya mengulang cerita guna membantu anak-anak
untuk mengingat dan mengerti cerita tersebut.
i
Maranatha Christian University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................i
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY...................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................iv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION......................................................................1-5
A. Background of the Study
B. Identification of the Problem
C. Objectives and Benefits of the Study
D. Description of the Institution
E. Method of the Study
F. Limitation of the Study
G. Organization of the Term Paper
CHAPTER II. PROBLEM ANALYSIS..........................................................6-8
CHAPTER III. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS...................................................9-14
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION...................................................................15-17
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX:
A.
FLOWCHART
iv
Maranatha Christian University
APPENDIX
A. FLOWCHART
Causes:
1. I do not have any experience in telling
stories in English to children.
2. I do not know how to tell English
stories to children effectively.
3. I am not using intonation, facial
expression, and movement during story
telling.
Problem:
I had difficulties in telling
stories in English language
for children of 3 years old
at Bunny class in Bintang
Mulia preschool.
Potential Solution I
Potential Negative effect
1. It takes time for me to observe the
teacher when she is telling the story
Potential Negative effect
1. It takes time to read books
and read from online resources
I observe the other teacher who
often tells stories to children and
I practise for several times
Potential Solution II
I learn how to tell English stories to
children by reading books and
articles from online resources.
Effects:
1. I feel upset when the children do not
paying attention to me
2. The class becomes noisy when I am
telling a story
3. The children do not understand the
story.
Potential Positive effects
1. I learn how to tell the story in an
interesting way.
2. I know some characteristics of the
children.
Potential Positive effect
1. I learn how to deliver the story
effectively to children.
Potential Positive effect
Potential Solution III
Potential Negative effect
1. Some children will be noisy
I use facial expression, some
movements and intonations during
telling story
1. The children will understand
the meaning of the story
Potential Positive effect
Potential Negative effect
1. The children might become
bored to listen to the story several
times.
Potential Solution IV
I have to retell the story
Chosen solutions
1. I learn how to tell English stories for
children by reading books and internet
2. I observe the other teacher who often
tells story to children and I practise for
several times
3. I use facial expression, intonation, and
some movements during telling story
4. I have to retell the story
1. Some children can understand
the story
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
This term paper discusses the use of story telling in teaching English to
children. Story telling to children is a significant part in teaching English.
Wright believes that “Telling and reading stories to children is a central
part of classroom life” (par.1). Therefore, story telling makes children and
teacher have interactions in the class.
Using storytelling for teaching English to children is important for
several reasons. First, story telling can help the children to use their
imagination and also they can understand what the stories are about.
Burgees explains that, “Storytelling allows your child to create images in
his or her imagination. Your child can vividly transport himself or herself
inside the story, becoming the character - or at least picturing the
characters and the scenes how he or she wants to.” (par.9). Second, story
telling is an appropriate technique to teach English to children. Generally,
children
1
Maranatha Christian University
aged 0-5 years old can quickly respond to what they hear or see.
According to Child Psychology it is stated that, during “the “golden age”,
children’s brain develops very rapidly, so any information will be absorbed,
regardless of good or bad”. (par.2). Therefore in this age, the children can
respond and understand quickly by listening to the story in the class.
In terms of story telling, I have had some experiences in teaching
children using stories when I did an internship in Bintang Mulia preschool.
In this school, I did my internship program from 14th July 2010 to 24th
September 2010 as a teacher assistant in Bunny class. This class has 18
children and their average age is 3 years old. When I was teaching them, I
had some difficulties in telling the stories in English to children. I could not
make the children enjoy the story telling. For example, after I asked them
to sit down on the carpet to listen to the stories, 5 minutes later the
children became noisy and many of them played with their friends. In this
case, I became sad and shy because they did not pay attention to me. I
realize that I have difficulties in telling stories to teach English to the
children.
Therefore, in this term paper I would like to analyze how to overcome
the difficulties in telling stories to children in Bunny class. Besides, I will
find out the solutions how to improve story telling to children.
B. Identification of the Problem
Based on my experience during my internship program as a teacher
assistant at Bintang Mulia preschool I propose to analyze:
2
Maranatha Christian University
1. Why did I have difficulties in telling story in English language for
children of 3 years old at Bunny class in Bintang Mulia preschool?
2. How can I improve my skill to deliver story telling to children of 3
years old at Bunny class in Bintang Mulia preschool?
C. Objectives and Benefits of the Study
The objectives of the study are to find out the causes of having
difficulties in telling the stories to children in Bunny class and then to
analyze some possible solutions to solve the problem of telling story in
Bunny class.
By writing this term paper, there are some benefits for the institution, for
the readers, and for me. For the institution, I want to help some teachers
who have difficulty when doing story telling to children. Therefore, this term
paper can help them to get some insights when doing story telling to
children. Moreover, I share my experience to make the readers know
some important tips or ways to deliver an interesting story telling.
Furthermore, by writing this term paper, I want to share my experience to
the readers and in the future if I work as a teacher I can apply the solutions
and know how to tell the stories better.
D. Description of the Institution
Bintang Kecil kindergarten was established in 1997. It is located in
Kopo Permai 1Blok A No.0. The school was founded by Yayasan Bina
Insan Mulia. The teaching method is based on “Creative and Active
3
Maranatha Christian University
Learning” which includes indoor or outdoor activities such as music,
computers, and field trips. Bintang Kecil Kindergarten officially changed its
name to Bintang Mulia Kindergarten in December 2009. Bintang Mulia
kindergarten program to educate children to become healthy, smart,
tough, independent, happy for learning and have characters and faith. The
vision of Bintang Mulia Kindergarten is to provide education based on
Christian views that are holistic, integrated, and transformative, supported
by professional human resources and the latest facilities. The mission is
becoming a Christian institution that prioritizes faith, integrity and
knowledge.
E. Method of the Study
Based on my observation and teaching experience, I choose to analyze
a problem in telling stories to children as the topic of my term paper. I
gather the data from library research, online publications and the
internship journal. I use the data to analyze the problem and find the
solutions. The subjects of the research are I myself, as the teacher
assistant, and 18 children in Bunny class. I collect the data when I do my
internship for about two months in Bintang Mulia preschool and also
become a teacher assistant in Bunny class.
F. Limitation of the Study
My term paper focuses on solving the difficulties in telling stories in
English language for children of 3 years old at Bunny class in Bintang
4
Maranatha Christian University
Mulia preschool. In the class there are 18 children. My observation was
done during my internship program from 14th July 2010 until 24th
September 2010.
G. Organization of the Term Paper
This term paper starts with the Abstract, a summary of the whole paper
in Indonesian. Afterwards, it is followed by the Acknowledgements, which
is a list of some people who have supported me when I wrote this term
paper. After that, there is a Table of Contents which is followed by four
chapters: Chapter I is the Introduction, Chapter II contains the Problem
Analysis, Chapter III deals with Potential Solutions, and Chapter IV is the
Conclusion. At the last part of my term paper, there is a Bibliography which
is the list of references and Appendix.
5
Maranatha Christian University
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
Before presenting the best solutions to solve the problem, I would like to
explain the summary of the previous chapters. The problem is I had
difficulties in telling stories in English language for children of 3 years old at
Bunny class in Bintang Mulia preschool. There are three causes of the
problem; namely, I do not have any experience in telling stories in English to
children, I do not know how to tell English stories to children effectively, and I
am not using intonation, facial expression, and movement during story telling.
There are also three effects of the problem namely I feel upset when the
children do not pay attention to me, the class becomes noisy when I am
telling a story, and the children do not understand the story. I have discussed
four potential solutions to solve this problem. First, I observe the other teacher
who often tells story to children and I practice for several times. Second, I
learn how to tell English stories for children by reading books and articles
15
Marantha Christian University
from online resources. Third, I use facial expression, intonation, and some
movement during story telling to make them enjoy the story. Fourth, I have to
retell the story to the children to make them understand the story.
After having discussed the analysis in the previous chapter, I would like to
present the best solution to solve the problem. The solutions are the
combination of all four potential solutions. I will start by reading books and
articles from online resources to learn how to tell the story to children such as
having activity before, during and finish the story telling. After reading those
sources, I also have to observe the other teacher who often tells story to
children to know how they tell story to children. According to Casson, to be a
better teacher, one should observe the other teacher who has experience in
teaching (par.1). Doing observations helps me to know some characteristics
of the children. Moreover, practising for several times before telling story
makes me ready to deliver the story to children so that I will not feel nervous
to tell the story. While practicing, I can learn expressions, intonations, and
some movements for telling story. Therefore, I can make the story interesting
for the children. Furthermore, in order to check whether the children
understand the story, I have to retell the story.
These four solutions are so helpful for me to tell the story to children. It is
not enough to read the articles and the books. Therefore, I need to observe
the other teacher to learn how the teacher can tell the story well. Practicing
for several times will help me to be confident to deliver the story. I also
16
Marantha Christian University
believe that retelling the story is important because the children will
remember the story well.
I choose all the solutions because I believe that applying all the solutions
will help me to improve my skill to deliver story telling to children of Bunny
class in Bintang Mulia preschool. Delivering stories in an interesting way will
make the children enjoy learning English. Therefore, it will support the quality
of English language teaching in Bintang Mulia preschool.
17
Marantha Christian University
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Printed Sources
Slattery, Marry, and Jane Willis. English for Primary Teachers. New York:
Oxford University Press, 2005.
Wright, Andrew. Storytelling with Children. New York: Oxford University
Press, 2002.
Electronic Sources
“Brain Child 80 Percent Growth in the Golden Age.” Educationchildren.info
2010. 4 Sept. 2010
Burgess, Kristen. “The Benefit of Storytelling.” 31 March 2010. Ezine articles.
2010. 4 Sept. 2010
Maranatha Christian University
Casson, Kathleen. “Observing other teachers.” Learn NC. 21 Sept. 2010
DarrenB. “Providing Help for Teachers by Teachers.” Hubpages.Inc. 2010. 10
Sept. 2010
“How to Choose a Children’s Story.” eHow.com (2010). 4 Sept. 2010
John, Kaye. “How to Increase the Attention Span of Preschoolers.”
eHow.com (2010). 8 Feb. 2011
McDonald, Emma and Dyan Hershman. “Tips Successful Teacher
Observation.” Inspiring Teachers (2010). 28 Oct. 2010
Ptyel, Barbara. “Children Don’t Understand Words at the Adult Rate of
Speed.” 25 Aug. 2008. Wichita State. 23 Sept. 2010
Vocis, Vox. “Storytelling With Children.” Storytelling With Children: a teaching
method. 2000. 10 Sept. 2010
Maranatha Christian University