FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN ROBERT FROST’S POEMS Figurative Language Used In Robert Frost’s Poems.
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN ROBERT FROST’S POEMS
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English
by:
RUDY TRI PAMBUDI
A320120109
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
i
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
Every story has an ending. But in life, sometimes an ending is just a
new beginning (Marilyn Monroe).
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
His beloved parents, (Mr. Sukasno and Mrs. Mursilah), his beloved brother
(Muhammad Fauzi Aris Setiono and family and Heri Setyo Budi and family), his
beloved sister ( Hasymah Setyaning Tyas), thanks a lot for your support, pray and
blessing.
His friends in EDSO UMS 2012 (Mr. Randy, Mr. Bekti, Miss Nisa, rhizal, Nety,
Finsa, Kurniawan, Irin, Intan, Riski, Fasih, Hutomo, Dyta, Nanik, Wahyu, Aulia,
Dian and all of EDSOLOVER UMS 2012.
His friends in BEM UMS 2015 (Mr. Alfin, Miss Ayuno, Miss Umi, Miss
Barokah, Arfan, Aulia, Ika, Astrid, Muklis, Fina, Dwi, Nurul, Indri, Hanan,
Bagus, Furi, Ipin, Nury, Iwan, Agus, Galuh, Dian, Fafa, Kino and Wahyu).
His family in Gemes Kingdom (Aprilia, Okta, Carol, Adel and Ugik).
His family in Third Division 2015 (Bahtiar, Febrian, Putik, Irfan, Dwi Mustika,
Suci, Winda, Mayang, Nanda, Kumala, Sandi, Yuliantika, Faisal, Darma, Dwi
Astuti, Aulia Rahma, Yakub, Dini, Ulfa, Annas, Dyah, Umi, Fareza, Roviyana,
Burhan, and Hasim.
His Nusantara family (Richo, Herlina, Rezky, Risma, Arga, Sinta, and Vernanda)
His friends in Department of English Education who cannot mentioned one by
one in helping the writer in finishing this research paper.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.
In the name of Allah the most gracious and the most merciful, I would like to
say thank to Allah SWT the almighty for mercy and blessing for the writer in
making research paper to fulfill one of requirement for the undergraduate
degree of education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The writer finally
completes her research paper entitled “FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN
ROBERT FROST’S POEMS”.
Sholawat and salam are also given to our great prophet Muhammad SAW
who brought the mankind from the darkness into the lightness. In finishing this
research paper, the writer find some problems and obstacles. so that this
research paper cannot be finished without help from the others who give
support, guidance, suggestion, and constructive criticism. Finally the writer
would like to express her thanks for those who helped him.
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., the Dean of Teacher Training
and Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D., the Head of English Education Department.
3.
Dr. Maryadi, M. A., the first consultant and the inspiring person for giving
his advice, guidance, help, and patience so that this research paper can be
finished as well.
4.
Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum, as the second consultants who has examined
and correted his research paper.
5.
Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum, as the third consultants who has
examined and correted his research paper.
6.
Dr. Abdillah Nugroho. M.Hum,as the academic consultant for having
guidance
and
help
indirectly
during
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
vii
the
research’s
study
in
7.
All the lecturers in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for giving the
writer knowledge, help, and motivation for his research paper.
8.
His beloved Dad Sukasno and Mom Mursilah for their exception, love,
support, pray, and advice so that the writer is motivated to finish his
research paper.
9.
His beloved brother ( Muhammad Fauzi Aris Setiono and Heri Setyo
Budi) who always gives the writer spirit and love.
10. His beloved sister ( Hasymah Setyaning Tyas).
11. His beloved friends in Departement of English Education. Thank you for
the warm togetherness.
12. All who cannot mentioned one by one in helping the writer in finishing
this research paper.
The writer realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect. The
writer hopes and needs the constructive criticism and suggestion to make this
research papaer better. To progress the next study, he invites the readers to give
comments, criticism, and suggestion. The writer expects that this research
paper can be useful and give contribution to the other researcher.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.
Surakarta, 10 July2016
Rudy Tri Pambudi
A320120109
viii
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN ROBERT FROST’S POEMS
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan utama yang diusulkan oleh peneliti, yaitu,
(1) untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis bahasa kiasan yang terkandung dalam
puisinya Robert Frost dan, (2) untuk mengetahui makna tersirat dari bahasa
kiasan yang terkandung di dalam puisinya Robert Frost. Jenis penelitian ini
adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini diambil dari
puisi karya Robert Frost. Mengenai teknik pengumpulan data, peneliti
menggunakan dokumentasi dengan mempelajari secara mendalam tentang
puisi-puisi karya Robert Frost. Maka peneliti mengklasifikasikan data ke dalam
bahasa kiasan menggunakan teori Perrine Lawrence dan ilmuwan lain yang
mendukungnya. Sementara mengenai makna tersirat dari bahasa kiasan yang
digunakan dalam puisi karya Robert Frost ini, peneliti menggunakan teori dari
Geoffrey Leech tentang jenis makna dan teori ilmuwan lainnya yang
mendukungnya. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam puisi karya
Robert Frost, ada enam jenis bahasa kiasan yang digunakan yaitu;
personifikasi, methapora, simbol, ironi, hiperbola, dan apostrof. Terkait dengan
makna tersirat dari bahasa kiasan yang digunakan dalam puisi, peneliti
menemukan empat jenis makna tersirat yaitu; makna konseptual, makna
konotatif, makna gaya dan makna afektif.
Kata kunci: bahasa kiasan, makna tersirat,Robert Frost, puisi.
ix
ABSTRACT
Rudy Tri Pambudi. A 320 120 109. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN
ROBERT FROST’S POEMS. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta. 2016.
This research is aiming on 1) identifying the types of figurative language used
in Robert Frost’s Poems. and 2) explaining the implied meaning used in Robert
Frost’s Poems.
In this research, the researcher uses a descriptive qualitative as the type of the
research. The object of the study is figurative language used in Robert Frost’s
Poems. The data of this research are four poems that containing figurative
language and implied meaning used in Robert Frost’s Poems, there are (1) The
Road Not Taken, (2) Stoping By Woods On A Snowy Evening, (3) Tree At My
Window, and (4) Wind And Window Flower. The researcher uses
documentation to collect the data then coding the figurative language used in
Robert Frost’s Poems.
The results show that (1) there are six types of figurative language in Robert
Frost’s poems namely: personification, symbol, methapor, hyperbole, irony and
apostrophe. There are actually twelve types of figurative language based on
Lawrence Perrine’s Theory. However the researcher does not find simile,
understatement, allegory, synecdoche, paradox, and metonymy in Robert
Frost’s poems. Figurative Language has been mentioned above, there are
37,50% of personification, 29,16% of symbol, 16,66% of methapor, 8,33% of
hyperbole, 4,16% of irony, and 4,16% of apostrophe. The amount of data
found in Robert Frost’s poems is 24. And (2) The types of implied meaning in
Robert Frost’s Poems, there are four types out of seven of the implied meaning
in Robert Frost’s Poems namely: connotative meaning, stylistic or social
meaning, affective meaning, and conceptual meaning. There are actually seven
types of implied meaning based on Goeffrey Leech’s theory. However the
researcher does not find collocative meaning, thematic meaning, and reflective
meaning in Robert Frost’s Poems. As it has been mentioned above in the table
that there are 45,83% of connotative meaning, 37,50% of stylistic or social
meaning, 12,50% of affective meaning, and 4,16% of conceptual meaning. The
total data are 24 found and analyzed into the types of implied meaning used in
Robert Frost’s Poems.
Keywords: Figurative Language, Implied Meaning, Robert Frost,The Poems.
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ....................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ..........................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ....................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ........................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ......................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................
vii
ABSTRAK ......................... ...................................................................
ix
ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................
x
TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................
xi
LIST OF TABLE ..................................................................................
xii
ABBREVIATION ...............................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION ...................................................
I
A. Research Context ..............................................
1
B. Focus of the Study ............................................
2
C. Objective of the Study ......................................
3
D. Benefit of the Study ..........................................
3
LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................
4
A. Previous Study ..................................................
4
B. Theoretical Review ...........................................
7
CHAPTER II
1.
Figurative Language ..................................
7
a. Notion of Figurative Language .............
7
b. Types of Figurative Language ..............
7
Theory of Meaning ....................................
12
a. Notion of Meaning ................................
12
b. Types of Meaning .................................
13
c. Speech Context .....................................
17
3.
Poems ........................................................
19
4.
Robert Frost ...............................................
19
2.
xi
CHAPTER III RESEARCHMETHOD............................................
23
A. Type of the Study ..............................................
23
B. Object of the Study ...........................................
23
C. Data and the Data Sources ................................
23
D. Technique of Collecting Data ...........................
24
E. Technique of theData Analysis .........................
24
CHAPTER IVDATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION....................
27
A. Data Analysis ...................................................
26
1.
The Types of Figurative Language ............
26
2.
The Implied Meaning ................................
39
B. Discussion of the Finding .................................
56
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION..........................
61
A. Conclusion
...................................................
61
B. Implication
...................................................
62
C. Suggestion
...................................................
62
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................
64
APPENDIX ...........................................................................................
66
xii
LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 4.1 Types of Figurative Language .................................. 56
Table 4.2 Implied Meaning ..................... .................................. 57
xii
ABBREVIATION
1. TRNT
: The Road Not Taken
2. SBWOASE : Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening
3. TAMW
: Tree At My Window
4. WAWF
: Wind And Window Flower
5. Met
: Metaphor
6. Sym
: Symbol
7. Iro
: Irony
8. Per
: Personification
9. Hyp
: Hyperbole
10. Aps
: Apostrophe
xiii
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English
by:
RUDY TRI PAMBUDI
A320120109
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
i
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
Every story has an ending. But in life, sometimes an ending is just a
new beginning (Marilyn Monroe).
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
His beloved parents, (Mr. Sukasno and Mrs. Mursilah), his beloved brother
(Muhammad Fauzi Aris Setiono and family and Heri Setyo Budi and family), his
beloved sister ( Hasymah Setyaning Tyas), thanks a lot for your support, pray and
blessing.
His friends in EDSO UMS 2012 (Mr. Randy, Mr. Bekti, Miss Nisa, rhizal, Nety,
Finsa, Kurniawan, Irin, Intan, Riski, Fasih, Hutomo, Dyta, Nanik, Wahyu, Aulia,
Dian and all of EDSOLOVER UMS 2012.
His friends in BEM UMS 2015 (Mr. Alfin, Miss Ayuno, Miss Umi, Miss
Barokah, Arfan, Aulia, Ika, Astrid, Muklis, Fina, Dwi, Nurul, Indri, Hanan,
Bagus, Furi, Ipin, Nury, Iwan, Agus, Galuh, Dian, Fafa, Kino and Wahyu).
His family in Gemes Kingdom (Aprilia, Okta, Carol, Adel and Ugik).
His family in Third Division 2015 (Bahtiar, Febrian, Putik, Irfan, Dwi Mustika,
Suci, Winda, Mayang, Nanda, Kumala, Sandi, Yuliantika, Faisal, Darma, Dwi
Astuti, Aulia Rahma, Yakub, Dini, Ulfa, Annas, Dyah, Umi, Fareza, Roviyana,
Burhan, and Hasim.
His Nusantara family (Richo, Herlina, Rezky, Risma, Arga, Sinta, and Vernanda)
His friends in Department of English Education who cannot mentioned one by
one in helping the writer in finishing this research paper.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.
In the name of Allah the most gracious and the most merciful, I would like to
say thank to Allah SWT the almighty for mercy and blessing for the writer in
making research paper to fulfill one of requirement for the undergraduate
degree of education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The writer finally
completes her research paper entitled “FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN
ROBERT FROST’S POEMS”.
Sholawat and salam are also given to our great prophet Muhammad SAW
who brought the mankind from the darkness into the lightness. In finishing this
research paper, the writer find some problems and obstacles. so that this
research paper cannot be finished without help from the others who give
support, guidance, suggestion, and constructive criticism. Finally the writer
would like to express her thanks for those who helped him.
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., the Dean of Teacher Training
and Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D., the Head of English Education Department.
3.
Dr. Maryadi, M. A., the first consultant and the inspiring person for giving
his advice, guidance, help, and patience so that this research paper can be
finished as well.
4.
Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum, as the second consultants who has examined
and correted his research paper.
5.
Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum, as the third consultants who has
examined and correted his research paper.
6.
Dr. Abdillah Nugroho. M.Hum,as the academic consultant for having
guidance
and
help
indirectly
during
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
vii
the
research’s
study
in
7.
All the lecturers in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for giving the
writer knowledge, help, and motivation for his research paper.
8.
His beloved Dad Sukasno and Mom Mursilah for their exception, love,
support, pray, and advice so that the writer is motivated to finish his
research paper.
9.
His beloved brother ( Muhammad Fauzi Aris Setiono and Heri Setyo
Budi) who always gives the writer spirit and love.
10. His beloved sister ( Hasymah Setyaning Tyas).
11. His beloved friends in Departement of English Education. Thank you for
the warm togetherness.
12. All who cannot mentioned one by one in helping the writer in finishing
this research paper.
The writer realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect. The
writer hopes and needs the constructive criticism and suggestion to make this
research papaer better. To progress the next study, he invites the readers to give
comments, criticism, and suggestion. The writer expects that this research
paper can be useful and give contribution to the other researcher.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.
Surakarta, 10 July2016
Rudy Tri Pambudi
A320120109
viii
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN ROBERT FROST’S POEMS
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan utama yang diusulkan oleh peneliti, yaitu,
(1) untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis bahasa kiasan yang terkandung dalam
puisinya Robert Frost dan, (2) untuk mengetahui makna tersirat dari bahasa
kiasan yang terkandung di dalam puisinya Robert Frost. Jenis penelitian ini
adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini diambil dari
puisi karya Robert Frost. Mengenai teknik pengumpulan data, peneliti
menggunakan dokumentasi dengan mempelajari secara mendalam tentang
puisi-puisi karya Robert Frost. Maka peneliti mengklasifikasikan data ke dalam
bahasa kiasan menggunakan teori Perrine Lawrence dan ilmuwan lain yang
mendukungnya. Sementara mengenai makna tersirat dari bahasa kiasan yang
digunakan dalam puisi karya Robert Frost ini, peneliti menggunakan teori dari
Geoffrey Leech tentang jenis makna dan teori ilmuwan lainnya yang
mendukungnya. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam puisi karya
Robert Frost, ada enam jenis bahasa kiasan yang digunakan yaitu;
personifikasi, methapora, simbol, ironi, hiperbola, dan apostrof. Terkait dengan
makna tersirat dari bahasa kiasan yang digunakan dalam puisi, peneliti
menemukan empat jenis makna tersirat yaitu; makna konseptual, makna
konotatif, makna gaya dan makna afektif.
Kata kunci: bahasa kiasan, makna tersirat,Robert Frost, puisi.
ix
ABSTRACT
Rudy Tri Pambudi. A 320 120 109. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN
ROBERT FROST’S POEMS. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta. 2016.
This research is aiming on 1) identifying the types of figurative language used
in Robert Frost’s Poems. and 2) explaining the implied meaning used in Robert
Frost’s Poems.
In this research, the researcher uses a descriptive qualitative as the type of the
research. The object of the study is figurative language used in Robert Frost’s
Poems. The data of this research are four poems that containing figurative
language and implied meaning used in Robert Frost’s Poems, there are (1) The
Road Not Taken, (2) Stoping By Woods On A Snowy Evening, (3) Tree At My
Window, and (4) Wind And Window Flower. The researcher uses
documentation to collect the data then coding the figurative language used in
Robert Frost’s Poems.
The results show that (1) there are six types of figurative language in Robert
Frost’s poems namely: personification, symbol, methapor, hyperbole, irony and
apostrophe. There are actually twelve types of figurative language based on
Lawrence Perrine’s Theory. However the researcher does not find simile,
understatement, allegory, synecdoche, paradox, and metonymy in Robert
Frost’s poems. Figurative Language has been mentioned above, there are
37,50% of personification, 29,16% of symbol, 16,66% of methapor, 8,33% of
hyperbole, 4,16% of irony, and 4,16% of apostrophe. The amount of data
found in Robert Frost’s poems is 24. And (2) The types of implied meaning in
Robert Frost’s Poems, there are four types out of seven of the implied meaning
in Robert Frost’s Poems namely: connotative meaning, stylistic or social
meaning, affective meaning, and conceptual meaning. There are actually seven
types of implied meaning based on Goeffrey Leech’s theory. However the
researcher does not find collocative meaning, thematic meaning, and reflective
meaning in Robert Frost’s Poems. As it has been mentioned above in the table
that there are 45,83% of connotative meaning, 37,50% of stylistic or social
meaning, 12,50% of affective meaning, and 4,16% of conceptual meaning. The
total data are 24 found and analyzed into the types of implied meaning used in
Robert Frost’s Poems.
Keywords: Figurative Language, Implied Meaning, Robert Frost,The Poems.
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ....................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ..........................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ....................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ........................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ......................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................
vii
ABSTRAK ......................... ...................................................................
ix
ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................
x
TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................
xi
LIST OF TABLE ..................................................................................
xii
ABBREVIATION ...............................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION ...................................................
I
A. Research Context ..............................................
1
B. Focus of the Study ............................................
2
C. Objective of the Study ......................................
3
D. Benefit of the Study ..........................................
3
LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................
4
A. Previous Study ..................................................
4
B. Theoretical Review ...........................................
7
CHAPTER II
1.
Figurative Language ..................................
7
a. Notion of Figurative Language .............
7
b. Types of Figurative Language ..............
7
Theory of Meaning ....................................
12
a. Notion of Meaning ................................
12
b. Types of Meaning .................................
13
c. Speech Context .....................................
17
3.
Poems ........................................................
19
4.
Robert Frost ...............................................
19
2.
xi
CHAPTER III RESEARCHMETHOD............................................
23
A. Type of the Study ..............................................
23
B. Object of the Study ...........................................
23
C. Data and the Data Sources ................................
23
D. Technique of Collecting Data ...........................
24
E. Technique of theData Analysis .........................
24
CHAPTER IVDATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION....................
27
A. Data Analysis ...................................................
26
1.
The Types of Figurative Language ............
26
2.
The Implied Meaning ................................
39
B. Discussion of the Finding .................................
56
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION..........................
61
A. Conclusion
...................................................
61
B. Implication
...................................................
62
C. Suggestion
...................................................
62
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................
64
APPENDIX ...........................................................................................
66
xii
LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 4.1 Types of Figurative Language .................................. 56
Table 4.2 Implied Meaning ..................... .................................. 57
xii
ABBREVIATION
1. TRNT
: The Road Not Taken
2. SBWOASE : Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening
3. TAMW
: Tree At My Window
4. WAWF
: Wind And Window Flower
5. Met
: Metaphor
6. Sym
: Symbol
7. Iro
: Irony
8. Per
: Personification
9. Hyp
: Hyperbole
10. Aps
: Apostrophe
xiii