LOVE AFFAIR REFLECTED AT HENRIK IBSEN’S HEDDA GABLER PLAY (1890); AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH Love Affair Reflected At Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler Play (1890); An Individual Psychological Approach.
LOVE AFFAIR REFLECTED AT HENRIK IBSEN’S HEDDA GABLER PLAY
(1890); AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
MAYA BERLIAN PRIMADANI
A 320110007
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
MOTTO
Where there is kindness, there is goodness. And where there is goodness, there is magic.
(Cinderella)
You can get it if you really want, but you must try try and try. You’ll succeed at last.
(Sebastian – Little Mermaid Series)
The miracle is the other name of hard work.
(To the Beautiful You, ep 1)
Don’t be panic, stay calm, and let’s traveling.
(Writer)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
1. My beloved father
2. My beloved mother in heaven
3. My beloved little sister
4. My special one
5. My best friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulilahirobbil’alamin. Praise and gratitude to ALLAH SWT, the lord of
the lord in the universe, who gives blessing and guidance that the writer may accomplish
the research paper to obtain Bachelor Degree. Writing and conducting a research is not
as easy as flipping palm. However, with various helps and supports from others, the
writer manages to finish it.
Therefore, the writer would like to express her gratitude towards those who
have supported and guided her in doing this research paper. She is really thankful to:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum, as Dean of School Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, S.Pd., Ph.D., as the Head of English Education Department
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. The first consultant, Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed., who has given her
great help and guidance in finishing this research paper,
4. The second consultant, Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M.Hum, who has given research
guidance, correction, and suggestion for the sake of the credibility of this research
paper,
vii
5. Aryati Prasetyarini, M.Pd as the academic consultant who has given me
motivation to finish my study.
6. All lecturers of English Education Department for their guidance and knowledge
which are shared to the writer patiently,
7. Her most beloved father Ismunanto, S.Pd who is the main reason for the writer to
fight, always shared the support, care, and prayers endlessly,
8. Her most beloved mother Suyati, S.Pd, SD that now in heaven,
9. Her beloved little sister Zainisa Dhiyaul Aulia who always make her cheerful and
full of spirit,
10. Her special one “PP” who always accompanies her, gives the support and makes her
always smile. Thank you Mas Panggih,
11. Her precious friends in “The Cimit-cimit” Fathiya, Nur’aini (Iin), and Indah who
have happiness, support and every little thing we shared,
12. The Big family in Kost An-Nur, there are 01 Larasati, 03 Serin, 04 Dewi, 05
Mbak Hunny, 06 Hafni, 07 Mbak Umi, 08 Ilma, and 09 Winda. Thank you for the
sweats, tears, support, and everything the writer couldn’t even imagine may get if
she did not join “the family”,
13. Her friends in the conscript of the 2011 class A, who have struggled together almost
4 years,
14. Her lovely social media Facebook: Maya Berlian Primadani, Twitter: @mayaberlian,
Path: Maya Berlian Primadani, Instagram: @mayaberlian, and Line: mayaberlian,
viii
15. And to all the many people who made this research paper possible with thanks
beyond adequate expression.
Hopefully, this research paper will be useful for those who wants to study
the Henrik Ibsen’s play Hedda Gabler and enrich the reader‘s knowledge dealing with
the individual psychological approach. I realize that the research paper is still far from
being perfect. Therefore supportive criticism and suggestion are needed to make this
research paper later.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, March 8th 2015
The Writer
Maya Berlian Primadani
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ........................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................. ii
ACCEPTANCE ........................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ....................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION .............................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .............................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................... x
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. xiv
CHAPTER I:
INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1
A.
Background of the Study........................................ 1
B.
Literature Review ................................................... 7
C.
Problem Statements................................................ 11
D.
Limitation of the Study .......................................... 11
E.
Objectives of the Study .......................................... 11
F.
Benefits of the Study .............................................. 11
G.
Research Method ................................................... 12
H.
Paper Organization ................................................. 15
x
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................. 16
A.
Notion of Individual Psychology ........................... 16
B.
Basic Concept of Individual Psychology .............. 17
1. Inferiority Feeling ........................................ 18
2. Striving of Superiority .................................. 18
3. Fiction Finalism............................................ 19
4. Style of Life .................................................. 20
5. Social Interest ............................................... 22
6. Creative Power ............................................. 23
C.
Notion of Love Affair ............................................ 23
D.
Structural Elements of Play.................................... 25
1. Character and Characterization .................... 26
2. Setting........................................................... 27
3. Plot ............................................................... 29
a. Exposition ............................................... 30
b. Complication .......................................... 30
c. Climax..................................................... 31
d. Resolution ............................................... 31
4. Theme ........................................................... 32
5. Style .............................................................. 32
E.
Theoretical Application.......................................... 34
xi
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ............................................. 35
A.
The Structural Element of the Play ........................ 35
1. Character and Characterization ......................... 35
a. Major Character ........................................... 35
b. Minor Character .......................................... 40
2. Setting ............................................................... 43
a. Setting of Time ............................................ 43
b. Setting of Place............................................ 44
c. Social Setting ............................................... 45
3. Plot .................................................................... 45
a. Exposition .................................................... 46
b. Complication ............................................... 47
c. Climax ......................................................... 49
d. Resolution.................................................... 49
4. Theme................................................................ 50
5. Style .................................................................. 51
B.
Discussion ............................................................. 54
CHAPTER IV: INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ............. 59
A.
Individual Psychological Analysis ......................... 59
1. Inferiority Feeling ............................................. 59
2. Striving of Superiority ...................................... 62
3. Fiction Finalism ................................................ 66
xii
4. Style of Life ...................................................... 68
5. Social Interest .................................................... 71
6. Creative Power .................................................. 73
B.
Discussion ............................................................. 75
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................... 79
A.
Conclusion ............................................................. 79
B.
Pedagogical Implication ........................................ 80
C.
Suggestion .............................................................. 81
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xiii
ABSTRACT
Maya Berlian Primadani. A 320110007. LOVE AFFAIR REFLECTED AT HENRIK
IBSEN’S HEDDA GABLER PLAY (1890); AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL
APPROACH. RESEARCH PAPER. SURAKARTA: SCHOOL OF TEACHER
TRAINING AND EDUCATION. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF
SURAKARTA. 2015
The major problem of this study is how love affair is reflected in Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda
Gabler. The objective if this study is to analyze the play based on the individual
psychological analysis.
In analyzing Hedda Gabler, the writer uses qualitative method and individual
psychological approach. The data sources consist of primary data and secondary data
sources. The primary data source is the Hedda Gabler play itself and the secondary data
sources are the other sources related to the analysis such as the author’s biography,
books of literary theory and individual psychologist. The method of the data collection
is library research. The technique of data analysis is descriptive analysis.
The result of the study shows the following conclusion. Based on Individual
Psychological Approach, Hedda Gabler play shows love affair happens in Hedda as the
major character in this play.
Keywords: Love Affair, Hedda Gabler, Individual Psychological Approach.
xiv
(1890); AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
MAYA BERLIAN PRIMADANI
A 320110007
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
MOTTO
Where there is kindness, there is goodness. And where there is goodness, there is magic.
(Cinderella)
You can get it if you really want, but you must try try and try. You’ll succeed at last.
(Sebastian – Little Mermaid Series)
The miracle is the other name of hard work.
(To the Beautiful You, ep 1)
Don’t be panic, stay calm, and let’s traveling.
(Writer)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
1. My beloved father
2. My beloved mother in heaven
3. My beloved little sister
4. My special one
5. My best friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulilahirobbil’alamin. Praise and gratitude to ALLAH SWT, the lord of
the lord in the universe, who gives blessing and guidance that the writer may accomplish
the research paper to obtain Bachelor Degree. Writing and conducting a research is not
as easy as flipping palm. However, with various helps and supports from others, the
writer manages to finish it.
Therefore, the writer would like to express her gratitude towards those who
have supported and guided her in doing this research paper. She is really thankful to:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum, as Dean of School Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, S.Pd., Ph.D., as the Head of English Education Department
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. The first consultant, Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed., who has given her
great help and guidance in finishing this research paper,
4. The second consultant, Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M.Hum, who has given research
guidance, correction, and suggestion for the sake of the credibility of this research
paper,
vii
5. Aryati Prasetyarini, M.Pd as the academic consultant who has given me
motivation to finish my study.
6. All lecturers of English Education Department for their guidance and knowledge
which are shared to the writer patiently,
7. Her most beloved father Ismunanto, S.Pd who is the main reason for the writer to
fight, always shared the support, care, and prayers endlessly,
8. Her most beloved mother Suyati, S.Pd, SD that now in heaven,
9. Her beloved little sister Zainisa Dhiyaul Aulia who always make her cheerful and
full of spirit,
10. Her special one “PP” who always accompanies her, gives the support and makes her
always smile. Thank you Mas Panggih,
11. Her precious friends in “The Cimit-cimit” Fathiya, Nur’aini (Iin), and Indah who
have happiness, support and every little thing we shared,
12. The Big family in Kost An-Nur, there are 01 Larasati, 03 Serin, 04 Dewi, 05
Mbak Hunny, 06 Hafni, 07 Mbak Umi, 08 Ilma, and 09 Winda. Thank you for the
sweats, tears, support, and everything the writer couldn’t even imagine may get if
she did not join “the family”,
13. Her friends in the conscript of the 2011 class A, who have struggled together almost
4 years,
14. Her lovely social media Facebook: Maya Berlian Primadani, Twitter: @mayaberlian,
Path: Maya Berlian Primadani, Instagram: @mayaberlian, and Line: mayaberlian,
viii
15. And to all the many people who made this research paper possible with thanks
beyond adequate expression.
Hopefully, this research paper will be useful for those who wants to study
the Henrik Ibsen’s play Hedda Gabler and enrich the reader‘s knowledge dealing with
the individual psychological approach. I realize that the research paper is still far from
being perfect. Therefore supportive criticism and suggestion are needed to make this
research paper later.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, March 8th 2015
The Writer
Maya Berlian Primadani
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ........................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................. ii
ACCEPTANCE ........................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ....................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION .............................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .............................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................... x
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. xiv
CHAPTER I:
INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1
A.
Background of the Study........................................ 1
B.
Literature Review ................................................... 7
C.
Problem Statements................................................ 11
D.
Limitation of the Study .......................................... 11
E.
Objectives of the Study .......................................... 11
F.
Benefits of the Study .............................................. 11
G.
Research Method ................................................... 12
H.
Paper Organization ................................................. 15
x
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................. 16
A.
Notion of Individual Psychology ........................... 16
B.
Basic Concept of Individual Psychology .............. 17
1. Inferiority Feeling ........................................ 18
2. Striving of Superiority .................................. 18
3. Fiction Finalism............................................ 19
4. Style of Life .................................................. 20
5. Social Interest ............................................... 22
6. Creative Power ............................................. 23
C.
Notion of Love Affair ............................................ 23
D.
Structural Elements of Play.................................... 25
1. Character and Characterization .................... 26
2. Setting........................................................... 27
3. Plot ............................................................... 29
a. Exposition ............................................... 30
b. Complication .......................................... 30
c. Climax..................................................... 31
d. Resolution ............................................... 31
4. Theme ........................................................... 32
5. Style .............................................................. 32
E.
Theoretical Application.......................................... 34
xi
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ............................................. 35
A.
The Structural Element of the Play ........................ 35
1. Character and Characterization ......................... 35
a. Major Character ........................................... 35
b. Minor Character .......................................... 40
2. Setting ............................................................... 43
a. Setting of Time ............................................ 43
b. Setting of Place............................................ 44
c. Social Setting ............................................... 45
3. Plot .................................................................... 45
a. Exposition .................................................... 46
b. Complication ............................................... 47
c. Climax ......................................................... 49
d. Resolution.................................................... 49
4. Theme................................................................ 50
5. Style .................................................................. 51
B.
Discussion ............................................................. 54
CHAPTER IV: INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ............. 59
A.
Individual Psychological Analysis ......................... 59
1. Inferiority Feeling ............................................. 59
2. Striving of Superiority ...................................... 62
3. Fiction Finalism ................................................ 66
xii
4. Style of Life ...................................................... 68
5. Social Interest .................................................... 71
6. Creative Power .................................................. 73
B.
Discussion ............................................................. 75
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................... 79
A.
Conclusion ............................................................. 79
B.
Pedagogical Implication ........................................ 80
C.
Suggestion .............................................................. 81
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xiii
ABSTRACT
Maya Berlian Primadani. A 320110007. LOVE AFFAIR REFLECTED AT HENRIK
IBSEN’S HEDDA GABLER PLAY (1890); AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL
APPROACH. RESEARCH PAPER. SURAKARTA: SCHOOL OF TEACHER
TRAINING AND EDUCATION. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF
SURAKARTA. 2015
The major problem of this study is how love affair is reflected in Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda
Gabler. The objective if this study is to analyze the play based on the individual
psychological analysis.
In analyzing Hedda Gabler, the writer uses qualitative method and individual
psychological approach. The data sources consist of primary data and secondary data
sources. The primary data source is the Hedda Gabler play itself and the secondary data
sources are the other sources related to the analysis such as the author’s biography,
books of literary theory and individual psychologist. The method of the data collection
is library research. The technique of data analysis is descriptive analysis.
The result of the study shows the following conclusion. Based on Individual
Psychological Approach, Hedda Gabler play shows love affair happens in Hedda as the
major character in this play.
Keywords: Love Affair, Hedda Gabler, Individual Psychological Approach.
xiv