ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM BASISDATA KESISWAAN SMA YP AL-CHASANAH

  Jurusan Teknik Informatika Program Studi Strata-1

  Skripsi Sarjana Komputer Semester Genap tahun 2006

  

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN

SISTEM BASISDATA KESISWAAN SMA YP AL-CHASANAH

Cindy Amelia 0600652540 Indrian Thovany Ayu Anggita 0600652704 Maharani Danu 0600652710

  

Kelas / Kelompok : 08 PBT / 02

Abstrak

  Perancangan sistem basisdata pada SMA YP Al-Chasanah mempunyai tujuan untuk merancang sistem basisdata yang menerapkan infrastruktur yang baik dalam perancangan aplikasi-aplikasi yang dibutuhkan oleh sekolah, sehingga mempermudah pengelolaan data dan perolehan informasi secara cepat dan akurat, merancang sistem basisdata yang mendukung kebutuhan informasi dari sistem secara lengkap. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam perancangan antara lain, metode penemuan fakta (Fact Finding Method), metode perancangan basisdata. Perancangan basisdata juga dapat mendukung perkembangan kegiatan-kegiatan administrasi sekolah menjadi lebih terkomputerisasi secara terstruktur sehingga kegiatan-kegiatan administrasi menjadi lebih optimal, selain itu dapat melindungi system basisdata dengan menggunakan

  

password (user identification) , mekanisme pengontrolan akses, serta pemeliharaan

  sistem basisdata secara teratur yang dapat meminimalisasi kerusakan atau kegagalan pada fungsi si stem basisdata.

  Kata Kunci:

  Sistem basisdata, perancangan sistem basisdata, administrasi sekolah, password, metode

PRAKATA

  Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat dan bimbingan-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini dengan baik dan tepat waktu. Skripsi yang disusun merupakan hasil analisis dan perancangan Sistem Basisdata yang ditujukan untuk SMA YP Al-Chasanah. Skripsi ini berjudul “Analisis dan Perancangan Sistem Basisdata Kesiswaan SMA YP Al-Chasanah” dibuat sebagai salah satu syarat untuk menyelesaikan program studi Strata-1 di Universitas Bina Nusantara.

  Dengan selesainya skripsi ini, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar- besarnya kepada:

  1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Drs. Gerardus Polla, M.App.Sc, selaku Rektor Universitas Bina Nusantara.

  2. Bapak Sablin Yusuf, M.Comp.Sc, selaku Dekan Universitas Bina Nusantara.

  3. Bapak H. Muhammad Subekti, M.Sc, selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Informatika Universitas Bina Nusantara.

  4. selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang telah banyak Bapak Muhammad Tassim Billah, memberikan saran dan bimbingan dalam mengarahkan penulisan skripsi ini.

  5. Bapak Esnoe selaku koordinator bidang pendidikan YP Al-Chasanah, Bapak Rizal Ardiansyah selaku Kepala Sekolah SMA YP Al-Chasanah, Ibu Retno selaku Wakil Kepala Sekolah YP Al-Chasanah dan Bapak Solochin selaku Wakil Kepala Sekolah bidang Kesiswaan, yang telah memberikan kesempatan bagi penulis untuk

  6. Seluruh staf pengajar Jurusan Teknik Informatika Bina Nusantara yang telah memberikan ilmu pengetahuan dan bimbingan selama penulis menuntut ilmu di Universitas Bina Nusantara.

  8. Seluruh rekan dan pihak yang telah banyak membantu penyusunan skripsi ini baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu. Penulis berharap ini dapat dijadikan pengembangan Sistem Basisdata bagi SMA

  YP Al-Chasanah untuk waktu yang akan datang. Segala kritik dan saran yang membangun akan diterima dengan senang hati. Akhir kata penulis berharap skripsi ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi SMA YP Al-Chasanah maupun pembaca.

  Jakarta, 18 Juni 2006 Penulis

DAFTAR ISI

  i Halaman Judul Luar ................................................................................................... ii Halaman Judul Dalam ................................................................................................ iii Halaman Persetujuan Softcover ................................................................................ iv Abstrak ......................................................................................................................... v Prakata ......................................................................................................................... vii Daftar Isi ....................................................................................................................... xiii Daftar Tabel ................................................................................................................. xiv Daftar Gambar ............................................................................................................

  BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar Belakang ....................................................................................... 1 1.2. Ruang Lingkup ...................................................................................... 3 1.3. Tujuan dan Manfaat ............................................................................... 3 1.4. Metodologi Penelitian ............................................................................ 4

  1.5 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................ 6

  BAB 2 LANDASAN TEORI 2.1. Pendekatan Basisdata ............................................................................ 8 2.1.1. Pengertian Basisdata .................................................................. 8 2.1.2. Pengertian Sistem Basisdata ...................................................... 9 2.1.3. Database Management System (DBMS) ................................... 9 2.1.3.1. Pengertian DBMS ...................................................... 9

  2.1.3.3. Fungsi DBMS ............................................................ 11 2.1.4. Data Definition Language (DDL) ............................................. 13 2.1.5.

  Data Manipulation Language (DML) ........................................ 13

  th 2.1.6. GL (Generation Language) ..................................................

  14

  4 2.1.7.

  15 Siklus Hidup Database ..............................................................

  2.1.7.1. Database Planning ...................................................... 16 2.1.7.2.

  System Definition ........................................................ 17 2.1.7.3. Requirements Collection and Analysis ...................... 18 2.1.7.4. Database Design ......................................................... 18 2.1.7.5. DBMS Selection .......................................................... 21 2.1.7.6. Application Design ..................................................... 21 2.1.7.7. Prototyping ................................................................. 24 2.1.7.8. Implementation ........................................................... 25 2.1.7.9. Data Conversion and Loading ................................... 25 2.1.7.10.

  Testing ........................................................................ 25 2.1.7.11. Operation Maintenance ............................................... 26 2.1.8. Tahap-tahap Perancangan Basisdata ......................................... 26 2.1.8.1.

  Perancangan Konseptual Basisdata ............................. 26 2.1.8.2. Perancangan Logikal Basisdata .................................. 27 2.1.8.3. Perancangan Fisikal Basisdata ................................... 28 2.1.9.

  29 Model Entity Relationship .........................................................

  2.1.9.1 Tipe Entity ...................................................................

  29

  2.1.9.3 Tipe Atribut .................................................................

  34 2.1.9.4 Tipe Key ......................................................................

  35 2.1.9.5 Tipe Entity Kuat (Strong) Dan Lemah (Weak) ............

  36 2.1.9.6 Tipe Struktural Constraint ...........................................

  37 2.1.10.

  42 Normalisasi ................................................................................

  2.1.10.1.

  42 Pengertian Normalisasi ............................................

  2.1.10.2.

  42 Proses Normalisasi ...................................................

  2.2.

  46 Teori State Transaction Diagram (STD) ................................................

  2.3.

  47 Pengertian Penjadwalan .........................................................................

  2.4.

  48 Pengertian Absensi ................................................................................

  2.5.

  48 Pengertian Penilaian ...............................................................................

  2.6.

  49 Pengertian Pembayaran .........................................................................

  BAB 3 ANALISIS SISTEM YANG SEDANG BERJALAN 3.1. Tentang Sekolah Al-Chasanah .............................................................. 51 3.1.1. Sejarah Sekolah Al-Chasanah ................................................... 51 3.1.2. Tujuan Sekolah Al-Chasanah .................................................... 53 3.1.3. Visi dan Misi Sekolah Al-Chasanah .......................................... 53 3.1.4. Kegiatan Bisnis Utama .............................................................. 54 3.1.5. Struktur Sekolah Al-Chasanah .................................................. 54 3.1.6. Wewenang dan Tanggung Jawab .............................................. 55 3.2. Diagram Sistem yang Berjalan .............................................................. 59 3.2.1. Data Flow Diagram (DFD) ........................................................ 59

  3.3. Permasalahan yang Dihadapi ................................................................ 66 3.4.

  Analisis Kebutuhan Informasi ............................................................... 67

  3.5. Usulan Pemecahan Masalah .................................................................. 69

  BAB 4 PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI 4.1.

  71 Perancangan Database ..........................................................................

  4.1.1. Perancangan Database Konseptual .............................................

  71 4.1.1.1. Mengidentifikasi Tipe Entity .......................................

  71 4.1.1.2. Mengidentifikasi Tipe Relasi ......................................

  75 4.1.1.3. Identifikasi Dan Asosiasi Atribut Suatu Entity ..........

  78 4.1.1.4. Identifikasi Atribut Domains ......................................

  92 4.1.1.5. Identifikasi Kandidat Key Dan Primary Key .............

  96

  4.1.1.6. Validasi Model Lokal Konseptual Dengan Transaksi- Transaksi Pengguna ....................................................

  98

  4.1.2. Perancangan Database Logikal ................................................... 101

  4.1.2.1. Penghilangan Fitur-Fitur Yang Tidak Kompatible ..... 101

  4.1.2.2. Menurunkan Relasi-Relasi Ke Data Model Lokal Logikal ........................................................................ 106

  4.1.2.3. Normalisasi ................................................................. 116

  4.1.2.4. Pembuatan Model Basisdata Global Loikal ............... 123

  4.1.2.5. Model Diagram Relasional Global ............................. 129

  4.1.3. Perancangan Basisdata Fisikal ................................................... 131

  4.1.3.1. Perancangan Rasional Basisdata ................................ 131

  4.1.3.2. Perancangan Constraints ............................................ 158

  4.1.3.3. Analisa Transaksi ....................................................... 159

  4.1.3.4. Mengestimasi Kapasitas Penyimpanan Yang Dibutuhkan ................................................................. 163

  4.1.3.5. Merancang Mekanisme Keamanan ............................ 169

  4.1.3.6. Pemilihan DBMS ........................................................ 172 4.2.

  174 Rancangan Aplikasi ..............................................................................

  4.2.1. Struktur Menu ............................................................................. 174

  4.2.2. State Transation Diagram ........................................................... 175

  4.2.3. Spesifikasi Proses ...................................................................... 183 4.3.

  215 Rancangan Input Dan Output ................................................................

  4.3.1.

  215 Rancangan Input .......................................................................

  4.3.2.

  225 Rancangan Output .....................................................................

  4.4. Implementasi ......................................................................................... 233 4.4.1.

  233 Spesifikasi Perangkat Keras (Hardware) ...................................

  4.4.2.

  234 Spesifikasi Perangkat Lunak (Software) ....................................

  4.4.3.

  234 Jadwal Implementasi .................................................................

  4.4.4.

  236 Cara Pengoperasian Aplikasi .....................................................

  4.5. Evaluasi Sistem ..................................................................................... 280

  4.5.1. Evaluasi Dari Sisi Pengguna ..................................................... 280

  4.5.2. Evaluasi Dari Sisi DBMS ......................................................... 283

  BAB 5 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1.

  287 Simpulan ................................................................................................

  5.2.

  288

  DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................................. DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP .................................................................................... LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................................. FOTOCOPY SURAT SURVEY ................................................................................

  289 290 293 294

DAFTAR TABEL

  42 Tabel 2.1 Kesimpulan dari Beberapa Multiplicity Constraint .......................................

Tabel 3.1 Tabel User View ............................................................................................

  68 Tabel 3.2 Tabel Analisa Kebutuhan Informasi ..............................................................

  69 Tabel 4.1 Kamus Data Entity ....................................................................................... 72

Tabel 4.2. Kamus Data Relationship ............................................................................. 77 Tabel 4.3. Identifikasi Attribute dan Domain Attribute .................................................

  78 Tabel 4.4. Determine Attribute Domains ...................................................................... 92 Tabel 4.5 Identifikasi Candidate Key dan Primary Key ................................................

  96 Tabel 4.6 Tipe Entiti Yang Kuat ................................................................................... 106

Tabel 4.7 Tipe Entiti Yang Lemah ................................................................................ 107Tabel 4.8 Pembuatan Model Basisdata Logikal Global ................................................ 124Tabel 4.9 Analisis Transaksi ......................................................................................... 159Tabel 4.10 Tabel Perbandingan MS SQL Server 2000 dengan Microsoft Office ……. 172Table 4.11 Spesifikasi Perangkat Keras ........................................................................ 233Table 4.12 Spesifikasi Perangkat Lunak ....................................................................... 234Tabel 4.13 Jadwal Implementasi ................................................................................... 235Tabel 4.14 Tabel Pertanyaan no. 1 ................................................................................. 280Tabel 4.15 Tabel Pertanyaan no. 2 ................................................................................ 281Tabel 4.16 Tabel Pertanyaan no. 3 ................................................................................ 281Tabel 4.17 Tabel Pertanyaan no. 4 ................................................................................ 282

DAFTAR GAMBAR

  15 Gambar 2.1 Siklus Hidup Database ................................................................................

Gambar 2.2 Tipe Entity ................................................................................................. 30Gambar 2.3 Tipe Relasi ................................................................................................. 31Gambar 2.4 Diagram ER Relationship .......................................................................... 31Gambar 2.5 Binary Relationship ................................................................................... 32Gambar 2.6 Ternary Relationship ................................................................................. 32 Gambar 2.7 Quarternary Relationship ...........................................................................

  33 Gambar 2.8 Recursive Relationship .............................................................................. 33

Gambar 2.9 Unary Relationship .................................................................................... 34Gambar 2.10 Diagram dari Staff dan Branch serta Atributnya ..................................... 36Gambar 2.11 Strong dan Weak Entity Type ................................................................. 37Gambar 2.12 Semantic Net Multiplicity 1:1 ................................................................. 38Gambar 2.13 Multiplicity 1:1 ........................................................................................ 38Gambar 2.14 Semantic Net Multiplicity 1:* ................................................................. 39Gambar 2.15 Multiplicity 1:* ........................................................................................ 49Gambar 2.16 Semantic Net Multiplicity *:* ................................................................. 40Gambar 2.17 Multiplicity *:* ........................................................................................ 40Gambar 2.18 Semantic Net Multiplicity Ternary Relationship Registes ...................... 41Gambar 2.19 Multiplicity dari Ternary Relationship Registers .................................... 41Gambar 3.1 Struktur Organisasi .................................................................................... 54Gambar 3.2 Diagram Konteks ....................................................................................... 58Gambar 3.3 Diagram Nol .............................................................................................. 59Gambar 3.4 Diagram Alir Prosedur Pembayaran SPP .................................................. 60 Gambar 3.5 Diagram Alir Prosedur Absensi .................................................................

  61 Gambar 3.6 Diagram Aliran Prosedur Penjadwalan ..................................................... 62

Gambar 3.7 Diagram Alir Prosedur Kasus Pelanggaran ............................................... 63Gambar 3.8 Diagram Aliran Prosedur Penilaian ........................................................... 65 Gambar 4.1 Identifikasi Tipe Relasi ..............................................................................

  76 Gambar

  4.2 Validasi model lokal konseptual dengan transaksi pengguna .................. 98

Gambar 4.3 Model Diagram Relasional Global ............................................................ 129Gambar 4.4 Struktur Menu ............................................................................................ 174Gambar 4.5 STD Awal .................................................................................................. 175Gambar 4.6 STD Menu Utama ...................................................................................... 175Gambar 4.7 STD Siswa ................................................................................................. 176Gambar 4.8 STD Guru .................................................................................................. 176Gambar 4.9 STD Tata Usaha ......................................................................................... 176Gambar 4.10 STD Petugas Loket .................................................................................. 177Gambar 4.11 STD Mata Pelajaran ................................................................................. 177Gambar 4.12 STD Point Pelanggaran ........................................................................... 177Gambar 4.13 STD Nilai Kurang .................................................................................... 178Gambar 4.14 STD Kelas ................................................................................................ 178Gambar 4.15 STD Buku Panduan ................................................................................. 178Gambar 4.17 STD Transaksi SPP ................................................................................. 179Gambar 4.18 STD Transaksi Absensi ........................................................................... 179Gambar 4.19 STD Transaksi Jadwal ............................................................................. 180Gambar 4.20 STD Transaksi Pelanggaran .................................................................... 180Gambar 4.21 STD Transaksi Penilaian ......................................................................... 180Gambar 4.22 STD Laporan SPP .................................................................................... 181Gambar 4.23 STD Laporan Absensi ............................................................................. 181Gambar 4.24 STD Laporan Jadwal ............................................................................... 181Gambar 4.25 STD Laporan Pelanggaran ....................................................................... 182Gambar 4.26 STD Laporan Penilaian ........................................................................... 182Gambar 4.27 Rancangan Form Login ........................................................................... 215Gambar 4.28 Rancangan Form Change Password ........................................................ 215Gambar 4.29 Rancangan Form Data Siswa ................................................................... 216Gambar 4.30 Rancang Form Data Guru ........................................................................ 216Gambar 4.31 Rancangan Form Data Tata Usaha .......................................................... 217Gambar 4.32 Rancangan Form Data Petugas Loket ..................................................... 217Gambar 4.33 Rancangan Form Data Mata Pelajaran .................................................... 218Gambar 4.34 Rancangan Form Data Point Pelanggaran ............................................... 218Gambar 4.35 Rancangan Form Data Nilai Minimal ..................................................... 218Gambar 4.36 Rancangan Form Data Kelas ................................................................... 219Gambar 4.37 Rancangan Form Data Buku Panduan ..................................................... 219Gambar 4.38 Rancangan Form Data Pengajar .............................................................. 220Gambar 4.39 Rancangan Form Transaksi Pembayaran SPP ......................................... 220Gambar 4.40 Rancangan Form Transaksi Penjadwalan ................................................. 221Gambar 4.41 Rancangan Form Transaksi Absensi ....................................................... 221Gambar 4.42 Rancangan Form Transaksi Pelanggaran ................................................ 222Gambar 4.43 Rancangan Form Transaksi Penilaian ..................................................... 222Gambar 4.44 Rancangan Form Laporan Pembayaran SPP ........................................... 223Gambar 4.45 Rancangan Form Laporan Penjadwalan .................................................. 223Gambar 4.46 Rancangan Form Laporan Absensi .......................................................... 224Gambar 4.47 Rancangan Form Laporan Pelanggaran ................................................... 224Gambar 4.48 Rancangan Form Laporan Penilaian ........................................................ 225Gambar 4.49 Rancangan Output Laporan Pembayaran SPP Siswa .............................. 226Gambar 4.50 Rancangan Output Laporan Pembayaran SPP Bulan .............................. 226Gambar 4.51 Rancangan Output Laporan Pembayaran SPP Kelas .............................. 227Gambar 4.52 Rancangan Output Laporan Absensi Siswa ............................................. 227Gambar 4.53 Rancangan Output Laporan Absensi Kelas ............................................. 228Gambar 4.54 Rancangan Output Laporan Absensi Bulan ............................................. 228Gambar 4.55 Rancangan Output Laporan Penjadwalan Siswa ..................................... 229Gambar 4.56 Rancangan Output Laporan Penjadwalan Guru ...................................... 229Gambar 4.57 Rancangan Output Laporan Penjadwalan Matpel ................................... 230Gambar 4.58 Rancangan Output Laporan Penjadwalan Kelas ..................................... 230Gambar 4.59 Rancangan Output Laporan Pelanggaran Siswa ...................................... 231Gambar 4.60 Rancangan Output Laporan Pelanggaran Kelas ...................................... 231Gambar 4.62 Rancangan Output Laporan Penilaian Siswa .......................................... 232Gambar 4.63 Rancangan Output Laporan Penilaian Guru ............................................ 232Gambar 4.64 Rancangan Output Laporan Penilaian Matpel ......................................... 233Gambar 4.65 User Interface Login ................................................................................ 236Gambar 4.67 Tampilan Message Box Peringatan .......................................................... 237Gambar 4.68 Tampilan Ubah Password ........................................................................ 237Gambar 4.69 User Interface Menu Utama .................................................................... 238Gambar 4.70 User Interface Menu File ......................................................................... 239

  Gambar 4.71User Interface Menu Pendataan Untuk Guru .......................................... 240

Gambar 4.72 User Interface Menu Pendataan Untuk Tata Usaha ................................. 243Gambar 4.73 User Interface Menu Pendataan Untuk Petugas Loket ............................ 242Gambar 4.74 User Interface Siswa ................................................................................ 243Gambar 4.75 User Interface Guru ................................................................................. 244Gambar 4.76 User Interface Tata Usaha ....................................................................... 246Gambar 4.77 User Interface Petugas Loket ................................................................... 247Gambar 4.78 User Interface Mata Pelajaran ................................................................. 249Gambar 4.79 User Interface Buku Panduan …….......................................................... 250Gambar 4.80 User Interface Pengajar ........................................................................... 252Gambar 4.81 User Interface Point Pelanggaran ............................................................ 253Gambar 4.82 User Interface Nilai Minimal ................................................................... 255Gambar 4.83 User Interface Data Kelas ........................................................................ 256Gambar 4.84 User Interface Menu Transaksi Untuk Guru ........................................... 258Gambar 4.86 User Interface Menu Transaksi Untuk Tata Usaha ................................. 260Gambar 4.87 User Interface Transaksi Pembayaran SPP ............................................. 261Gambar 4.88 User Interface Transaksi Penjadwalan .................................................... 263Gambar 4.89 User Interface Transaksi Absensi ............................................................ 265Gambar 4.90 User Interface Transaksi Pelanggaran ..................................................... 268Gambar 4.91 User Interface Transaksi Penilaian .......................................................... 270Gambar 4.92 User Interface Menu Laporan Untuk Petugas Loket ................................ 272Gambar 4.93 User Interface Menu Laporan Untuk Guru ............................................... 273

  Gambar 4.94User Interface Menu Laporan Untuk Tata Usaha ..................................... 274

Gambar 4.95 User Interface Laporan Pembayaran SPP ................................................ 275Gambar 4.96 User Interface Laporan Penjadwalan ....................................................... 276Gambar 4.97 User Interface Laporan Absensi .............................................................. 277Gambar 4.98 User Interface Laporan Pelanggaran ....................................................... 278Gambar 4.99 User Interface Laporan Penilaian ............................................................ 279

  Gambar 4.100 Diagram Pertanyaan no. 1 ...................................................................... 280 Gambar 4.101 Diagram Pertanyaan no. 2 ..................................................................... 281 Gambar 4.102 Diagram Pertanyaan no. 3 ..................................................................... 281 Gambar 4.103 Diagram Pertanyaan no. 4 ..................................................................... 282 Gambar 4.104 Gambar Pertanyaan no. 5 ....................................................................... 283