DESRIYAN PURNAMA PUTRA G2A009076 BAB VIII KTI
33
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Dan L Longo, Dennis L Kasper, J Larry Jameson, Anthony S Fauci, Stephen L
Hauser, Joseph Loscalzo. Harrison’s Principles of internal medicine. USA:
The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2012.
2. Undurti N Das. Insulin in Sepsis and Septic Shock. JAPI. 2003; 51:695-700.
3. Van Den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Bruyninckx F,
Schietz M, Vlasselaers D, Ferdinande P, Lauwers P, Bouikkon R. Intensive
Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 1359-67.
4. Jonathan Cohen. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature [Internet]. 2002
[cited 2012 October 8]; 420:885-91. Available from: www.nature.com/nature.
5. F Wong, M Bernardi, R Balk, B Christman, R Moreau, G Garcia-Tsao, et al.
Sepsis in cirrhosis: report on the 7th meeting of the International Ascites Club.
Gut [Internet].2005 [cited 2012 December 24]; 54:718-725. Available from:
gut.bml.com.
6. Arthur C Guyton, John E Hall. Buku ajar fisiologi kedokteran. Jakarta: EGC;
2007.
7. Anselm O Agwunobi, Claire Reid, Paula Maycock, Roderick A Little, Gordon
L Carlson. Insulin Resistence and Substrate Utilization in Human
Endotoxemia. JCE & M. 2000; 85: 3770-3778.
8. Armella Mathonet, Alain Cariou. Glycemic Control in Sepsis. Adv Sepsis.
2007; 6(1):16-18.
34
9. Paul E Marik, Murugen Raghavan. Stress-hyperglycemia, insulin and
immunomodulation in sepsis. Intensive Care Med. 2004; 30: 748-56.
10. Alain Cariou, Christophe Vinsonneau, Jean-Francois Dhainaut. Adjunctive
therapies
in
sepsis:
An
evidence-based
review.
Crit
Care
Med.
2004;32(11):S562-S570.
11. Eric A J Hoste, Norbert H Lameire, Raymond C Vanholder, Dominique D
Benoit, Johan M A Decruyenaere, Francis A Colardyn. Acete Renal Failure in
Patients with Sepsis in a Surgical ICU: Predictive Factor, Incidence,
Comorbidity, and Outcome. J Am Soc Nephrol.2003; 14:1022-30.
12. Greg S Martin, Stephanie Eaton, Meredith Mealer, Marc Moss. Extravascular
lung water in patients with severe sepsis: a prospective cohort study. Critical
Care [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2012 December 24]; 9(2): R74-R82. Available
from: http://ccforum.com/content/9/2/R74
13. Andreas Hillenbrand, Manfred Weiss, Uwe Knippschild, Anna Maria Wolf,
Markus Huber-Lang. Sepsis-induced adipokine change with regard to insulin
resistance. International Journal of Inflamation. 2012:1-7.
14. Can Ince. The microcirculation is the motor of sepsis. Critical Care [Internet].
2005 [cited 2012 December 24]; 9(suppl 4): S13-S19. Available from:
http://ccforum.com/supplements/9/S4/S13.
15. Soren Kaeseler Andersen, Jakob Gjedsted, Christian Christiansen, Else
Tonnesen. The roles of insulin and hyperglycemia in sepsis pathogenesis.
Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2004; 75: 413-21.
16. Abdulaziz S Aldawood, Hani M Tamim, Mohammed A Alsultan, Asgar H
Rishu, Yaseen M Arabi. Intensive insulin therapy versus conventional insulin
35
therapy for critically ill trauma patients admitted to ICU. M E J Anesth
[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2013 January 24]; 20(5): 659-66. Available from:
http://www.meja.aub.edu.lb/20_5.html
17. Abbas E Kitabchi, Guillermo E Umpierrez, Mary Beth Murphy, Eugene J
Barrett, Robert A Kreisberg, Johan I Malone, et al. Management of
hyperglycaemic crises in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001; 24: 13153.
18. John Koskinas, Ilias P Gomatos, Dina G Tiniakos, Nikolas Memos, Maria
Boutsikou, Aspasia Garatzioti, Athanasios Archimandritis, et al. Liver
histology in ICU patients dying from sepsis: A clinic-pathological study.
World J Gastroenterol. 2008 [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2013 January 22];
14(9):1389-93. Available from: www.wjgnwt.com
19. Herbert Spapen. Liver perfusion in sepsis, septic shock, and multiorgan
failure. The Anatomical Record [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2013 January 22];
291:714-20. Available from: Wiley Interscience.
20. Robert KM, Daryl KG, Victor WR. Biokimia harper. Jakarta: EGC; 2009.
21. Sacha Zeerleder, Erik Hack, Walter A Wuillemin. Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation in Sepsis. CHEST [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2013 January 3];
128:2864-75. Available from: http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/
22. Frank M Brunkhorst, Christoph Engel, Frank Bloos, et al. Intensive Insulin
Therapy and Pentastarch Resuscitation in Severe Sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2008;
358: 125-39.
23. Sidharta Das, Bijay Misra. Insulin Resistance as Prognostic Indicator in Multi
Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. Medicine Update. 2011: 420-426.
36
24. Ricardo Gracia Branco, Robert Charles Tasker, Pedro Celiny Ramos Gracia,
et al. Glycemic control and insulin therapy in sepsis and critical illness. Jurnal
de Pediatria. 2007; 83(Suppl 5): S128-S136.
25. Zdenek Rusavy, Vladimir Sramek, Silvie Lacigova, et al. Influence of insulin
on glucose metabolisme and energy expenditure in septic patients. Critical
Care. 2004; 8: R213-R220.
26. Tri Murti Andayani, Mohamed Izham Mihemed Ibrahim, Ahmad H Asdie.
Comparison of the glycemyc control of insulin and triple oral therapy in type 2
diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology. 2010: 1 (2): 13-18.
37
Lampiran
Descriptive Statistics
N
Minimum
Maximum
Mean
Std. Deviation
Jenis Kelamin Pasien
22
1
2
1.41
.503
Usia Pasien
22
34
79
55.64
12.894
GDS Sebelum Pemberian
22
100
585
279.41
130.912
22
62
401
205.91
85.383
Insulin
GDS Sesudah Pemberian
Insulin
Valid N (listwise)
22
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
GDS Sebelum Pemberian
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
22
100.0%
0
.0%
22
100.0%
22
100.0%
0
.0%
22
100.0%
Insulin
GDS Sesudah Pemberian
Insulin
38
Jenis Kelamin Pasien
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Laki-laki
Perempuan
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
13
59.1
59.1
59.1
9
40.9
40.9
100.0
22
100.0
100.0
Descriptives
Statistic
GDS Sebelum Pemberian
Insulin
Mean
95% Confidence Interval for
279.41
Lower Bound
221.37
Upper Bound
337.45
Std. Error
27.910
Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
272.76
Median
280.00
Variance
Std. Deviation
17137.872
130.912
Minimum
100
Maximum
585
Range
485
Interquartile Range
215
Skewness
.671
.491
-.184
.953
Kurtosis
39
GDS Sesudah Pemberian
Mean
205.91
Insulin
95% Confidence Interval for
Lower Bound
168.05
Upper Bound
243.77
18.204
Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
203.00
Median
199.00
Variance
7290.277
Std. Deviation
85.383
Minimum
62
Maximum
401
Range
339
Interquartile Range
107
Skewness
.638
.491
Kurtosis
.221
.953
Tests of Normality
a
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Statistic
GDS Sebelum Pemberian
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
.144
22
.200
*
.945
22
.248
.096
22
.200
*
.959
22
.476
Insulin
GDS Sesudah Pemberian
Insulin
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
40
41
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean
Pair 1
GDS Sebelum Pemberian
N
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
279.41
22
130.912
27.910
205.91
22
85.383
18.204
Insulin
GDS Sesudah Pemberian
Insulin
42
Paired Samples Correlations
N
Pair 1
GDS Sebelum Pemberian
Correlation
22
Sig.
.839
.000
Insulin & GDS Sesudah
Pemberian Insulin
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
95% Confidence Interval
of the Difference
Mean
Pair 1
GDS Sebelum
Pemberian Insulin GDS Sesudah
Pemberian Insulin
73.500
Std.
Std. Error
Deviation
Mean
75.299
16.054
Sig. (2Lower
40.114
Upper
t
106.886 4.578
df
21
tailed)
.000
43
IDENTITAS
Nama
: Desriyan Purnama Putra
NIM
: G2A009076
Tempat/Tanggal Lahir
: Rimbo Bujang/ 23 Desember 1991
Jenis Kelamin
: Laki-laki
Alamat
: Jalan Bukit Kelapa Sawit VII AD 27 Tembalang
No Telepon
:-
No HP
: 085266923213
Email
: desriyan@gmail.com
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
1. SD
: SD 81/VIII Lulus Tahun: 2003
2. SMP
: SMP N 3 Tebo Lulus Tahun: 2006
3. SMA
: SMA N 2 Tebo Lulus Tahun: 2009
4. FK Undip
: Masuk Tahun: 2009
Keanggotaan Organisasi
Anggota Maladica ( Mahasiswa Pecianta Alam Medica) FK Undip sejak 2010
Pengalaman Penelitian
Pengalaman Publikasi Tulisan Ilmiah
Pengalaman Presentasi Karya Tulis Ilmiah
Pengalaman Mengikutai Lomba Karya Ilmiah
44
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Dan L Longo, Dennis L Kasper, J Larry Jameson, Anthony S Fauci, Stephen L
Hauser, Joseph Loscalzo. Harrison’s Principles of internal medicine. USA:
The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2012.
2. Undurti N Das. Insulin in Sepsis and Septic Shock. JAPI. 2003; 51:695-700.
3. Van Den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Bruyninckx F,
Schietz M, Vlasselaers D, Ferdinande P, Lauwers P, Bouikkon R. Intensive
Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 1359-67.
4. Jonathan Cohen. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature [Internet]. 2002
[cited 2012 October 8]; 420:885-91. Available from: www.nature.com/nature.
5. F Wong, M Bernardi, R Balk, B Christman, R Moreau, G Garcia-Tsao, et al.
Sepsis in cirrhosis: report on the 7th meeting of the International Ascites Club.
Gut [Internet].2005 [cited 2012 December 24]; 54:718-725. Available from:
gut.bml.com.
6. Arthur C Guyton, John E Hall. Buku ajar fisiologi kedokteran. Jakarta: EGC;
2007.
7. Anselm O Agwunobi, Claire Reid, Paula Maycock, Roderick A Little, Gordon
L Carlson. Insulin Resistence and Substrate Utilization in Human
Endotoxemia. JCE & M. 2000; 85: 3770-3778.
8. Armella Mathonet, Alain Cariou. Glycemic Control in Sepsis. Adv Sepsis.
2007; 6(1):16-18.
34
9. Paul E Marik, Murugen Raghavan. Stress-hyperglycemia, insulin and
immunomodulation in sepsis. Intensive Care Med. 2004; 30: 748-56.
10. Alain Cariou, Christophe Vinsonneau, Jean-Francois Dhainaut. Adjunctive
therapies
in
sepsis:
An
evidence-based
review.
Crit
Care
Med.
2004;32(11):S562-S570.
11. Eric A J Hoste, Norbert H Lameire, Raymond C Vanholder, Dominique D
Benoit, Johan M A Decruyenaere, Francis A Colardyn. Acete Renal Failure in
Patients with Sepsis in a Surgical ICU: Predictive Factor, Incidence,
Comorbidity, and Outcome. J Am Soc Nephrol.2003; 14:1022-30.
12. Greg S Martin, Stephanie Eaton, Meredith Mealer, Marc Moss. Extravascular
lung water in patients with severe sepsis: a prospective cohort study. Critical
Care [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2012 December 24]; 9(2): R74-R82. Available
from: http://ccforum.com/content/9/2/R74
13. Andreas Hillenbrand, Manfred Weiss, Uwe Knippschild, Anna Maria Wolf,
Markus Huber-Lang. Sepsis-induced adipokine change with regard to insulin
resistance. International Journal of Inflamation. 2012:1-7.
14. Can Ince. The microcirculation is the motor of sepsis. Critical Care [Internet].
2005 [cited 2012 December 24]; 9(suppl 4): S13-S19. Available from:
http://ccforum.com/supplements/9/S4/S13.
15. Soren Kaeseler Andersen, Jakob Gjedsted, Christian Christiansen, Else
Tonnesen. The roles of insulin and hyperglycemia in sepsis pathogenesis.
Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2004; 75: 413-21.
16. Abdulaziz S Aldawood, Hani M Tamim, Mohammed A Alsultan, Asgar H
Rishu, Yaseen M Arabi. Intensive insulin therapy versus conventional insulin
35
therapy for critically ill trauma patients admitted to ICU. M E J Anesth
[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2013 January 24]; 20(5): 659-66. Available from:
http://www.meja.aub.edu.lb/20_5.html
17. Abbas E Kitabchi, Guillermo E Umpierrez, Mary Beth Murphy, Eugene J
Barrett, Robert A Kreisberg, Johan I Malone, et al. Management of
hyperglycaemic crises in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001; 24: 13153.
18. John Koskinas, Ilias P Gomatos, Dina G Tiniakos, Nikolas Memos, Maria
Boutsikou, Aspasia Garatzioti, Athanasios Archimandritis, et al. Liver
histology in ICU patients dying from sepsis: A clinic-pathological study.
World J Gastroenterol. 2008 [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2013 January 22];
14(9):1389-93. Available from: www.wjgnwt.com
19. Herbert Spapen. Liver perfusion in sepsis, septic shock, and multiorgan
failure. The Anatomical Record [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2013 January 22];
291:714-20. Available from: Wiley Interscience.
20. Robert KM, Daryl KG, Victor WR. Biokimia harper. Jakarta: EGC; 2009.
21. Sacha Zeerleder, Erik Hack, Walter A Wuillemin. Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation in Sepsis. CHEST [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2013 January 3];
128:2864-75. Available from: http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/
22. Frank M Brunkhorst, Christoph Engel, Frank Bloos, et al. Intensive Insulin
Therapy and Pentastarch Resuscitation in Severe Sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2008;
358: 125-39.
23. Sidharta Das, Bijay Misra. Insulin Resistance as Prognostic Indicator in Multi
Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. Medicine Update. 2011: 420-426.
36
24. Ricardo Gracia Branco, Robert Charles Tasker, Pedro Celiny Ramos Gracia,
et al. Glycemic control and insulin therapy in sepsis and critical illness. Jurnal
de Pediatria. 2007; 83(Suppl 5): S128-S136.
25. Zdenek Rusavy, Vladimir Sramek, Silvie Lacigova, et al. Influence of insulin
on glucose metabolisme and energy expenditure in septic patients. Critical
Care. 2004; 8: R213-R220.
26. Tri Murti Andayani, Mohamed Izham Mihemed Ibrahim, Ahmad H Asdie.
Comparison of the glycemyc control of insulin and triple oral therapy in type 2
diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology. 2010: 1 (2): 13-18.
37
Lampiran
Descriptive Statistics
N
Minimum
Maximum
Mean
Std. Deviation
Jenis Kelamin Pasien
22
1
2
1.41
.503
Usia Pasien
22
34
79
55.64
12.894
GDS Sebelum Pemberian
22
100
585
279.41
130.912
22
62
401
205.91
85.383
Insulin
GDS Sesudah Pemberian
Insulin
Valid N (listwise)
22
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
GDS Sebelum Pemberian
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
22
100.0%
0
.0%
22
100.0%
22
100.0%
0
.0%
22
100.0%
Insulin
GDS Sesudah Pemberian
Insulin
38
Jenis Kelamin Pasien
Cumulative
Frequency
Valid
Laki-laki
Perempuan
Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
13
59.1
59.1
59.1
9
40.9
40.9
100.0
22
100.0
100.0
Descriptives
Statistic
GDS Sebelum Pemberian
Insulin
Mean
95% Confidence Interval for
279.41
Lower Bound
221.37
Upper Bound
337.45
Std. Error
27.910
Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
272.76
Median
280.00
Variance
Std. Deviation
17137.872
130.912
Minimum
100
Maximum
585
Range
485
Interquartile Range
215
Skewness
.671
.491
-.184
.953
Kurtosis
39
GDS Sesudah Pemberian
Mean
205.91
Insulin
95% Confidence Interval for
Lower Bound
168.05
Upper Bound
243.77
18.204
Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
203.00
Median
199.00
Variance
7290.277
Std. Deviation
85.383
Minimum
62
Maximum
401
Range
339
Interquartile Range
107
Skewness
.638
.491
Kurtosis
.221
.953
Tests of Normality
a
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Statistic
GDS Sebelum Pemberian
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
.144
22
.200
*
.945
22
.248
.096
22
.200
*
.959
22
.476
Insulin
GDS Sesudah Pemberian
Insulin
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
40
41
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean
Pair 1
GDS Sebelum Pemberian
N
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
279.41
22
130.912
27.910
205.91
22
85.383
18.204
Insulin
GDS Sesudah Pemberian
Insulin
42
Paired Samples Correlations
N
Pair 1
GDS Sebelum Pemberian
Correlation
22
Sig.
.839
.000
Insulin & GDS Sesudah
Pemberian Insulin
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
95% Confidence Interval
of the Difference
Mean
Pair 1
GDS Sebelum
Pemberian Insulin GDS Sesudah
Pemberian Insulin
73.500
Std.
Std. Error
Deviation
Mean
75.299
16.054
Sig. (2Lower
40.114
Upper
t
106.886 4.578
df
21
tailed)
.000
43
IDENTITAS
Nama
: Desriyan Purnama Putra
NIM
: G2A009076
Tempat/Tanggal Lahir
: Rimbo Bujang/ 23 Desember 1991
Jenis Kelamin
: Laki-laki
Alamat
: Jalan Bukit Kelapa Sawit VII AD 27 Tembalang
No Telepon
:-
No HP
: 085266923213
: desriyan@gmail.com
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
1. SD
: SD 81/VIII Lulus Tahun: 2003
2. SMP
: SMP N 3 Tebo Lulus Tahun: 2006
3. SMA
: SMA N 2 Tebo Lulus Tahun: 2009
4. FK Undip
: Masuk Tahun: 2009
Keanggotaan Organisasi
Anggota Maladica ( Mahasiswa Pecianta Alam Medica) FK Undip sejak 2010
Pengalaman Penelitian
Pengalaman Publikasi Tulisan Ilmiah
Pengalaman Presentasi Karya Tulis Ilmiah
Pengalaman Mengikutai Lomba Karya Ilmiah
44