The Construction Of Tris as a Female Hero in The Film Divergent BAB 0
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THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRIS AS A FEMALE HERO
IN THE FILM DIVERGENT
An Undergraduate Thesis
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for
Sarjana Sastra Degree of the English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
By:
Ekarista Rahmawati P.
C0309027
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2016
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PRONOUNCEMENT
Name
: Ekarista Rahmawati Putri
Number
: C0309027
I sincerely certify that this thesis entitled The Construction of Tris as a Female
Hero in Divergent is my original work. It is not a plagiarism nor written by others.
Any materials and previous studies used as reference are written in direct quotation or
in paraphrase and cited properly. I am fully responsible for the pronouncement. If it is
proven to be wrong, I am willing to take any responsible actions given by Faculty of
Social Sciences, Sebelas Maret University.
Surakarta, 25 July 2016
Ekarista Rahmawati P.
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MOTTOS
The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.
- Eleanor Roosevelt
"Imagination is more important than knowledge. "
~ Albert Einstein
"Hope sees the invisible, feels the intangible and achieves the impossible."
~ Unknown
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DEDICATION
I sincerely dedicate this thesis to inspiring and selfempoweredfemale heroes in my life;
My beloved mother
My dearest sister
My dearest grandmothers
The very thought of them is the courage to keep going and
finish this study.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praises to God for the life, the love, the chance and the guidance which
always been accompanying my way of accomplishing this thesis. I could never have
the strength to go on and finish this thesis without keeping my faith in His help and
blessing.
I would like to thank Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D, the Dean of Faculty
of Cultural Sciences, and Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D., the Head of English
Department, for giving me permission in conducting this research. I would also like
to express my gratitude for all of my lecturers in English Department, especially all of
American Studies lecturers for giving me all of the knowledge, assistance, and
experience during all the years of study.
I also want to express my greatest gratitude to my thesis advisor, Dra. Sri
Kusumo Habsari, M.Hum., Ph.D, for her endless patience in assisting and supervising
me during the process of finishing this thesis. She has supported my efforts in writing
this, giving her expertise generously and kindly. Without her guidance, this thesis would not
finish correctly. I thank you for all of the best judgments, understanding
encouragement, enlightenment, trust, and support, so I could always have courage,
confidence and power to write and finish this thesis as soon as possible. I am also
very thankful for all the interesting discussion to improve my critical thinking. I
sincerely apologize for all of my faults that might ever burden and make you upset.
commit to user
vi
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My deepest gratitude I dedicate to my family, especially my mother for her
unconditional love, her support and her prayer. In this chance I would like to give
special gratitude to my mother, for all her support, encouragement, patience and trust.
I have received an endless love that never paid off. With the entire burden that you
had been through, you are the most magnificent and strongest female hero I have ever
known in my life. I am sincerely sorry if I ever let you down. I also dedicate my
special gratitude to my grandmothers who always cheer and encourage me to finish
this thesis no matter what. I would like to send my gratitude for my father and my
annoying sister, also for all support and patience.
I would like to say thank you to my best friends: Ayu and Devina for all the
love, and support. You guys are the sweet distraction of my strenuous life. Our sweet
times and memories is surely lifted me up through days and nights of my writing
process. Though we have different activities, you always make time to cheer and
support me. Thank you for being there when I need you, girls.
I would like to express my special thanks to the one and only man I love and
trust, for his endlessly supporting and patience, for the food you share to cheer me up,
for the laptop I borrow, and for your time accompanying me through it all. The time
we spent together is such wonderful time. Thank you for your kindness and loyalty.
And I thank you for loving me sincerely.
My appreciation goes to all of my friends in English Department 2009 that I
could not mention one by one. Thank you for the good time we had in class. Special
commit to user
vii
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thanks to American Studies 2009 fellows; Desi, Tya, Lita and Debora thank you for
the discussions and helpful insights throughout the study.
Surakarta, July 24, 2016
Ekarista Rahmawati P.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ............................................................................................................. i
THE APPROVAL OF THESIS CONSULTANT ....................................... ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ........................... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT .................................................................................... iv
MOTTOS ........................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... ix
ABSTRACTS .................................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.Research Background ...................................................................... 1
B. Scope of the study ........................................................................... 7
C. Research Question ........................................................................... 8
D. Objective of the Study ..................................................................... 8
E. Benefit of the Study ......................................................................... 8
F. Research Methodology .................................................................... 9
G. Theoretical Approach ...................................................................... 12
H. Thesis Organization......................................................................... 18
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CHAPTER II
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LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Gender Concept ............................................................................... 19
B. The Idea of Masculinities and Femininities .................................... 24
C. Semiotic Film Theory ...................................................................... 27
D. Female Heroes as the Role Model of American Women in the 21st
Century ................................................................................................. 32
CHAPTER III ANALYSIS
A. Tris’ Former Identity ....................................................................... 40
B. Tris’ Transformation ....................................................................... 43
a. Costume ......................................................................................... 45
b. Tattoo ............................................................................................ 51
c. Behaviour/ Attitude ....................................................................... 52
C. Not “Hard” enough: Constructing Tris’ fighting body.................... 55
D. Vulnerable Female Hero ................................................................. 64
E. New Image of Action Chick in Divergent ....................................... 66
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
A. Conclusion....................................................................................... 74
C. Recommendation ............................................................................. 76
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Abstract
Ekarista Rahmawati P. C0309027. 2016. The Construction of Tris as a Female
Hero
in
the
Film
Divergent.
Undergraduate
Thesis,
Surakarta.
English
Department.Faculty of Cultural Sciences.SebelasMaret University.
This research is conducted to describe the construction of female hero in the
film Divergent in the context of 21st century America. This thesis explores the hidden
ideologies of Western gender norms in popular film text.
This research is a descriptive qualitative research under the framework of
American Studies. Since American Studies is interdisciplinary, this research uses
various theories and disciplines. The source data of this research is a 2014’s film
entitled Divergent. Thus, semiotics film theory is used to analyze the movie’s
elements. As the topic is related to gender issues, feminist theories are applied in this
research. And I also use feminist scholarly writing on the textual and filmic
representations of women hero, such as Sherrie A. Inness’ Tough Girls and Action
Chicks and Dawn Heinecken’s The Warrior Women of Television. Socio-cultural
approach is applied to support the contextual findings in the relation of the
construction of female hero in the movie with the reality of American women.
By examining the construction of female action hero in film Divergent, this
thesis investigates how the construction challenges the gender norms of American
society. I argue that the female action hero in this movie is able to perform
masculinity and femininity. I also examine several recent films texts to understand the
construction of the female hero. Finally I find that the construction of female hero in
Divergent both challenge and persist traditional gender norms and expectations of
Western society.
Keyword: female as hero, tough girl, popular culture, science fiction.
commit to user
xi
digilib.uns.ac.id
THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRIS AS A FEMALE HERO
IN THE FILM DIVERGENT
An Undergraduate Thesis
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for
Sarjana Sastra Degree of the English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
By:
Ekarista Rahmawati P.
C0309027
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2016
commit to user
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digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
iii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
ii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
PRONOUNCEMENT
Name
: Ekarista Rahmawati Putri
Number
: C0309027
I sincerely certify that this thesis entitled The Construction of Tris as a Female
Hero in Divergent is my original work. It is not a plagiarism nor written by others.
Any materials and previous studies used as reference are written in direct quotation or
in paraphrase and cited properly. I am fully responsible for the pronouncement. If it is
proven to be wrong, I am willing to take any responsible actions given by Faculty of
Social Sciences, Sebelas Maret University.
Surakarta, 25 July 2016
Ekarista Rahmawati P.
commit to user
iii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
MOTTOS
The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.
- Eleanor Roosevelt
"Imagination is more important than knowledge. "
~ Albert Einstein
"Hope sees the invisible, feels the intangible and achieves the impossible."
~ Unknown
commit to user
iv
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
DEDICATION
I sincerely dedicate this thesis to inspiring and selfempoweredfemale heroes in my life;
My beloved mother
My dearest sister
My dearest grandmothers
The very thought of them is the courage to keep going and
finish this study.
commit to user
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praises to God for the life, the love, the chance and the guidance which
always been accompanying my way of accomplishing this thesis. I could never have
the strength to go on and finish this thesis without keeping my faith in His help and
blessing.
I would like to thank Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D, the Dean of Faculty
of Cultural Sciences, and Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D., the Head of English
Department, for giving me permission in conducting this research. I would also like
to express my gratitude for all of my lecturers in English Department, especially all of
American Studies lecturers for giving me all of the knowledge, assistance, and
experience during all the years of study.
I also want to express my greatest gratitude to my thesis advisor, Dra. Sri
Kusumo Habsari, M.Hum., Ph.D, for her endless patience in assisting and supervising
me during the process of finishing this thesis. She has supported my efforts in writing
this, giving her expertise generously and kindly. Without her guidance, this thesis would not
finish correctly. I thank you for all of the best judgments, understanding
encouragement, enlightenment, trust, and support, so I could always have courage,
confidence and power to write and finish this thesis as soon as possible. I am also
very thankful for all the interesting discussion to improve my critical thinking. I
sincerely apologize for all of my faults that might ever burden and make you upset.
commit to user
vi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
My deepest gratitude I dedicate to my family, especially my mother for her
unconditional love, her support and her prayer. In this chance I would like to give
special gratitude to my mother, for all her support, encouragement, patience and trust.
I have received an endless love that never paid off. With the entire burden that you
had been through, you are the most magnificent and strongest female hero I have ever
known in my life. I am sincerely sorry if I ever let you down. I also dedicate my
special gratitude to my grandmothers who always cheer and encourage me to finish
this thesis no matter what. I would like to send my gratitude for my father and my
annoying sister, also for all support and patience.
I would like to say thank you to my best friends: Ayu and Devina for all the
love, and support. You guys are the sweet distraction of my strenuous life. Our sweet
times and memories is surely lifted me up through days and nights of my writing
process. Though we have different activities, you always make time to cheer and
support me. Thank you for being there when I need you, girls.
I would like to express my special thanks to the one and only man I love and
trust, for his endlessly supporting and patience, for the food you share to cheer me up,
for the laptop I borrow, and for your time accompanying me through it all. The time
we spent together is such wonderful time. Thank you for your kindness and loyalty.
And I thank you for loving me sincerely.
My appreciation goes to all of my friends in English Department 2009 that I
could not mention one by one. Thank you for the good time we had in class. Special
commit to user
vii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
thanks to American Studies 2009 fellows; Desi, Tya, Lita and Debora thank you for
the discussions and helpful insights throughout the study.
Surakarta, July 24, 2016
Ekarista Rahmawati P.
commit to user
viii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ............................................................................................................. i
THE APPROVAL OF THESIS CONSULTANT ....................................... ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ........................... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT .................................................................................... iv
MOTTOS ........................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... ix
ABSTRACTS .................................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.Research Background ...................................................................... 1
B. Scope of the study ........................................................................... 7
C. Research Question ........................................................................... 8
D. Objective of the Study ..................................................................... 8
E. Benefit of the Study ......................................................................... 8
F. Research Methodology .................................................................... 9
G. Theoretical Approach ...................................................................... 12
H. Thesis Organization......................................................................... 18
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CHAPTER II
digilib.uns.ac.id
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Gender Concept ............................................................................... 19
B. The Idea of Masculinities and Femininities .................................... 24
C. Semiotic Film Theory ...................................................................... 27
D. Female Heroes as the Role Model of American Women in the 21st
Century ................................................................................................. 32
CHAPTER III ANALYSIS
A. Tris’ Former Identity ....................................................................... 40
B. Tris’ Transformation ....................................................................... 43
a. Costume ......................................................................................... 45
b. Tattoo ............................................................................................ 51
c. Behaviour/ Attitude ....................................................................... 52
C. Not “Hard” enough: Constructing Tris’ fighting body.................... 55
D. Vulnerable Female Hero ................................................................. 64
E. New Image of Action Chick in Divergent ....................................... 66
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
A. Conclusion....................................................................................... 74
C. Recommendation ............................................................................. 76
BIBLIOGRAPHY
commit to user
x
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
Abstract
Ekarista Rahmawati P. C0309027. 2016. The Construction of Tris as a Female
Hero
in
the
Film
Divergent.
Undergraduate
Thesis,
Surakarta.
English
Department.Faculty of Cultural Sciences.SebelasMaret University.
This research is conducted to describe the construction of female hero in the
film Divergent in the context of 21st century America. This thesis explores the hidden
ideologies of Western gender norms in popular film text.
This research is a descriptive qualitative research under the framework of
American Studies. Since American Studies is interdisciplinary, this research uses
various theories and disciplines. The source data of this research is a 2014’s film
entitled Divergent. Thus, semiotics film theory is used to analyze the movie’s
elements. As the topic is related to gender issues, feminist theories are applied in this
research. And I also use feminist scholarly writing on the textual and filmic
representations of women hero, such as Sherrie A. Inness’ Tough Girls and Action
Chicks and Dawn Heinecken’s The Warrior Women of Television. Socio-cultural
approach is applied to support the contextual findings in the relation of the
construction of female hero in the movie with the reality of American women.
By examining the construction of female action hero in film Divergent, this
thesis investigates how the construction challenges the gender norms of American
society. I argue that the female action hero in this movie is able to perform
masculinity and femininity. I also examine several recent films texts to understand the
construction of the female hero. Finally I find that the construction of female hero in
Divergent both challenge and persist traditional gender norms and expectations of
Western society.
Keyword: female as hero, tough girl, popular culture, science fiction.
commit to user
xi