The Use of Phrases in Writing Recount Text by The Students of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar The Use of Phrases in Writing Recount Text by The Students of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar in Academic Year of 2013 - 2014.
The Use of Phrases in Writing Recount Text
by The Students of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar
in Academic Year of 2013 - 2014
THESIS
Submitted a partial Fulfillment of the Requirement For the Master Degree in Language
Study at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
By
Hidayati
(S 200 120 073)
MAGISTER OF LANGUAGE STUDY
GRADUATE PROGRAM
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
Note of Advisor I
Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D
Lecturer of Language Study of Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
(UMS)
Offi ial Note o Hida ati’s Thesis
Dear,
The Director of Graduate Program Muhammadiyah of Surakarta (UMS) having read,
examined, corrected and necessary revised toward the thesis of:
Name
: Hidayati
NIM
: S200120073
Program
: Magister of Language Study
Proposed Research
: The use of Phrases in Writing Recount Text by Students of
SMA N 1 Karanganyar in Academic year of 2013 – 2014
I accept that thesis is approved to be examined by the board of examiners in the Magister of
Language Study of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta (UMS)
Surakarta, June 2015
First Advisor
Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D
ii
Note of Advisor II
Mauly Halwat, M. Hum, Ph. D
Lecturer of Language Study of Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
(UMS)
Offi ial Note o Hida ati’s Thesis
Dear,
The Director of Graduate Program Muhammadiyah of Surakarta (UMS) having read,
examined, corrected and necessary revised toward the thesis of:
Name
: Hidayati
NIM
: S200120073
Program
: Magister of Language Study
Proposed Research
: The use of Phrases in Writing Recount Text by Students of
SMA N 1 Karanganyar in Academic year of 2013 – 2014
I accept that thesis is approved to be examined by the board of examiners in the Magister of
Language Study of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta (UMS)
Surakarta, June 2015
Second Advisor
Mauly Halwat, M. Hum, Ph. D
NIK 727
iii
iv
PRONOUNCEMENT
By this pronouncement, I state that I write the thesis entitled THE USE OF PHRASES IN
WRITING RECOUNT TEXT BY THE STUDENTS OF SMA N 1 KARANGANYAR IN ACADEMIC YEAR
OF 2013 – 2014, I absolutely state that this thesis is not plagiarism or is made by someone
else. The other works related to this thesis have been written in the form of quotation. The
sources of the thesis have been listed in the bibliography. If next this thesis can be proved
as a plagiarism the certificate and the academic can be cancelled to be given.
Karanganyar,
Hidayati
v
June 2015
The Use of Phrases in Writing Recount Text by The Students of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar
in Academic Year of 2013 – 2014
Hidayati
S 200 120 073
Hidayati. 2015. The Use of Phrases in Writing Recount Text by The Students of SMA Negeri 1
Karanganyar. Thesis, English Language Education. Graduate Program of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Advisors: (I) Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D
(II) Mauly Halwat, M.Hum. Ph.D
Abstract
This study is mainly aimed at finding: (1) The stude ts’ a ilit i writi g of phrases i
recount text, (2) The types of phrases usually used in recount text by each the student, (3)
The constructions of phrase used by the students. The study was carried out at SMA N 1
Karanganyar. The method used was a qualitative descriptive study. This research is
o du ted to a al ze the stude ts’ skills i usi g phrases i writi g re ou t te t. The
population of this study was tenth grade students of SMA N 1 Karanganyar in the academic
year 2013/2014. The writer took 35 students as the sample by using simple random
sampling. In collecting the data, the writer used a writing diary test in the form of essay test.
They used some phrases in their writing test. Based on the findings, it is concluded that (1)
The ability of the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar in academic 2013/2014
in using phrases was good. Their ability was 80%. (2) The tenth grade students of SMA N 1
Karanganyar in academic 2013/2014 used some types of phrases in writing recount text.
Namely noun phrase, verb phrase, Adjective phrase, Adverb phrase, and preposition Phrase.
The total correctly phrases were 606 and 154 incorrectly. So, we can conclude here that the
tenth grade students of SMAN 1 Karanganyar used 760 phrases in writing recount text. (3)
The researcher found some constructions of phrases such as the construction of Noun
Phrase, Verb Phrase, Adjective Phrase, Adverb Phrase and Preposition Phrase used by the
tenth grade students of SMAN 1 Karanganyar in writing recount text. They used 7
constructions of noun phrase, two constructions of verb phrase, adverb phrase and
preposition phrase, while they used three constructions of adjective phrase.
Keywords: Writing, Genre, Recount text, Phrases.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and foremost, I would like to express gratitude to Allah SWT, the Almighty God
for the blessing, kindness, and inspiration in lending me to accomplish the final project.
Without Him, I couldn’t stay patient and in control in writing this final project from the first
page to the last page.Second, Shalawat and Salam are always dedicated to our beloved
prophet Muhammad SAW, the last prophet and the prophet who had brought us from the
darkness to the brightness. I realize that I cannot complete this final project without the help
of others. Many people have helped me during the writing of this final project and it would be
impossible to mention all of them. I wish, however, to give my sincerest gratitude and
appreciation to all persons until this thesis can be completely finished. THE USE OF
PRHASES IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT BY THE STUDENTS OF SMA N 1
KARANGANYAR IN ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2013 - 2014 is a thesis for readers who want
to know the use of phrases in writing recount text..
Therefore, I would like to extend my appreciation to all of them, especially to:
1. The Director of Graduate Program of Muhammadiyah University, Prof. Dr. H.
Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH, M. Hum for giving the writer permission to write the thesis.
2. Prof.Dr.Markhamah,M.Hum, The head of Graduate Program of the English
Department.
3. Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D the first consultant, for the guidance, support, patience and
time in accomplishing this thesis.
4. Mauly Halwat, M. Hum. Ph. D the second consultant, for her advice, guidance, and
patience for the betterment of the writer’s thesis.
5. The students of class X of SMA N 1 Karanganyar who have helped the writer to
finish the research, and given a chance to facilitate them to improve their writing skill.
vii
6. The writer’s beloved husband who is never tired of giving her the spirit ,care ,love
and prayer.
7. The people who cannot be mentioned one by one for helping the writer to complete
the thesis.
Needless to say, the thesis is still far from being perfect .The writer will accept every
comment and suggestion.
Surakarta 19 June 2015
Hidayati
S 200 120 073
viii
DEDICATION
In the name of ALLAH
Most gracious, most Merciful
My special thanks for:
ALLOH SWT , Who makes my life meaningful, Who gives me everything I need, and
always shows me to the right way of the destiny life.
I PRESENT THIS LITTLE WORK FOR:
My lovely husband ,thanks for your love and your support to me,My lovely Father
and Mother, I hope ALLOH will always love and take care you there ,and I will always pray
for you every time chance and place.
My lovely daughters (Tyas, Lucky and Tsaltsa), you are the light on my life; you are
my spirit to step and face the future.
And all my family and my friends, thanks for your support.
ix
MOTTO
Always be yourself no matter what they say and never
be anyone else even if they look better than you
(Selalu jadi diri sendiri tidak masalah apa yang mereka katakan dan
jangan pernah menjadi orang lain meskipun mereka tampak lebih baik
dari kamu.)
Nothing is impossible beyond determination
(Tidak ada yang tidak mungkin bila dilakukan dengan sungguh-sungguh)
Do your best and the god will take care of the rest
(Lakukan yang terbaik dan Tuhan akan memberikan yang terbaik)
Do ’t put till to orow what you can do today
(Jangan tunggu sampai besok apa yang bisa kamu lakukan hari ini)
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
PAGE OF TITLE ............................................................................................................
i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I ...................................................................................................
ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR I ...................................................................................................
iii
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................................
iv
PRONOUNCEMENT ....................................................................................................
v
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................
vii
DEDICATION ..............................................................................................................
ix
MOTTO .......................................................................................................................
x
TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ................................................................................
1
B. Limitation of the Problem ..............................................................................
7
C. Research Questions........................................................................................
7
D. Objectives of the Study ..................................................................................
7
E. The Benefit of the Study ................................................................................
7
F. Outline of the Study .......................................................................................
8
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ...........................................................................
9
A. Previous Study .................................................................................................
9
B. Related Theories ..............................................................................................
15
1. Teaching Writing ........................................................................................
15
xi
1.1. The Concept of Teaching Writing ...............................................
16
1.1.1. Brainstorming...........................................................................
16
1.1.2. Free writing ..............................................................................
17
1.1.3. Journalistic Questions ..............................................................
17
1.1.4. Cluster mapping .......................................................................
18
1.1.5. Flow Charting ...........................................................................
19
1.1.6. Double/Triple Entry..................................................................
20
1.2. The writing Process .................................................................................
20
1.3. Types of writing...........................................................................
21
1.4. Purposes of writing .....................................................................
22
1. 5. Requirement of Good writing ...................................................
23
2. General Concept of Genre .........................................................................
25
2.1. Definition of Genre .....................................................................
25
2.2. Kinds of Genre.............................................................................
25
3. Recount text ...............................................................................................
27
3.1. Definitions of Recount text .........................................................
27
3.2. Generic Concept of Recount text................................................
28
3.3. Grammatical Features of Recount text .......................................
28
3. 4. Types of Recount........................................................................
29
4. Phrases .......................................................................................................
30
4.1. Noun Phrase ................................................................................
30
4. 1.1. The Definition of Noun Phrase ........................................
30
4. 1. 2. The Construction of English Noun Phrases .....................
33
xii
4. 1. 3. The Complex Noun Phrase..............................................
36
4. 2. Verb Phrase ................................................................................
38
4. 2. 1. The definition of verb phrase .........................................
38
4. 2. 2. Kinds of verb ...................................................................
38
4. 2. 3. Verbal Phrases and Their Role in Sentence Structure ....
39
4. 2. 4. Verbal phrases include participial phrases, infinitive
phrases, and gerund phrases .........................................
39
4. 3. Adjective Phrase ........................................................................
40
4. 3. 1. Definition of Adjective Phrase .........................................
40
4. 3. 2. Classes of adjective ...........................................................
43
4. 3. 3. Types of adjectives ...........................................................
44
4.4. Adverb Phrase .............................................................................
45
4. 4. 1. Definition of Adverb Phrase .............................................
45
4. 4. 2. Adverb phrases made with prepositions ..........................
46
4. 4. 3. Adverb phrases made with infinitives .............................
46
4. 5. Prepositional Phrases ...............................................................
49
4. 5. 1. Definition of Prepositional Phrase ...................................
49
4. 5. 2. Kinds of Prepositional Phrase ..........................................
51
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD .............................................................................
52
A. Types of Research ................................................................................
52
B. The Setting of Research .......................................................................
53
C. Object of the Research .........................................................................
53
D. Subject of the Research .......................................................................
53
xiii
E. Method of Collecting Data....................................................................
55
1. Observation ......................................................................................
55
2. Test ...................................................................................................
55
3. Interview ...........................................................................................
56
4. Documentation .................................................................................
56
F. Data Analysis Technique.......................................................................
57
G. Inspection Techniques Validity of Data ...............................................
57
CHAPTER IV : FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................
58
A. The Data A al sis of the stude ts’ a ilit i writing phrases .............
58
B. The Types of Phrases Usually Use in Writing Recount Text by Each
Students ...............................................................................................
60
C. The Constructions of Phrases Used by The Students ..........................
78
D. Research Findings ...............................................................................
84
E. Discussion of Research Finding ...........................................................
93
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, SUGGESTION.......................................... 109
A. Conclusion .......................................................................................... 109
B. Implication .......................................................................................... 110
C. Suggestions......................................................................................... 110
1. The students ................................................................................... 110
2. The Teacher .................................................................................... 111
3. The Researcher............................................................................... 111
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 112
APPENDICES ............................................................................................................... 116
xiv
LIST OF TABLE
1. Table 1.Score from the students’ ability in writing recount text
2. Table 2.Types of phrases used by Adeliana Atriana
3. Table 3. Types of phrases used by Adibah Rasikhah Amanta
4. Table 4. Types of phrases used by Admiral Pratama Putra
5. Table 5. Types of phrases used by Agustina Betri Larasati
6. Table 6. Types of phrases used by Aisya Chrisdiaty Widyas
7. Table 7. Types of phrases used by Akbarul Rizy
8. Table 8. Types of phrases used by Alya Gilang Romadhona
9. Table 9. Types of phrases used by Amelia Rizky Hutami
10. Table 10. Types of phrases used by Anisa Kharismasari
11. Table 11. Types of phrases used by Anisa Swastika Rizky
12. Table 12. Types of phrases used by Aulia Pramestya Sulaksono
13. Table 13. Types of phrases used by Catharina Yudhita puspita
14. Table 14. Types of phrases used by Chiara Azra Cendani putri
15. Table 15. Types of phrases used by Danik Ayunda
16. Table 16. Types of phrases used by Dyah Puspitasari
17. Table 17. Types of phrases used by Eka Fadilla Rahma
18. Table 18. Types of phrases used by Endang Sulastri
19. Table19. Types of phrases used by erinda Arum Novitasari
20. Table 20 .Types of phrases used by Faishal Ammar
21. Table 21. Types of phrases used by Chiara Helda Nur Choirunnisa
22. Table 22. Types of phrases used by Ilyas Akbar Almadani
xv
23. Table 23. Types of phrases used by Khansa Khanan Taufiqah
24. Table 24. Types of phrases used by Krisna Rangga Pradhana
25. Table 25. Types of phrases used by Laila Kusumawardani
26. Table 26. Types of phrases used by Lakshita Alifa Zein
27. Table 27. Types of phrases used by Natalia Ardila Putri
28. Table 28. Types of phrases used by Nisa Arimi Faza
29. Table 29. Types of phrases used by Reika Cahya Mumpuni
30. Table 30. Types of phrases used by Ristita Aritamunsa
31. Table 31. Types of phrases used by Rossi Hayyu Anjani
32. Table 32. Types of phrases used by RR Karina Alviani
33. Table 33. Types of phrases used by Satria Nusantara
34. Table 34. Types of phrases used by Selviana Novita Nugraheni
35. Table 35. Types of phrases used by Syifa Devi Adityas
36. Table 36. Types of phrases used by Yustika Cahyaning Putri
37. Table. 37 The stude t’s ide tit
xvi
List of figures
1. Figure 1. Adverb Phrase Type
2. Figure 2. Adverb Phrase with infinitive
3. Figure 3. Noun Phrase
4. Figure. 4. The Total Phrases Used by the students
5. Figure 5.The average phrases used by the students in writing recount text
6. Figure 6. The Highest and The Lowest Phrases used by the students
7. Figure . AA’s Data i usi g phrases
8. Figure . ARA’s Data in using phrases
9. Figure . APP’s Data i usi g phrases
10. Figure
. ABL’s Data i usi g phrases
11. Figure
. ACWs’ Data i usi g phrases
12. Figure
. AR’s Data i usi g phrases
13. Figure
. AGR’s Data i usi g phrases
14. Figure
. ARH’s Data i usi g phrases
15. Figure
. AK’s Data i usi g phrases
16. Figure
. ASR’s Data i usi g phrases
17. Figure
. APS’s Data i usi g phrases
18. Figure
. CYP’s Data i usi g phrases
19. Figure
. CACP’s Data i usi g phrases
20. Figure
. DAP’s Data i usi g phrases
21. Figure
. DP’s Data in using phrases
22. Figure
. EFR’s Data i usi g phrases
xvii
23. Figure
. ES’s Data i usi g phrases
24. Figure
. EAN’s Data i usi g phrases
25. Figure
. FA’s Data i usi g phrases
26. Figure
. HNC’s Data i usi g phrases
27. Figure
. IAA’s Data i usi g phrases
28. Figure
. KHT’s Data i usi g phrases
29. Figure
. KRP’s Data i usi g phrases
30. Figure
. LK’s Data i usi g phrases
31. Figure
. LAZ’s Data i usi g phrases
32. Figure
. NAP’s Data i usi g phrases
33. Figure
. NAF’s Data i usi g phrases
34. Figure 34. NAP’s Data i usi g phrases
35. Figure
. RAM’s Data i usi g phrases
36. Figure
. RHA’s Data i usi g phrases
37. Figure
. RKA’s Data i usi g phrases
38. Figure
. SN’s Data i usi g phrases
39. Figure
. SNN’s Data i usi g phrases
40. Figure
. SDA’s Data i using phrases
41. Figure
. YCP’s Data i usi g phrases
ABBREVIATION
xviii
1. ADJ P
: Adjective Phrase
2. ADV P
: Adverb Phrase
3. Det
: Determiner
4. H
: Head
5. M
: Modifier
6. N
: Noun
7. NP
: Noun Phrase
8. Prep. P
: Prepositional Phrase
9. VP
: Verb Phrase
xix
by The Students of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar
in Academic Year of 2013 - 2014
THESIS
Submitted a partial Fulfillment of the Requirement For the Master Degree in Language
Study at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
By
Hidayati
(S 200 120 073)
MAGISTER OF LANGUAGE STUDY
GRADUATE PROGRAM
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
Note of Advisor I
Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D
Lecturer of Language Study of Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
(UMS)
Offi ial Note o Hida ati’s Thesis
Dear,
The Director of Graduate Program Muhammadiyah of Surakarta (UMS) having read,
examined, corrected and necessary revised toward the thesis of:
Name
: Hidayati
NIM
: S200120073
Program
: Magister of Language Study
Proposed Research
: The use of Phrases in Writing Recount Text by Students of
SMA N 1 Karanganyar in Academic year of 2013 – 2014
I accept that thesis is approved to be examined by the board of examiners in the Magister of
Language Study of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta (UMS)
Surakarta, June 2015
First Advisor
Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D
ii
Note of Advisor II
Mauly Halwat, M. Hum, Ph. D
Lecturer of Language Study of Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
(UMS)
Offi ial Note o Hida ati’s Thesis
Dear,
The Director of Graduate Program Muhammadiyah of Surakarta (UMS) having read,
examined, corrected and necessary revised toward the thesis of:
Name
: Hidayati
NIM
: S200120073
Program
: Magister of Language Study
Proposed Research
: The use of Phrases in Writing Recount Text by Students of
SMA N 1 Karanganyar in Academic year of 2013 – 2014
I accept that thesis is approved to be examined by the board of examiners in the Magister of
Language Study of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta (UMS)
Surakarta, June 2015
Second Advisor
Mauly Halwat, M. Hum, Ph. D
NIK 727
iii
iv
PRONOUNCEMENT
By this pronouncement, I state that I write the thesis entitled THE USE OF PHRASES IN
WRITING RECOUNT TEXT BY THE STUDENTS OF SMA N 1 KARANGANYAR IN ACADEMIC YEAR
OF 2013 – 2014, I absolutely state that this thesis is not plagiarism or is made by someone
else. The other works related to this thesis have been written in the form of quotation. The
sources of the thesis have been listed in the bibliography. If next this thesis can be proved
as a plagiarism the certificate and the academic can be cancelled to be given.
Karanganyar,
Hidayati
v
June 2015
The Use of Phrases in Writing Recount Text by The Students of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar
in Academic Year of 2013 – 2014
Hidayati
S 200 120 073
Hidayati. 2015. The Use of Phrases in Writing Recount Text by The Students of SMA Negeri 1
Karanganyar. Thesis, English Language Education. Graduate Program of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Advisors: (I) Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D
(II) Mauly Halwat, M.Hum. Ph.D
Abstract
This study is mainly aimed at finding: (1) The stude ts’ a ilit i writi g of phrases i
recount text, (2) The types of phrases usually used in recount text by each the student, (3)
The constructions of phrase used by the students. The study was carried out at SMA N 1
Karanganyar. The method used was a qualitative descriptive study. This research is
o du ted to a al ze the stude ts’ skills i usi g phrases i writi g re ou t te t. The
population of this study was tenth grade students of SMA N 1 Karanganyar in the academic
year 2013/2014. The writer took 35 students as the sample by using simple random
sampling. In collecting the data, the writer used a writing diary test in the form of essay test.
They used some phrases in their writing test. Based on the findings, it is concluded that (1)
The ability of the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar in academic 2013/2014
in using phrases was good. Their ability was 80%. (2) The tenth grade students of SMA N 1
Karanganyar in academic 2013/2014 used some types of phrases in writing recount text.
Namely noun phrase, verb phrase, Adjective phrase, Adverb phrase, and preposition Phrase.
The total correctly phrases were 606 and 154 incorrectly. So, we can conclude here that the
tenth grade students of SMAN 1 Karanganyar used 760 phrases in writing recount text. (3)
The researcher found some constructions of phrases such as the construction of Noun
Phrase, Verb Phrase, Adjective Phrase, Adverb Phrase and Preposition Phrase used by the
tenth grade students of SMAN 1 Karanganyar in writing recount text. They used 7
constructions of noun phrase, two constructions of verb phrase, adverb phrase and
preposition phrase, while they used three constructions of adjective phrase.
Keywords: Writing, Genre, Recount text, Phrases.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and foremost, I would like to express gratitude to Allah SWT, the Almighty God
for the blessing, kindness, and inspiration in lending me to accomplish the final project.
Without Him, I couldn’t stay patient and in control in writing this final project from the first
page to the last page.Second, Shalawat and Salam are always dedicated to our beloved
prophet Muhammad SAW, the last prophet and the prophet who had brought us from the
darkness to the brightness. I realize that I cannot complete this final project without the help
of others. Many people have helped me during the writing of this final project and it would be
impossible to mention all of them. I wish, however, to give my sincerest gratitude and
appreciation to all persons until this thesis can be completely finished. THE USE OF
PRHASES IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT BY THE STUDENTS OF SMA N 1
KARANGANYAR IN ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2013 - 2014 is a thesis for readers who want
to know the use of phrases in writing recount text..
Therefore, I would like to extend my appreciation to all of them, especially to:
1. The Director of Graduate Program of Muhammadiyah University, Prof. Dr. H.
Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH, M. Hum for giving the writer permission to write the thesis.
2. Prof.Dr.Markhamah,M.Hum, The head of Graduate Program of the English
Department.
3. Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D the first consultant, for the guidance, support, patience and
time in accomplishing this thesis.
4. Mauly Halwat, M. Hum. Ph. D the second consultant, for her advice, guidance, and
patience for the betterment of the writer’s thesis.
5. The students of class X of SMA N 1 Karanganyar who have helped the writer to
finish the research, and given a chance to facilitate them to improve their writing skill.
vii
6. The writer’s beloved husband who is never tired of giving her the spirit ,care ,love
and prayer.
7. The people who cannot be mentioned one by one for helping the writer to complete
the thesis.
Needless to say, the thesis is still far from being perfect .The writer will accept every
comment and suggestion.
Surakarta 19 June 2015
Hidayati
S 200 120 073
viii
DEDICATION
In the name of ALLAH
Most gracious, most Merciful
My special thanks for:
ALLOH SWT , Who makes my life meaningful, Who gives me everything I need, and
always shows me to the right way of the destiny life.
I PRESENT THIS LITTLE WORK FOR:
My lovely husband ,thanks for your love and your support to me,My lovely Father
and Mother, I hope ALLOH will always love and take care you there ,and I will always pray
for you every time chance and place.
My lovely daughters (Tyas, Lucky and Tsaltsa), you are the light on my life; you are
my spirit to step and face the future.
And all my family and my friends, thanks for your support.
ix
MOTTO
Always be yourself no matter what they say and never
be anyone else even if they look better than you
(Selalu jadi diri sendiri tidak masalah apa yang mereka katakan dan
jangan pernah menjadi orang lain meskipun mereka tampak lebih baik
dari kamu.)
Nothing is impossible beyond determination
(Tidak ada yang tidak mungkin bila dilakukan dengan sungguh-sungguh)
Do your best and the god will take care of the rest
(Lakukan yang terbaik dan Tuhan akan memberikan yang terbaik)
Do ’t put till to orow what you can do today
(Jangan tunggu sampai besok apa yang bisa kamu lakukan hari ini)
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
PAGE OF TITLE ............................................................................................................
i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I ...................................................................................................
ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR I ...................................................................................................
iii
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................................
iv
PRONOUNCEMENT ....................................................................................................
v
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................
vii
DEDICATION ..............................................................................................................
ix
MOTTO .......................................................................................................................
x
TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ................................................................................
1
B. Limitation of the Problem ..............................................................................
7
C. Research Questions........................................................................................
7
D. Objectives of the Study ..................................................................................
7
E. The Benefit of the Study ................................................................................
7
F. Outline of the Study .......................................................................................
8
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ...........................................................................
9
A. Previous Study .................................................................................................
9
B. Related Theories ..............................................................................................
15
1. Teaching Writing ........................................................................................
15
xi
1.1. The Concept of Teaching Writing ...............................................
16
1.1.1. Brainstorming...........................................................................
16
1.1.2. Free writing ..............................................................................
17
1.1.3. Journalistic Questions ..............................................................
17
1.1.4. Cluster mapping .......................................................................
18
1.1.5. Flow Charting ...........................................................................
19
1.1.6. Double/Triple Entry..................................................................
20
1.2. The writing Process .................................................................................
20
1.3. Types of writing...........................................................................
21
1.4. Purposes of writing .....................................................................
22
1. 5. Requirement of Good writing ...................................................
23
2. General Concept of Genre .........................................................................
25
2.1. Definition of Genre .....................................................................
25
2.2. Kinds of Genre.............................................................................
25
3. Recount text ...............................................................................................
27
3.1. Definitions of Recount text .........................................................
27
3.2. Generic Concept of Recount text................................................
28
3.3. Grammatical Features of Recount text .......................................
28
3. 4. Types of Recount........................................................................
29
4. Phrases .......................................................................................................
30
4.1. Noun Phrase ................................................................................
30
4. 1.1. The Definition of Noun Phrase ........................................
30
4. 1. 2. The Construction of English Noun Phrases .....................
33
xii
4. 1. 3. The Complex Noun Phrase..............................................
36
4. 2. Verb Phrase ................................................................................
38
4. 2. 1. The definition of verb phrase .........................................
38
4. 2. 2. Kinds of verb ...................................................................
38
4. 2. 3. Verbal Phrases and Their Role in Sentence Structure ....
39
4. 2. 4. Verbal phrases include participial phrases, infinitive
phrases, and gerund phrases .........................................
39
4. 3. Adjective Phrase ........................................................................
40
4. 3. 1. Definition of Adjective Phrase .........................................
40
4. 3. 2. Classes of adjective ...........................................................
43
4. 3. 3. Types of adjectives ...........................................................
44
4.4. Adverb Phrase .............................................................................
45
4. 4. 1. Definition of Adverb Phrase .............................................
45
4. 4. 2. Adverb phrases made with prepositions ..........................
46
4. 4. 3. Adverb phrases made with infinitives .............................
46
4. 5. Prepositional Phrases ...............................................................
49
4. 5. 1. Definition of Prepositional Phrase ...................................
49
4. 5. 2. Kinds of Prepositional Phrase ..........................................
51
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD .............................................................................
52
A. Types of Research ................................................................................
52
B. The Setting of Research .......................................................................
53
C. Object of the Research .........................................................................
53
D. Subject of the Research .......................................................................
53
xiii
E. Method of Collecting Data....................................................................
55
1. Observation ......................................................................................
55
2. Test ...................................................................................................
55
3. Interview ...........................................................................................
56
4. Documentation .................................................................................
56
F. Data Analysis Technique.......................................................................
57
G. Inspection Techniques Validity of Data ...............................................
57
CHAPTER IV : FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................
58
A. The Data A al sis of the stude ts’ a ilit i writing phrases .............
58
B. The Types of Phrases Usually Use in Writing Recount Text by Each
Students ...............................................................................................
60
C. The Constructions of Phrases Used by The Students ..........................
78
D. Research Findings ...............................................................................
84
E. Discussion of Research Finding ...........................................................
93
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, SUGGESTION.......................................... 109
A. Conclusion .......................................................................................... 109
B. Implication .......................................................................................... 110
C. Suggestions......................................................................................... 110
1. The students ................................................................................... 110
2. The Teacher .................................................................................... 111
3. The Researcher............................................................................... 111
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 112
APPENDICES ............................................................................................................... 116
xiv
LIST OF TABLE
1. Table 1.Score from the students’ ability in writing recount text
2. Table 2.Types of phrases used by Adeliana Atriana
3. Table 3. Types of phrases used by Adibah Rasikhah Amanta
4. Table 4. Types of phrases used by Admiral Pratama Putra
5. Table 5. Types of phrases used by Agustina Betri Larasati
6. Table 6. Types of phrases used by Aisya Chrisdiaty Widyas
7. Table 7. Types of phrases used by Akbarul Rizy
8. Table 8. Types of phrases used by Alya Gilang Romadhona
9. Table 9. Types of phrases used by Amelia Rizky Hutami
10. Table 10. Types of phrases used by Anisa Kharismasari
11. Table 11. Types of phrases used by Anisa Swastika Rizky
12. Table 12. Types of phrases used by Aulia Pramestya Sulaksono
13. Table 13. Types of phrases used by Catharina Yudhita puspita
14. Table 14. Types of phrases used by Chiara Azra Cendani putri
15. Table 15. Types of phrases used by Danik Ayunda
16. Table 16. Types of phrases used by Dyah Puspitasari
17. Table 17. Types of phrases used by Eka Fadilla Rahma
18. Table 18. Types of phrases used by Endang Sulastri
19. Table19. Types of phrases used by erinda Arum Novitasari
20. Table 20 .Types of phrases used by Faishal Ammar
21. Table 21. Types of phrases used by Chiara Helda Nur Choirunnisa
22. Table 22. Types of phrases used by Ilyas Akbar Almadani
xv
23. Table 23. Types of phrases used by Khansa Khanan Taufiqah
24. Table 24. Types of phrases used by Krisna Rangga Pradhana
25. Table 25. Types of phrases used by Laila Kusumawardani
26. Table 26. Types of phrases used by Lakshita Alifa Zein
27. Table 27. Types of phrases used by Natalia Ardila Putri
28. Table 28. Types of phrases used by Nisa Arimi Faza
29. Table 29. Types of phrases used by Reika Cahya Mumpuni
30. Table 30. Types of phrases used by Ristita Aritamunsa
31. Table 31. Types of phrases used by Rossi Hayyu Anjani
32. Table 32. Types of phrases used by RR Karina Alviani
33. Table 33. Types of phrases used by Satria Nusantara
34. Table 34. Types of phrases used by Selviana Novita Nugraheni
35. Table 35. Types of phrases used by Syifa Devi Adityas
36. Table 36. Types of phrases used by Yustika Cahyaning Putri
37. Table. 37 The stude t’s ide tit
xvi
List of figures
1. Figure 1. Adverb Phrase Type
2. Figure 2. Adverb Phrase with infinitive
3. Figure 3. Noun Phrase
4. Figure. 4. The Total Phrases Used by the students
5. Figure 5.The average phrases used by the students in writing recount text
6. Figure 6. The Highest and The Lowest Phrases used by the students
7. Figure . AA’s Data i usi g phrases
8. Figure . ARA’s Data in using phrases
9. Figure . APP’s Data i usi g phrases
10. Figure
. ABL’s Data i usi g phrases
11. Figure
. ACWs’ Data i usi g phrases
12. Figure
. AR’s Data i usi g phrases
13. Figure
. AGR’s Data i usi g phrases
14. Figure
. ARH’s Data i usi g phrases
15. Figure
. AK’s Data i usi g phrases
16. Figure
. ASR’s Data i usi g phrases
17. Figure
. APS’s Data i usi g phrases
18. Figure
. CYP’s Data i usi g phrases
19. Figure
. CACP’s Data i usi g phrases
20. Figure
. DAP’s Data i usi g phrases
21. Figure
. DP’s Data in using phrases
22. Figure
. EFR’s Data i usi g phrases
xvii
23. Figure
. ES’s Data i usi g phrases
24. Figure
. EAN’s Data i usi g phrases
25. Figure
. FA’s Data i usi g phrases
26. Figure
. HNC’s Data i usi g phrases
27. Figure
. IAA’s Data i usi g phrases
28. Figure
. KHT’s Data i usi g phrases
29. Figure
. KRP’s Data i usi g phrases
30. Figure
. LK’s Data i usi g phrases
31. Figure
. LAZ’s Data i usi g phrases
32. Figure
. NAP’s Data i usi g phrases
33. Figure
. NAF’s Data i usi g phrases
34. Figure 34. NAP’s Data i usi g phrases
35. Figure
. RAM’s Data i usi g phrases
36. Figure
. RHA’s Data i usi g phrases
37. Figure
. RKA’s Data i usi g phrases
38. Figure
. SN’s Data i usi g phrases
39. Figure
. SNN’s Data i usi g phrases
40. Figure
. SDA’s Data i using phrases
41. Figure
. YCP’s Data i usi g phrases
ABBREVIATION
xviii
1. ADJ P
: Adjective Phrase
2. ADV P
: Adverb Phrase
3. Det
: Determiner
4. H
: Head
5. M
: Modifier
6. N
: Noun
7. NP
: Noun Phrase
8. Prep. P
: Prepositional Phrase
9. VP
: Verb Phrase
xix