Error analysis of the English compositions of the IC students of the academic year 2010-2011 - Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya Repository
Appendices
TABLE OF DATA ANALYSIS
Types of Errors Students Sentences Errors of Errors of Errors of Errors of Causes of the Errors Addition Omission Substitution Ordering1. I had many experienced when I joined in √ Æ The student made errors in using the words
IC students , for example I could get many
“experience”. He should use “experience” in the friends from IC and the other from out IC. form of noun because many is always followed by noun. The right one is “experiences”
√ Æ There was also error in using the words. It would be better if he use the word “IC class” instead of “IC students”.
2. When I joind in the class to learnt , our √ Æ The student also made errors in using the to teacher usually did something for us. infinitive form. To would always be followed by
1 present verb.
3. I proud of my lecturers because of them √ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences. made us happy to learn anything.
The correct one should be “I was proud”. √
Æ The student used the wrong pronoun in his sentences. He used “them” instead of “they”.
4. I am writing about my experienced in my √ Æ The student made errors in using the words class and around of it.
“experience”. He should use experience in the form of noun because many is always followed by noun.
1. On this composition I am writing about √ Æ There was a tense shifting in the sentence. my new experiences that I have never
She changed the tense from present into gotten before I joined in the IC classes. present perfect. The correct verb form should be
2 “I never get”.
2. This experience makes me satisfy become √ Æ The student should use the verb-ing form an IC student. after the word “satisfy”. The correct one should
Types of Errors Students Sentences Causes of the Errors Errors of Errors of Errors of Errors of Addition Omission Substitution Ordering
3. And it has become my unforgettable √ Æ There was a tense shifting in the sentence. moment.
She changed the tense from present into present perfect. The correct verb form should be “and it becomes my unforgettable moment”.
4. Those projects taught me how to be √ Æ The student should use “to” instead of “with” respectful with our environment. after the word “respectful”.
makes want
5. That project me excited and I √ Æ There was a tense shifting. On the previous to do that again when I have a chance. sentence, the student used past tense. The
2 correct one should be “those project made me excited and I wanted to do that again when I had a chance.”.
much
6. It was so much fun and there were √ Æ The student used the wrong term of many lesson that I got, how to work in a group. and much. Lesson is a countable noun, he should use many lessons instead of much lesson.
7. I hope I can get more experiences which √ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences. more challenging in the upper semester.
The correct one should be “experiences which are more challenging in the upper semester”.
1. I’d like to tell you about pleasant things √ Æ The use of plural form is not needed here. that I experienced as an IC students .
The right answer should be as an IC student because article “an” is always followed by singular noun. The right one is “I experienced as
3 an IC student”.
2. The second thing is when we are all √ Æ The student wrote the wrong form of present prepared for the welcome party. continuous tense. She should write “preparing” instead of “prepared”.
Students Sentences Types of Errors Causes of the Errors Errors of Addition Errors of Omission Errors of Substitution Errors of Ordering
Æ She used the wrong form of comparative. She did not need to add more when the adjective is only one syllable. The correct one is “I had to stay in campus longer” Æ She made errors in using the word “for” where it should be followed by verb-ing. The right one is “for doing the singing exercise”.
√ Æ The student wrote the wrong term of modals.
3. First, I was happy that I could met a lot of new friends.
√ Æ There was a tense shifting. On the previous sentence, the student used past tense, but then she used present tense. The correct one should be “included”.
2. IC classes were covered some regular classes IC interest group classes, which I took story telling for it, and also some practicum classes include the workbook classes and LMM classes.
√ Æ The student used the wrong article. She should use “the” instead of “a”.
1. As I was the first semester student of FKIP PSP Bhs Inggris, I had to take IC classes as a starter.
4
6. Now, the IC classes is almost end. √ Æ She used the wrong form of to-be. After the plural noun, she should use “are” instead of “is”.
√ √
3
longer for do the singing exercise.
more
5. I had to stay in campus
Instead of was, she should have written were.
√ Æ The student use the wrong term of to be.
4. There was singing group, dancing group, drama group, and video group.
√ Æ The student wrote the wrong form of past continuous tense. She should write “preparing” instead of “prepared”.
3. The first briefing we discussed about the purpose of joining the welcome party and we were prepared for the group performances.
She put past verb after the modal. The right
Students Sentences Types of Errors Causes of the Errors Errors of Addition Errors of Omission Errors of Substitution Errors of Ordering
√ Æ There was a tense shifting in the sentence.
2. It’s talk about basic in English, we are learning about grammar, vocab, and many √
√ Æ The student made errors in using the to infinitive form. To would always be followed by present verb.
thought that the people who can speak English are amazing and cool.
1. The first of all, I like to studying here because I love English so and at first time I
5
√ Æ The wrong form of conditional sentences. The right one should be “if I do errors”.
9. And for the lecturers, I just want to say sorry if I did mistakes in every single way.
Modals are always followed by present verb. The right answer should be “I could do everything”.
√ Æ The student wrote the wrong term of modals.
8. I hope that I could done everything well this semester.
She changed the tense from past into present. The correct verb form should be “that was all that”.
7. That is all that I can share about my unforgettable memory of IC 2010.
4
√ Æ The student also made errors in using the to infinitive form. To would always be followed by present verb.
us awake in IC classes.
kept
6. They knew every way to
She should use the plural form of the noun. The right one is “the lecturers were cool.
√ Æ The students did not write the correct noun.
were cool, they were so kind and patiend and they were also really fun.
lecturer
5. The
√ Æ The student picked the wrong word. It would be better if she used “even though”.
4. They were really good friends and I could get along very well with them but not all of them.
Æ The student wrote the wrong form of present continuous tense. She should write “talking”
Types of Errors Students Sentences Causes of the Errors Errors of Errors of Errors of Errors of Addition Omission Substitution Ordering
3. The hardest part when I must studying √ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences.
the grammar.
The correct one should “the hardest part was when I”. √ Æ The student wrote the wrong term of modals.
Modals are always followed by present verb. The right answer should be “I must study the grammar”.
4. Because at first when I was in junior high √ Æ She picked the wrong word. It would be school I really hate English because the better if she used “mean”. teacher was so killer .
5. From this, I really have a true friends who √ Æ The student used the article wrongly. She can accept me whoever I am. should not add “a” in plural noun. The correct one should be “i really have true friends”.
5
6. I also have a best lecturers who teaches √ Æ The student used the article wrongly. She me with theirs patient so I can learn English should not add “a” in plural noun. The correct better. one should be “I also have best lecturers”.
√ Æ She also used the wrong form of present tense. When the subject was plural, it was not needed to add s/es to the verb. The correct one should be “best lecturers who teach me“.
√ Æ The use of “theirs” was also wrong. She should write the possessive adjective form instead of the possessive pronoun. The right answer should be “me with their patient”.
Types of Errors Students Sentences Causes of the Errors Errors of Errors of Errors of Errors of Addition Omission Substitution Ordering
7. And now I always get practice in speaking √ Æ She used the wrong form of present tense.
with my little sister and my cousins who When the subject was plural, it was not needed really likes speak in English. to add s/es to the verb. The correct one should be “my cousins who really like”.
√ Æ She also write the wrong term of ”like”. She should add “ing” to the verb or “to” before the
5 verb. The correct one should be “my cousins who really likes speaking in English”.
8. The best part’s when I tried to help the √ Æ The student made errors in using the to poor family to taught English. infinitive form. To would always be followed by present verb. The correct one should be “the poor family to teach English”.
1. It is all about college student who has a √ Æ The student should use the verb-ing form new beginning in next step after finished a after the word “after”. The correct one should senior high school. be “in next step after finishing”.
2. … my name is Sheren. And I was a college √ Æ There was a tense shifting in her sentence. At student in an English Department. I was in first she used present tense but in the following the first semester of this college. I join the sentence she used past tense. The right one is class which calls
IC classes.
“And I am a college student in an English
6 Department. I am in the first semester of this college.
√ Æ She used the wrong form of passive. The right one is “the class which is called IC classes”
3. Whether you like or don’t like with your √ Æ It would be better if she did not add the partner. auxiliary verb. The correct one should be
Types of Errors Students Sentences Causes of the Errors Errors of Errors of Errors of Errors of Addition Omission Substitution Ordering
4. Not depend on someone’s work or think , √ Æ The student made errors in using the words 6 but yours truly.
“think”. She should use “think” in the form of . The right one is “thinking”.
’m
1. My name is Bayu Satya Permana, I √ Æ The tense used was wrong. The student
joining in English Department student since
should use present perfect continuous. The right 2010. one is “i have been joining in English Department”
2. Actually I must joined the IC classes at the √ Æ The student wrote the wrong term of modals.
first semester.
Modals are always followed by present verb.
3. When I was joining IC, I met a few friends √ Æ It would be better if the student did not add and I learned how about to make a good the word “about”. relationship with my new friends.
4. If we will want to know about friends, we √ Æ The student used the conditional sentence must meet him or her more intensive . form wrongly. He should not add modals after
7 “if”. The right one is “if we want to know about friends”.
√ Æ He also made errors in using the words “intensive”. He should use “intensive” in the form of adverb. The right one is “intensively”.
5. Because, nobody ’s know about his or her √ Æ He also made errors in using the words feel about us.
“feel”. He should use “feel” in the form of noun. The right one is “feeling”.
6. Sometimes, she will be a good friends for √ Æ He used the wrong form of singular-plural me, but now, she being my enemy because form. He should not add “s” after the article “a”. she never told to me what her problem The right one is “she will be a good friend”.
Types of Errors Students Sentences Causes of the Errors Errors of Errors of Errors of Errors of Addition Omission Substitution Ordering
v Æ He ignored to-be in his sentence. The right one is “she is being my enemy”.
√ Æ There was a tense shifting in his sentence. He changed the tense from present into past. The right one is “she never tells”
7. At the first semester in my class, I haven’t √ Æ The student used the wrong tense. It would got a new friends. be better if he used past tense instead of present perfect because there was an exact time. The right one is “I did not get”.
√ Æ He also used the wrong form of article. He
7 should not add the article “a” when the subject was plural. The right one is “i did not get new friends”.
8. From this moment, we’re having a like an √ Æ The students should not add the article organization. before the word “like”.
9. She always told to everyone about me √ Æ The student used the wrong tense. He should and her which not true. use present tense instead of past tense. The right one is “she always tells to everyone”.
√ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences.
The correct one should be “which is not true”.
1. What you get in school, you will get it √ Æ The student used the wrong tense. It would again in IC. be better if he used present perfect. The right one is “what you have gotten in school”.
8
2. Not only that, in IC, much experience , like √ Æ The student should use many instead of in every party which held by IC, I find much because experience is a countable noun.
Types of Errors Students Sentences Causes of the Errors Errors of Errors of Errors of Errors of Addition Omission Substitution Ordering
3. I proud to be English Department student √ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences. in Widya Mandala.
The correct one should be “I am proud to be”.
8 √
Æ The student ignored the article in his sentences. The correct one should be “I am proud to be an English Department”.
1. It is about what my feelings are when I √ Æ The student ignored the article in his became IC student until this final exam. sentences. The correct one should “I became an IC student”.
become
2. Back to the past, when I a √ Æ It would be better if the student used past
student university I had this PPK, one day
tense because the situation is in the past. The fun, welcome party, etc. right one is “when i became”. √
Æ The student should write “university student” instead of “student university”.
3. It was fun that I did not realized that IC is √ Æ The student used the negative form of past done. tense wrongly. The correct answer should be “I
9 did not realize”.
√ Æ There was also a tense shifting in his sentence. The correct one should be “IC was done”.
4. There is so much party in IC and I love √ Æ The student used the plural form wrongly. party, maybe I will join the next year party.
The right answer should be “There are so many parties”.
5. Although I am not IC student anymore. √ Æ The student ignored the article in his sentences. The correct one should be “I am not an IC student”.
Types of Errors Students Sentences Causes of the Errors Errors of Errors of Errors of Errors of Addition Omission Substitution Ordering
6. But the most exciting part of a party that √ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences. if you become one who doing it and become
The correct one should be “the most exciting the comitte . part of a party is that” and “one who is doing it”.
9
7. I have seen a lot of MC but I never √ Æ There was a tense shifting in his sentence. At became one. first he used the present perfect, but he changed it into past tense. The right one should be “i have never become one”.
1. How I must learnt so hard.
√ Æ The student wrote the wrong term of modals.
Modals are always followed by present verb. The right one is “how i must learn”.
2. I must attended .
√ Æ The student wrote the wrong term of modals.
Modals are always followed by present verb. The right one is “I must attend”.
3. About welcome party, hallowen party √ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences. until a December IC party. C class very
The correct one should be “C class was very interesting. interesting”.
10
4. So I tried to understand and tried learn √ Æ The student should not add the word “tried”.
more hard .
√ Æ The student used the comparative form wrongly. The right one should be “harder” because we could directly add –er to the one syllable noun.
5. All of them my friend when we belong in √ Æ The student did not add “s” in the noun. She
PPK groups. But I and Putri in IC B. Tabbie should write “my friends when we belong”. and Widya in IC A. And Kezia IC C.
Types of Errors Students Sentences Causes of the Errors Errors of Errors of Errors of Errors of Addition Omission Substitution Ordering
√ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences.
The correct one should be ”All of them are my friends when we belong in PPK groups. But I and Putri are in IC B. Tabbie and Widya are in IC A. And Kezia is IC C.”.
6. Sometimes when we been lazy. √ Æ The student used the wrong tense. The right one should be present tense because we know the frequency of the action. The right one is “sometimes we are lazy”.
7. He very kind, patient, and very generous. √ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences.
He make me enjoyed in class so we aren’t The correct one should be “He was very kind”. bored. In him class very enjoy and practicum √
Æ There was a tense shifting in his sentence. At class. first he used the past tense, but he changed it
10 into present tense. The right one should be “he made me enjoyed in class”.
8. I enjoying with her class so much because √ Æ The student used the wrong form of present she always calm. She explained all tense. The right one is “I enjoy with her class”. pronunciation so tidy . √ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences.
The correct one should be “she is always calm”. √
Æ The student also used the wrong adjective. It would be better if she wrote “clear” instead of “tidy”.
9. In IC party I belong to into drama class, I √ Æ It would be better is the student did not add must wear costumes. I very excited.
“into”. √ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences.
Types of Errors Students Sentences Causes of the Errors Errors of Errors of Errors of Errors of Addition Omission Substitution Ordering
1. For the last six months, I an IC student of √ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences. English Department.
The correct one should be “I am an IC student of English Department.”
hold
2. The first party was to celebrate our √ Æ The student used the form of passive coming. wrongly. She should use the past participle form.
11
3. Our second party was Halloween party. √ √ Æ The student should not use the word We had to costume like a ghost.
‘’costume” because “costume” is a noun. It will be better if she use “wear costume”.
4. That’s the nicest party because it was √ Æ The student used the form of passive hold by IC students. wrongly. She should use the past participle form.
The right one is “it was held”.
1. Want to know why? Because I’ve got √ Æ The student did not put the auxiliary verb in many extraordinary experience. her sentence. The right answer should be “Do you want to know why?”.
√ Æ The student forgot to use the plural form noun after the word “many”. The right one should be “I’ve got so many extraordinary experiences.”
12
2. There ’s new friends, new habits, and new √ Æ The student used the plural form wrongly. lifestyle.
She should write “There are new friends”.
3. First day when I followed the “PPK”, I √ Æ There was a tense shifting in the student’s know nothing. sentence. At first she used past tense but later she changed it into present tense. The correct answer is “I knew nothing”.
Types of Errors Students Sentences Causes of the Errors Errors of Errors of Errors of Errors of Addition Omission Substitution Ordering
4. But the people very friendly. They came √ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences. to me and introduce her/his self .
The correct one should be “But the people were very friendly.”.
12
5. The assignment that our lecturer gives are √ Æ The student used the wrong form of “help”. so help us to be more understand about the She should use “help” in the form of adjective. lesson.
The right one is “so helpful for us”.
1. And then, the most amazing memory of √ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences. welcome party FKIP 2010 that my dance
The correct one should be “FKIP 2010 was that group became a winner of the most my”. attractive nomination.
2. The program was so cool because there √ Æ There was a tense shifting in her sentence. At 13 was an American people come to celebrate first she used past tense but later she used The Halloween Party together. present tense. The right one is “American people came to celebrate”.
3. That was traditional cultures event. √ Æ The student ignored the article in his sentences. The correct one should be “that was a traditional”
1. I want to told about my experience in IC. √ Æ The student made errors in using the to
First time I saw IC is very difficult because IC infinitive form. To is followed by present verb.
is a basic for study .
√ Æ There was a tense shifting in his sentence. At first he used past tense but later he used
14 present tense. The right one is “I saw IC was very difficult because IC was a basic”.
√ Æ He also did not add verb-ing after “for”. The
Students Sentences Types of Errors Causes of the Errors Errors of Addition Errors of Omission Errors of Substitution Errors of Ordering
The correct one should be “All my friends are very kind”.
homework together, so we could study √
like play movie. I liked gathered some
2. I liked the lesson and the lecturer who
√ Æ The student forgot to add “to” after the word “want”. The right one should be “and I want to learn English”.
1. I chose English Department in Widya Mandala University because I liked English language and I want learn English language more seriously.
15
√ Æ The student made errors in using the words “suggest”. He should use “suggestion” as the form of noun not “suggest”.
6. And the third paragraph, I bring suggest for IC please give the materi more interest so we feel interest too.
√ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences.
14
5. IC B class is very condusif to study English. All my friends very kind if I felt any difficult material they want to help me.
The correct one should be “Mr. Yohanes was very happy.”
√ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences.
4. First time in IC B I’m very interest because Mr. Yohanes very happy to touch about the material.
3. We’re study about English basically. √ Æ The student wrote the wrong form of present continuous tense. She should write “we are studying” instead of “we are study”.
The correct one should be “all my friends were very good”.
Modals are always followed by present verb. The right one should be Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences.
√ √ Æ The student wrote the wrong term of modals.
2. I must told that I start in IC I feel very scared because I thing all my friend s very good in English.
Æ There was a tense shifting in her sentence. At first she used past tense but later she changed it into present tense. The right answer should be
Types of Errors Students Sentences Causes of the Errors Errors of Errors of Errors of Errors of Addition Omission Substitution Ordering
√ Æ She also write the wrong term of ”like”. She should add “ing” to the verb or “to” before the verb. The right answers are “the lecturer who liked playing movie” and “I liked gathering some homework”.
3. In second semester I felt it more difficult √ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences.
15 than in first semester.
The correct one should be “I felt it is more difficult”.
more hard
4. And I thought I must study in √ Æ The student used the comparative form this second semester. wrongly. The right one should be “harder” because we could directly add –er to the one syllable noun.
1. At first some of us were terrified, excited, √ Æ The student used the wrong to-be. The right and some was so so. one is “some were so so”.
2. After that there was IC party, we all had √ Æ There was a tense shifting in the sentence. At fun and i don’t think any of us were thinking first the student use past tense but later is was of thinking the farewells we were changed into present tense. The right one is “i 16 consentrating mostly on sweet rujak, pecel, did not think”. and other food and drinks that were there.
3. Time flew so fast, that i can’t believe it’s √ Æ There was a tense shifting in the sentence. At almost time to separate. first the student use past tense but later is was changed into present tense. The right one is “i could not believe”.
1. I can learned to practice it.
√ Æ The student wrote the wrong term of modals.
17 Modals are always followed by present verb.
Types of Errors Students Sentences Causes of the Errors Errors of Errors of Errors of Errors of Addition Omission Substitution Ordering
2. The lesson is not difficult enough to √ Æ The student wrote the wrong term of modals. understand, if the lecturer can made us Modals are always followed by present verb. excited to learn their lesson.
The right one should be “the lecturer can make”.
learned
3. I can English more with them. √ Æ The student wrote the wrong term of modals.
Modals are always followed by present verb. The right one should be “I can learn English”.
Althought
4. i said in my first opening story √ Æ There was tense shifting in her sentence. At that i feel relly complicated, it ’s means first she used simple past tense but later she about the bad and the best things that I got changed it into simple present tense. The right from the IC class. answers should be “I felt really complicated” and “it meant about the bad”.
17 is
5. IC class the first semester for me, so √ Æ There was tense shifting in her sentence. At
whetger i felt difficult or not, it ’s depends
first she used simple past tense but later she on me. changed it into simple present tense. The right answers should be “IC class was the first semester” and “it depended on me”.
6. I just can say a lot of thank to my lecturer √ Æ The student wrote the wrong term of modals. who taught us in IC class, especially IC B and Modals are always followed by present verb. because of IC, I can joining the interest The right one should be “I can join”. group like drama and singing.
7. I am really learn more from IC class. √ Æ The student wrote the wrong form of present continuous tense. She should write “I am really learning” instead of “I am really learn”.
1. I writing about my experience when I was √ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences. 18 in IC classes.
The correct one should be “I am writing about”
Types of Errors Students Sentences Causes of the Errors Errors of Errors of Errors of Errors of Addition Omission Substitution Ordering
2. They are a kind and good teacher. √ Æ The student wrote the form of plural wrongly. The right one should be “good teachers”.
3. When they get angry, everybody in the √ Æ The student ignored to-be in his sentences.
18 class will be scared of them and the lessons The correct one should be “the class will be will be boring. But they’re a good teachers, scared” it’s no doubt about it. √ Æ The student should not add the article “a” in his sentences. The correct one should be “they are good”
1. I will tell you about my experienced to be √ Æ The student made errors in using the words IC students.
“experience”. She should use experience in the form of noun because many is always followed by noun.
2. I am really comfortable join this subject √ Æ The student also wrote the form of present and I will joined this subject with my good continuous tense wrongly. She should add the – behaviour. ing to the verb. The right one should be “I am
19 really comfortable joining this subject”.
√ Æ The student also wrote the form of present future tense wrongly. She should use the present verb not the past verb. The right one should be “I will join this subject”.
3. Then if I enjoyed with something I will √ Æ The student used the conditional sentence understand more easily than I dislike with wrongly. The right one should be “if I enjoy with something. something, I will understand more easily”.