rroy fa recoftc social equity dp nr2814

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Social Equity in
Community Forests
Two Case Studies from Nepal

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Discussion Paper 014.01
© 2014 ForestAction Nepal
All rights reserved.
Cover Photo: Social equity exercise in REDD+ training session, Birtamod,
Jhapa district, Nepal. (© Rabindra Roy/ForestAction Nepal)
Design and Layout: Sanjeeb Bir Bajracharya
Citation: Roy, R., Silori, C.S., Bhandari, A. and Paudel, N.S. 2014. Social
equity in community forests: two case studies from Nepal. Discussion Paper
Series 014.01. Kathmandu: ForestAction Nepal.
ForestAction Nepal
PO Box 12207, Kathmandu, Nepal

Telephone: +977-1-5550631
Fax: +977-1-5535190
Email: fa@forestaction.org
www.forestaction.org
Any views expressed in this publication are those of the authors. hey donot
necessarily represent the views of ForestAction Nepal, the authors’ institution
or the supporting institutions of this publication.
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Abstract
Social equity is the fairness of treatment of all concerned stakeholders according
to an agreed set of principles, particularly in procedures used to form and
implement policies and in the distribution of resources and costs. Social equity
leaves plenty of room for individuals, households, and communities to seek
the mix of economic, social, and ecological assets that best relects their values.
In order to understand the practical implementation of various dimensions
of equity in forest management, two case studies were carried out in two
community forests (CF) of Nepal, namely Chisapani CF of Nawalparasi
district and Bandre CF in Syangja district. he methods used in these case
studies included ield observations, interaction with executive members of the

respective CFs, and key informant interviews with socially and economically
marginalized social groups i.e. women and Indigenous Peoples (IPs), Dalit and
Madheshi.
Some key questions were addressed in the analysis processes on each dimension
of social equity i.e. distributive, procedural and contextual – how the major
elements of equity-dimensions have been addressed in the forest management
by the local villagers, and evaluating the impacts of addressing them. Chisapani
and Bandre CFs are found to be good in terms of equitable distribution of
beneits of forest resources, good governance in decision making process
and inclusion of socially and economically excluded social groups. In this
context, the forest management practices that are adopted, can add value to
the implementation of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation (REDD+) projects in days to come. hey could be taken as the
guiding tools for beneits sharing, from the perspective of forest carbon trading
and non-carbon received from the CFs.

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Contents
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Chisapani community forest
2.1 Background
2.2 Distributive equity
2.2.1 Access to and distribution of fuelwood
2.2.2 Access to and distribution of timber
2.2.3 Leasing of cf land to socially and economically excluded social
groups
2.3 Procedural equity
2.3.1 Composition of executive committee
2.3.2 Decision making process
2.4 Contextual equity
2.4.1 Social inclusion
2.4.2 Transparency
2.4.3 Networking with institutions
2.4.4 Development of wetland area

2.4.5 Wildlife rehabilitation center
3. Bandre community forest
3.1 Background
3.2 Distributive equity
3.2.1 Access to and distribution of fuelwood
3.2.2 Access to and distribution of timber
3.2.3 Rotational leasing of cf land to the socially and economically
excluded groups
3.3 Procedural equity
3.3.1 Composition of executive committee
3.3.2 Inclusion of ips and dalit
3.4. Contextual equity
3.4.1 Social Inclusion
3.4.2 Transparency
3.4.3 Networking with institutions
3.4.4 Awards
4. Prospectus of REDD+ in the CFs
Bibliography

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⅝.Introduction
ЅШЮЦЂ ЪЇЊЮЏ ЮЉ ЭЪ ЫЦЮЈЄЪЉЉ ЅЫ ЈЪЦЃЪЄ ЅЫ ЦЂЂ ШЅЄШЪЈЄЪЩ ЉЦЁЪЭЅЂЩЪЈЉ
ЦШШЅЈЩЮЄЬ Ѕ ЦЄ ЦЬЈЪЪЩ ЉЪ ЅЫ ІЈЮЄШЮІЂЪЉ ІЦЈЮШЊЂЦЈЂЏ ЮЄ ІЈЅШЪЩЊЈЪЉ ЊЉЪЩ

Ѕ ЫЅЈЃ ЦЄЩ ЮЃІЂЪЃЪЄ ІЅЂЮШЮЪЉ ЦЄЩ ЮЄ ЭЪ ЩЮЉЈЮЧЊЮЅЄ ЅЫ ЈЪЉЅЊЈШЪЉ ЦЄЩ
ШЅЉЉЅШЮЦЂЪЇЊЮЏЂЪЦЋЪЉІЂЪЄЏЅЫЈЅЅЃЫЅЈЮЄЩЮЋЮЩЊЦЂЉЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЉЦЄЩ
ШЅЃЃЊЄЮЮЪЉЅЉЪЪЁЭЪЃЮЎЅЫЪШЅЄЅЃЮШЉЅШЮЦЂЦЄЩЪШЅЂЅЬЮШЦЂЦЉЉЪЉЭЦ
ЧЪЉЈЪflЪШЉЭЪЮЈЋЦЂЊЪЉЄЅЭЪЈЌЅЈЩЉЪЇЊЮЏЫЦЮЈЄЪЉЉЦЄЩЯЊЉЮШЪЦЂЂЮЃІЂЏ
ХЫЦЮЈ ЈЪЦЃЪЄ ЅЈ ЩЊЪ ЈЪЌЦЈЩ ШЭЈЅЪЩЪЈ  
 Ъ ЪЇЊЮЏ ЫЈЦЃЪЌЅЈЁ
ШЅЄЉЮЉЉЅЫЦЭЈЪЪЩЮЃЪЄЉЮЅЄЦЂШЪЄЈЦЂШЅЈЪЮЪХШЅЄЪЄЅЫЪЇЊЮЏЌЭЮШЭЮЉ
ЉЊЈЈЅЊЄЩЪЩЧЏЭЈЪЪЂЦЏЪЈЉЄЦЃЪЂЏЭЪЦЈЬЪЅЈЉШЦЂЪЅЫЪЇЊЮЏЭЪЬЅЦЂЅЫ
ЪЇЊЮЏЦЄЩЭЪІЦЈЦЃЪЪЈЉЪЮЄЬІЈЅШЪЉЉῠШЪЈЃЅЮЬЊЈЪ
ЄЅЈЩЪЈЅЊЄЩЪЈЉЦЄЩЭЪІЈЦШЮШЦЂЮЃІЂЪЃЪЄЦЮЅЄЅЫЋЦЈЮЅЊЉЩЮЃЪЄЉЮЅЄЉ
ЅЫ ЪЇЊЮЏ ЮЄЫЅЈЪЉЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄ ЌЅ ШЦЉЪЉЊЩЮЪЉ ЌЪЈЪШЦЈЈЮЪЩ ЅЊЮЄЌЅ
ШЅЃЃЊЄЮЏЫЅЈЪЉЉЅЫῡЪІЦЂЛЉЮЄЬЭЪЪЇЊЮЏЫЈЦЃЪЌЅЈЁІЈЅІЅЉЪЩЧЏ
ῠШЪЈЃЅєЭЪШЦЉЪЉЊЩЮЪЉЦЄЦЂЏЪЩЭЈЪЪЁЪЏЩЮЃЪЄЉЮЅЄЉЅЫ
ЪЇЊЮЏЩЮЉЈЮЧЊЮЋЪІЈЅШЪЩЊЈЦЂЦЄЩШЅЄЪЎЊЦЂЮЄЪЈЃЉЅЫЭЪЮЈЦІІЂЮШЦЮЅЄ
ЦЄЩЭЅЌЭЪЏЮЄflЊЪЄШЪЩЭЪЦШЭЮЪЋЪЃЪЄЅЫЅЈЂЦШЁЅЫЉЅШЮЦЂЪЇЊЮЏЮЄЭЪ
ЉЪЂЪШЪЩ
ЮЉЈЮЧЊЮЋЪ
ЪЇЊЮЏ
ЭЮЬЭЂЮЬЭЉ ЭЪ ЄЪЪЩ Ѕ
ШЅЄЉЮЩЪЈ ЭЪ ЦЂЂЅШЦЮЅЄ

ЅЫ ЧЪЄЪfiЉ ШЅЉЉ ЦЄЩ
ЈЮЉЁЉ ЦЉЉЅШЮЦЪЩ ЌЮЭ
ЭЪ ЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄ ЅЫ
Љ ЖЈЅШЪЩЊЈЦЂ ЪЇЊЮЏ
ЪЄШЅЃІЦЉЉЪЉ ЫЦЮЈЄЪЉЉ ЮЄ
ІЅЂЮЮШЦЂ ІЈЅШЪЉЉЪЉ ЦЄЩ
ІЦЈЮШЮІЦЮЅЄЮЄЩЪШЮЉЮЅЄ
ЃЦЁЮЄЬ
ІЈЅШЪЉЉЪЉ
ЌЭЪЈЪЦЉШЅЄЪЎЊЦЂЪЇЊЮЏ
ЈЪШЅЬЄЮЪЉ ЭЪ ЫЦШ ЭЦ
ЭЪЈЪЮЉЄЅЂЪЋЪЂІЂЦЏЮЄЬfiЪЂЩЭЦІЪЅІЂЪЉШЦІЦЧЮЂЮЮЪЉЦЄЩЭЪЮЈЦШШЪЉЉЅ
ЈЪЉЅЊЈШЪЉЦЄЩІЅЌЪЈЩЪЪЈЃЮЄЪЭЪЪЎЪЄЅЌЭЮШЭЭЪЏЦЈЪЦЧЂЪЅЩЪЪЈЃЮЄЪ
ЭЪЅЊШЅЃЪЉЫЅЈЭЪЃЉЪЂЋЪЉ
1 h p://www.reliableprosperity.net/social_equity.html [accessed on 2 May 2014]

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 ЪШЦЉЪЉЊЩЮЪЉЭЦЋЪЧЪЪЄШЅЄЩЊШЪЩЮЄЭЪЉЅЫЭЪМЪЉЪЈЄЪЋЪЂЅІЃЪЄ

ЪЬЮЅЄЉЅЫῡЪІЦЂЄЦЃЪЂЏЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮЅЫῡЦЌЦЂІЦЈЦЉЮЩЮЉЈЮШЦЄЩЦЄЩЈЪ
ЮЄЏЦЄЬЯЦЩЮЉЈЮШ
 ЪЃЪЭЅЩЉЊЉЪЩЮЄЭЪЉЪШЦЉЪЉЊЩЮЪЉЮЄШЂЊЩЪЩfiЪЂЩ
ЅЧЉЪЈЋЦЮЅЄЉ ЮЄЪЈЦШЮЅЄ ЌЮЭ ЪЎЪШЊЮЋЪ ЃЪЃЧЪЈЉ ЅЫ ЭЪ ЈЪЉІЪШЮЋЪ Љ
ЦЄЩЁЪЏЮЄЫЅЈЃЦЄЮЄЪЈЋЮЪЌЉЌЮЭЉЅШЮЦЂЂЏЦЄЩЪШЅЄЅЃЮШЦЂЂЏЃЦЈЬЮЄЦЂЮЪЩ
ЉЅШЮЦЂЬЈЅЊІЉЮЪЌЅЃЪЄЦЄЩЄЩЮЬЪЄЅЊЉЖЪЅІЂЪЉЖЉЌЭЅЦЈЪЦЂЉЅЁЄЅЌЄ
ЦЉЩЮЧЦЉЮЦЄЦЯЦЮЦЂЮЦЄЩῠЦЩЭЪЉЭЮШЭЪШЁЂЮЉЉЏЂЪЇЊЪЉЮЅЄЄЦЮЈЪЌЦЉ
ЩЪЋЪЂЅІЪЩЅШЦЈЈЏЅЊЭЪfiЪЂЩЉЊЩЏЪЉЪЦЈШЭЪЈЉЫЈЅЃЅЈЪЉШЮЅЄЉІЪЄ
ЭЈЪЪЩЦЏЉЮЄЪЦШЭЫЅЈЭЪfiЪЂЩЉЊЩЏЩЊЈЮЄЬЪШЪЃЧЪЈ
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 Ъ ЦЄЦЂЏЉЮЉ ІЈЪЉЪЄЪЩ ЮЄ ЭЮЉ ЈЪІЅЈ ЫЅШЊЉЪЉ ЅЄ ЪЦШЭ ЩЮЃЪЄЉЮЅЄ ЅЫ ЉЅШЮЦЂ
ЪЇЊЮЏЭЅЌЭЪЁЪЏЪЂЪЃЪЄЉЅЫЪЦШЭЩЮЃЪЄЉЮЅЄЭЦЋЪЧЪЪЄЦЩЩЈЪЉЉЪЩЮЄ
ЭЪЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄЅЫЫЅЈЪЉЉЧЏЭЪЂЅШЦЂЋЮЂЂЦЬЪЈЉЦЄЩЪЋЦЂЊЦЮЄЬЭЪЮЃІЦШЉ
ЅЫЦЩЩЈЪЉЉЮЄЬЭЪЃМЮЭЈЪЬЦЈЩЉЅЩЮЉЈЮЧЊЮЋЪЪЇЊЮЏЭЪШЦЉЪЉЊЩЮЪЉЭЦЋЪ
ЂЅЅЁЪЩ ЦЂЅШЦЂ ІЪЅІЂЪЉ ЦШШЪЉЉ Ѕ ЫЊЪЂЌЅЅЩ ЮЃЧЪЈ ЦЄЩ ЅЭЪЈ ЄЅЄЮЃЧЪЈ
ЫЅЈЪЉ ІЈЅЩЊШЉ ῡКЖЉ ЂЅШЦЂ ЃЦЈЬЮЄЦЂЮЪЩ ЬЈЅЊІЉ ЦЄЩ ШЅЃЃЊЄЮЏ
ЫЅЈЪЉЈЏ ЊЉЪЈ ЬЈЅЊІЉ Л ЦШШЪЉЉ Ѕ  ЂЦЄЩЉ ЫЅЈ ЮЄШЅЃЪ ЬЪЄЪЈЦЮЅЄ
ЦШЮЋЮЮЪЉЮЄШЂЊЩЮЄЬЩЮЉЦЄЊЉЪЈЉЅЈІЈЅШЪЩЊЈЦЂЪЇЊЮЏЭЪЫЅШЊЉЅЫЦЄЦЂЏЉЮЉ
ЭЦЉЧЪЪЄЃЦЮЄЂЏЅЄЭЪШЅЄЉЮЊЮЅЄЅЫЭЪЎЪШЊЮЋЪЅЃЃЮЪЪ
ІЦЈЮШЮІЦЮЅЄЦЄЩЈЪІЈЪЉЪЄЦЮЅЄЅЫЩЮffЪЈЪЄЉЪШЮЅЄЉЅЫЭЪЉЅШЮЪЏЮЄЭЪ

ЦЄЩЭЪЩЪШЮЉЮЅЄЃЦЁЮЄЬІЈЅШЪЉЉЅЈШЅЄЪЎЊЦЂЪЇЊЮЏЭЪШЦЉЪЉЊЩЮЪЉ
ЂЅЅЁЪЩЮЄЅЭЪШЦІЦШЮЏЧЊЮЂЩЮЄЬЮЄЮЮЦЮЋЪЉЊЄЩЪЈЦЁЪЄЧЏЭЪІЈЅШЪЉЉ
ЅЫЉЅШЮЦЂЮЄШЂЊЉЮЅЄІЈЅЃЅЮЄЬЈЦЄЉІЦЈЪЄШЏЮЄfiЄЦЄШЮЦЂЩЪЦЂЮЄЬЉЦЄЩЪffЅЈЉ
ЅЮЄШЈЪЦЉЪЂЮЋЪЂЮЭЅЅЩЉЅІІЅЈЊЄЮЮЪЉЅЭЪЂЅШЦЂЋЮЂЂЦЬЪЈЉ
ЪЂЅЌЮЉЭЪЩЪЉШЈЮІЮЅЄЅЫЁЪЏfiЄЩЮЄЬЅЫЮЃІЂЪЃЪЄЦЮЅЄЦЄЩЪffЪШЮЋЪЄЪЉЉ
ЅЫЁЪЏЪЂЪЃЪЄЉЅЫЪЇЊЮЏЮЄЌЅЉЮЄῡЪІЦЂ

2 Forest users, who reside 12 to 18 km away from the CF are considered as the distant users for this CF.

2

⅞.₇hisapani₇ommunityForest
⅞.⅝₆ackground

 Ъ ЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮ  ЮЉ ЉЮЊЦЪЩ ЮЄ ЭЪ ЄЅЈЭЪЈЄ ІЦЈ ЅЫ ῡЦЌЦЂІЦЈЦЉЮ ЩЮЉЈЮШ
ЮЄЌЪЉЪЈЄЩЪЋЪЂЅІЃЪЄЈЪЬЮЅЄЅЫῡЪІЦЂЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮЮЉЉІЈЪЦЩЅЋЪЈЉЪЋЪЄ
ῳЮЂЂЦЬЪ ЪЋЪЂЅІЃЪЄ ЅЃЃЮЪЪЉ ῳЉ ЄЦЃЪЂЏ ῠЦЁЦЈ ЖЦЄШЭЄЦЬЦЈ
ЦЭЦЩЦ ЦЈЦЌЦЂ ЦЩЦЭЦЈЦ ЊЧЦЊЂЮЏЦ ЦЃІЊЈ ГЭЦЩЦЊЄЦ ЦЃ ЖЊЈЦЌЦ 
ЭЦЉЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЉЦЄЩЦІЅІЊЂЦЮЅЄЅЫЅЃЪЅЫЭЪЉЪЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЉ
ЮЄШЂЊЩЪЭЅЉЪЌЭЅЃЮЬЈЦЪЩЫЈЅЃЅЭЪЈЩЮЉЈЮШЉЅЉЪЂЪЭЪЈЪЪЉІЪШЮЦЂЂЏЫЈЅЃ

ЭЮЂЂЏЈЪЬЮЅЄЉЄЅЈЩЪЈЅЧЪШЅЃЪЦЃЪЃЧЪЈЅЫЛЭЪЃЮЬЈЦЄЉЭЦЋЪЅ
ІЦЏῡЪІЦЂЮЊІЪЪЉῡЖЦЉЃЪЃЧЪЈЉЭЮІЫЪЪ

 ЪЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮЭЦЉЧЅЭЄЦЊЈЦЂЦЄЩІЂЦЄЦЮЅЄЫЅЈЪЉЉῠЦЯЅЈЈЪЪЉІЪШЮЪЉ
ЅЫЄЦЊЈЦЂЫЅЈЪЉ ЦЈЪЦЂ  ЉЄЦ   ЦЄЩ
ЦЃЊЄ   ЈЪЪ ЉЪЪЩЂЮЄЬЉ ЅЫ ЮЉЉЅЅ   ЭЦЋЪ
ЧЪЪЄІЂЦЄЪЩЮЄЭЪЅІЪЄЦЄЩЧЦЈЈЪЄЂЦЄЩЌЮЭЮЄЭЪ
 ЪШЅЋЪЈЉЦЄ
ЦЈЪЦЅЫЭЪШЦЈЪЉЦЄЩЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮЛЭЦЉІЂЦЄЉЅЪЎЪЄЩЮЊІЅ
ЭЪШЦЈЪЉЮЄЭЪЫЊЊЈЪ
ШШЅЈЩЮЄЬ Ѕ ЭЪЉЉЮЉЦЄ ЅЈЪЉ Еffi
ШЪЈЕ ЅЫ ЂЦЁЦ ЅЈЪЉ Еffi
ШЪ ЮЄ
ЦЈЩЦЬЭЦЭЪЂЅШЦЂІЪЅІЂЪЭЦЩЧЪЬЊЄЭЪІЈЅШЪЉЉЅЫЪЉЦЧЂЮЉЭЮЄЬЧЦШЁЮЄ
ЧЊЮЌЦЉЫЅЈЃЦЂЂЏЭЦЄЩЪЩЅЋЪЈЅЭЪЂЅШЦЂШЅЃЃЊЄЮЮЪЉ
ЅЄЂЏЮЄЧЏЭЪЮЉЈЮШЅЈЪЉЕffi
ШЪЕῡЦЌЦЂІЦЈЦЉЮ
 Ъ
ЃЦЮЄЈЪЦЉЅЄЧЪЭЮЄЩЉЊШЭЦЩЪЂЦЏЮЄЭЦЄЩЮЄЬЅЋЪЈЭЪЌЦЉЭЪЩЪШЦЩЪЂЅЄЬ
ῠЦЅЮЉШЅЄflЮШЮЄῡЪІЦЂ ЌЭЮШЭЂЦЉЪЩЫЈЅЃЅЦЉЄЪ
ЊЈЮЄЬЭЮЉІЪЈЮЅЩЭЪЬЅЋЪЈЄЃЪЄЃЦЄЦЬЪЩЫЅЈЪЉЉЌЪЈЪЭЪЃЦЮЄЉЅЊЈШЪЅЫ
ЧЦЉЮШЂЮЋЪЂЮЭЅЅЩЄЪЪЩЉЅЫЭЪЂЅШЦЂШЅЃЃЊЄЮЮЪЉ
ЮЉШЊЉЉЮЅЄ ЌЮЭ ЭЪ ЃЪЃЧЪЈЉ ЅЫ Л ЦЄЩ ЅЭЪЈ ЋЮЂЂЦЬЪЈЉ ЈЪЋЪЦЂЪЩ ЭЦ
ЩЊЈЮЄЬЭЪЭЦЄЩЅЋЪЈЅЫЭЪЅЭЪЛЉЅЃЪЦЉІЪШЉЅЫЉЅШЮЦЂЪЇЊЮЏ
ЌЪЈЪ ЦЂЈЪЦЩЏ ЧЪЮЄЬ ШЅЄЉЮЩЪЈЪЩ 
 Ъ ЭЦЄЩЅЋЪЈ ІЈЅШЪЉЉ ЮЄШЂЊЩЪЩ ІЈЅЋЮЉЮЅЄЉ
ЅЪЄЉЊЈЪЭЪІЦЈЮШЮІЦЮЅЄЅЫІЪЅІЂЪЫЈЅЃЦЂЂЉЅШЮЦЂЬЈЅЊІЉЦЄЩЪЄШЅЊЈЦЬЪЩ
ЫЦЮЈЦЄЩЪЇЊЮЦЧЂЪЩЮЉЈЮЧЊЮЅЄЅЫЧЅЭШЅЉЦЄЩЧЪЄЪfiЉЮЄЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄ
ЦЄЩЩЪЋЪЂЅІЃЪЄЄЭЮЉЈЪЬЦЈЩЭЪЭЪЄЕІЂЦЏЪЩЦЁЪЏЈЅЂЪЧЏШЈЪЦЮЄЬ
ЦЉІЦШЪЅЮЄШЂЊЩЪЭЪЩЮЉЦЄЋЮЂЂЦЬЪЈЉЌЭЅЦЈЪЂЅШЦЪЩЦЂЃЅЉЅЁЃ
ЦЌЦЏЮЄЉЅЊЭЪЈЄІЦЈЅЫЦЉЭЪЃЪЃЧЪЈЉЅЫЭЪffЅЈЉЌЪЈЪЃЦЩЪ
Ѕ ЮЄШЂЊЩЪ ЌЅЃЪЄ ЮЄЩЮЬЪЄЅЊЉ ІЪЅІЂЪЉ ЦЂЮ ЦЄЩ ῠЦЩЭЪЉЭЮ ЉЅШЮЦЂ ЬЈЅЊІЉ
ЈЪЉЮЩЮЄЬЮЄШЂЅЉЪЋЮШЮЄЮЏЅЭЪ
3 Abbreviate of ‘Bikram Sambat’, an official Nepali calendar which is 56.7 years ahead of the Gregorian
Calendar.

3

Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with distance users at Ghaatgaddhi, Bardaghat, Nawalparasi district.
Photo: © rroy


 ЪЦЄЦЂЏЉЮЉІЈЪЉЪЄЪЩЧЪЂЅЌЭЦЉЂЅЅЁЪЩЮЄЅЦЂЂЭЈЪЪЁЪЏЩЮЃЪЄЉЮЅЄЉЅЫЪЇЊЮЏ
ЦЄЩЭЪЮЈЪffЪШЮЋЪЄЪЉЉЮЄЉЊЉЦЮЄЦЧЂЏЃЦЄЦЬЮЄЬЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮ

⅞.⅞₈istributiveequity
⅞.⅞.⅝₅ccesstoanddistributionoffuelwood

 ЪЂЅШЦЂЋЮЂЂЦЬЪЈЉШЦЄШЅЂЂЪШЫЊЪЂЌЅЅЩЫЈЅЃЭЪЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮЦЄЄЊЦЂЂЏЫЅЈ
ЦІЪЈЮЅЩЅЫЌЅЃЅЄЭЉЉІЪШЮfiШЦЂЂЏЪЋЪЈЏЦЊЈЩЦЏЫЈЅЃЪШЪЃЧЪЈЅ
ЪЧЈЊЦЈЏῠЦЄЬЉЮЈЅЦЂЬЊЄЫЅЈЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩШЅЄЉЊЃІЮЅЄЅЄЂЏЊЈЮЄЬЭЮЉ
ІЪЈЮЅЩῡЖЮЉШЭЦЈЬЪЩЫЈЅЃЪЦШЭЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЦЉЦЃЪЃЧЪЈЉЭЮІЪЄЈЏЫЪЪЫЅЈ
ЪЋЪЈЏЋЮЉЮЅЭЪЫЅЈШЅЂЂЪШЮЅЄЅЫЫЊЪЂЌЅЅЩ
 ЪЊЉЪЈЉЌЭЅЦЈЪЈЪЉЮЩЮЄЬ
ШЂЅЉЪЅЭЪЬЅЅЭЪЫЅЈЪЉЅШЅЂЂЪШЭЪЫЊЪЂЌЅЅЩЌЭЮЂЪЭЪЋЮЂЂЦЬЪЈЉ
ЂЮЋЮЄЬЫЊЈЭЪЈЦЌЦЏЁЃЫЈЅЃШЅЂЂЪШЭЪЫЊЪЂЌЅЅЩЫЈЅЃЭЪЄЪЦЈЧЏ
ЌЅЅЩЩЪІЅЂЅШЦЂЂЏЁЄЅЌЄЦЉ
 ЪЩЮЉЦЄЊЉЪЈЉЭЦЋЪЅІЦЏῡЖ
ЫЅЈЅЄЪЇЊЮЄЦЂЁЬЅЫЫЊЪЂЌЅЅЩЦЄЩЪЦШЭЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЈЪШЪЮЋЪЉЅЄЂЏ
ЅЄЪЇЊЮЄЦЂЅЫЫЊЪЂЌЅЅЩІЪЈЃЅЄЭЩЊЈЮЄЬЭЪЌЅЃЅЄЭШЅЂЂЪШЮЅЄІЪЈЮЅЩЉ
ЄЦЩЩЮЮЅЄЅЭЪЉЪЦЉЅЄЦЂЦШШЪЉЉЅЦЄЩЄЪЦЈЧЏЌЅЅЩЩЪІЅЫЅЈШЅЂЂЪШЮЄЬ
ЫЊЪЂЌЅЅЩЪЦШЭЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЦЂЉЅЭЦЉЈЮЬЭЉЅЫЅЊЈЇЊЮЄЦЂЅЫЫЊЪЂЌЅЅЩЅЃЪЪ
ЭЪЫЊЪЂЌЅЅЩЄЪЪЩЉЫЅЈШЊЂЊЈЦЂЦЄЩЈЪЂЮЬЮЅЊЉШЪЈЪЃЅЄЮЪЉЦЄЩЈЮЊЦЂЉЉЊШЭЦЉ
ЌЪЩЩЮЄЬЉЫЊЄЪЈЦЂІЈЅШЪЉЉЮЅЄЪШ
ЅЭЩЮЉЦЄЦЄЩЄЪЦЈЧЏЊЉЪЈЉЦЁЪІЦЈЮЄЫЅЈЪЉЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄЦЄЩЉЮЂЋЮШЊЂЊЈЦЂ
ЅІЪЈЦЮЅЄЉ ЉЊШЭ ЦЉ ЭЮЄЄЮЄЬ ЉЮЄЬЂЮЄЬ ЦЄЩ ІЈЊЄЮЄЬ 
 ЪЏ ЦЂЉЅ ЪЄЬЦЬЪ ЮЄ
4

ШЂЪЦЄЮЄЬ ЦЄЩ ШЂЪЦЈЮЄЬ fiЈЪ ЂЮЄЪЉЮЄЉЮЩЪ ЭЪ ЫЅЈЪЉ ЩЊЈЮЄЬ ЭЪ ЫЅЈЪЉ fiЈЪ ІЈЅЄЪ
ЉЪЦЉЅЄЉ Є ЉЊШЭ ЅІЪЈЦЮЅЄЉ Ц ЬЈЅЊІ ЅЫ  Ѕ  ЃЪЃЧЪЈЉ ЫЈЅЃ ЭЪ ЩЮЉЦЄ
ЋЮЂЂЦЬЪЉШЅЄЈЮЧЊЪЭЪЮЈЮЃЪЋЅЂЊЄЦЈЮЂЏЌЭЪЈЪЦЉЦЂЂЊЉЪЈЉШЂЅЉЪЅЦЁЪІЦЈ
ЮЄЭЪІЈЅШЪЉЉ
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 ЪЈЪЦЈЪІЈЅШЪЩЊЈЪЉЮЄІЂЦШЪЫЅЈЦЂЂЅЌЮЄЬЦШШЪЉЉЅЫЅЈЪЉЈЪЉЅЊЈШЪЉЫЅЈЦЂЂЭЪ
ЃЪЃЧЪЈЉЅЫЛЉЮЄШЂЊЩЮЄЬЫЅЈЭЅЉЪЂЮЋЮЄЬЫЦЈЦЌЦЏЫЈЅЃЮЦЄЩЦЂЉЅЫЅЈ
ЭЪЮЈШЅЄЈЮЧЊЮЅЄЅЃЦЮЄЦЮЄЮЄЬ
⅞.⅞.⅞₅ccesstoanddistributionoftimber
МЮЭЈЪЬЦЈЩЉЅЦШШЪЉЉЦЄЩЩЮЉЈЮЧЊЮЅЄЅЫЮЃЧЪЈЭЪЃЪЃЧЪЈЉЅЫЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮ
ЛШЅЂЂЪШЦЄЩЉЅЈЪЮЃЧЪЈЮЄЭЪЂЅШЦЂ
 ЪЩЮЉЈЮЧЊЮЅЄЅЫ
ЮЃЧЪЈЫЈЅЃЅЛЃЪЃЧЪЈЉЮЉЩЪШЮЩЪЩЧЏЭЪЪЎЪШЊЮЋЪ
ШЅЃЃЮЪЪЪІЪЄЩЮЄЬЊІЅЄЭЪЩЪЃЦЄЩЉЫЈЅЃЭЪЛЃЪЃЧЪЈЉ
ЭЪЩЪШЮЩЪЉЭЪЏІЪЦЄЩЦЃЅЊЄЅЫЮЃЧЪЈЅЧЪЩЮЉЈЮЧЊЪЩЅЭЪ
ЃЪЃЧЪЈЉЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЉ

 ЪЉЪЄЩЉЅЊЮЄЫЅЈЃЦЮЅЄЅЦЂЂЊЉЪЈЉЅЦІІЂЏЫЅЈЭЪЈЪЇЊЮЈЪЩ
ЦЃЅЊЄ ЅЫ ЮЃЧЪЈ ЫЅЈ ЭЪ ШЅЄЉЈЊШЮЅЄ ЦЄЩ ЃЦЮЄЪЄЦЄШЪ ЅЫ ЭЪЮЈ ЭЅЃЪЉ
 ЪЈЈЪШЪЮЋЮЄЬЭЪЦІІЂЮШЦЮЅЄЫЈЅЃЭЪЊЉЪЈЉЭЪЋЦЂЊЦЮЅЄЊЧШЅЃЃЮЪЪ
ЪЎЦЃЮЄЪЉЦЂЂЭЪЦІІЂЮШЦЮЅЄЉЦЄЩЃЦЁЪЉЦЩЪШЮЉЮЅЄЅЄЮЃЧЪЈЩЮЉЈЮЧЊЮЅЄЅЭЪ
ЦІІЂЮШЦЄЉ
 ЪЉЪЂЂЮЄЬІЈЮШЪЅЫЮЃЧЪЈЮЉfiЎЪЩЫЅЈЩЮffЪЈЪЄЉІЪШЮЪЉЧЏЭЪ
ЅЈЪЎЦЃІЂЪЭЪЉЪЂЂЮЄЬІЈЮШЪЫЅЈЦЂЦЭЮЬЭЬЈЦЩЪЮЃЧЪЈЮЉfiЎЪЩЦῡЖ
ІЪЈШЊЧЮШЫЪЪШ ЫЅЈЦЂЅЌЬЈЦЩЪЮЃЧЪЈЮЮЉfiЎЪЩЦῡЖІЪЈШ ЅЭ
ЭЪЉЪЈЦЪЉЦЈЪЂЅЌЪЈЭЦЄЭЪЬЅЋЪЈЄЃЪЄЈЦЪЌЭЮШЭЦЈЪfiЎЪЩЦῡЖЫЅЈ
ЬЈЦЩЪ  ЭЮЬЭЪЈ ЬЈЦЩЪ
ῡЖ  ЫЅЈ ЬЈЦЩЪ 
ЪЇЊЮЋЦЂЪЄЅЂЅЌЪЈЬЈЦЩЪ
ЅЫ   ЦЄЩ ῡЖ
 ЫЅЈ ЬЈЦЩЪ  ЂЅЌЪЉ
ЬЈЦЩЪЈЪЉІЪШЮЋЪЂЏЅῡ

ЪЫЅЈЪ ЭЪ ЫЅЈЃЦЮЅЄ ЅЫ
ЭЪ  ЭЪ ЫЅЈЪЉ ЌЦЉ
ЂЦЈЬЪЂЏЊЉЪЩЧЏЭЅЉЪЂЮЋЮЄЬ
ШЂЅЉЪ Ѕ Ю ЌЭЮЂЪ ЭЅЉЪ
ЂЮЋЮЄЬЫЦЈЦЌЦЏЫЈЅЃЮЩЮЩ

Distance users are collec ng their quotas of mber at Ghaatgaddhi,
Bardaghat, Nawalparasi district. Photo: © rroy

5

ЄЅЭЦЋЪЦШШЪЉЉЅЫЊЪЂЌЅЅЩЦЄЩЮЃЧЪЈЃЦЮЄЂЏЩЊЪЅЩЮffi
ШЊЂЏЮЄЦШШЪЉЉЮЄЬ
ЭЪЉЪЈЪЉЅЊЈШЪЉЅЌЪЋЪЈЦ ЪЈЪЉЦЧЂЮЉЭЮЄЬЭЪЦЄЩЃЦЮЄЉЈЪЦЃЮЄЬЪЇЊЮЏ
ШЅЄЉЮЩЪЈЦЮЅЄЮЄЅІЂЦЄЄЮЄЬЭЪЫЅЈЪЉЈЪЉЅЊЈШЪЉЌЪЈЪЪЇЊЦЂЂЏЦШШЪЉЉЮЧЂЪ
ЅЭЪ ЋЮЂЂЦЬЪЈЉЂЮЋЮЄЬ ЫЦЈЦЌЦЏЫЈЅЃЭЪ  ῠЅЈЪЅЋЪЈЭЪЏ ЦЂЉЅШЅЄЈЮЧЊЪ
ЮЄЃЦЮЄЦЮЄЮЄЬЧЏЦЁЮЄЬІЦЈЮЄfiЈЪЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄЦЄЩЅЭЪЈЉЮЂЋЮШЊЂЊЈЦЂ
ІЈЦШЮШЪЉ
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 ЪІЈЅШЪЩЊЈЪЉЮЄІЂЦШЪЫЅЈЦШШЪЉЉЮЄЬЦЄЩЩЮЉЈЮЧЊЮЄЬЫЊЪЂЌЅЅЩЦЄЩЮЃЧЪЈ
ЫЈЅЃ ЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮ  ЦЃЅЄЬ ЭЪ Л ЮЉ Ц ЬЅЅЩ ЪЎЦЃІЂЪ ЅЫ ЩЮЉЈЮЧЊЮЋЪ
ЪЇЊЮЏЮЄЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄ
ЪЉЮЩЪЉ ШЅЄЉЮЩЪЈЮЄЬ ЭЪ ЦШШЪЉЉ Ѕ ЫЅЈЪЉ ЈЪЉЅЊЈШЪЉ ЫЅЈЄЪЦЈ ЦЄЩ ЩЮЉЦЄ ЊЉЪЈЉ
ЅЫ ЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮ  ЭЪ   ЦЂЉЅ ІЈЅЋЮЩЪЩ ЦЩЪЇЊЦЪ ЦЪЄЮЅЄ Ѕ ЪЄЉЊЈЪ
ЮЄШЂЊЉЮЅЄЅЫЉЅШЮЦЂЂЏЦЄЩЪШЅЄЅЃЮШЦЂЂЏЃЦЈЬЮЄЦЂЬЈЅЊІЉЮЄЅЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄ
ІЈЦШЮШЪЉ 
 ЮЉ ЌЦЉ ЩЅЄЪ ЧЏ ЦЂЂЅШЦЮЄЬ  ЭЪШЦЈЪ ЅЫ ЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮ  Ѕ ЪЦШЭ
ЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЅЫЭЪІЅЅЈЦЄЩЃЦЈЬЮЄЦЂЮЪЩЬЈЅЊІЮЄШЂЊЩЮЄЬЄЩЮЬЪЄЅЊЉЖЪЅІЂЪЉ
ЦЂЮЦЄЩῠЦЩЭЪЉЭЮЌЭЅЦЈЪЪШЅЄЅЃЮШЦЂЂЏЧЦШЁЌЦЈЩЦЉЮЩЪЄЮfiЪЩЭЈЅЊЬЭЦ
ЌЪЦЂЭЈЦЄЁЮЄЬЪЎЪЈШЮЉЪШЅЄЩЊШЪЩІЈЮЅЈЅЭЪЪЉЦЧЂЮЉЭЃЪЄЅЫІЂЪЦЉЪЉЪЪ
ЉЪШЮЅЄ
 ЪЦЂЂЅШЦЪЩЂЦЄЩЮЉІЈЮЃЦЈЮЂЏЊЉЪЩЫЅЈШЊЂЮЋЦЮЄЬЪШЅЄЅЃЮШЦЂЂЏ
ЋЦЂЊЦЧЂЪ ῡЅЄКЮЃЧЪЈ ЅЈЪЉ ЖЈЅЩЊШ ῡКЖ ЦЄЩ ῠЪЩЮШЮЄЦЂ ЅЈ ЈЅЃЦЮШ
ЖЂЦЄῠЖЉЉІЪШЮЪЉ ЉЊШЭЦЉ ЦЃЈЮЉЅ ЉЦЈІЦЬЦЄЩЭЦ
fiЃЪЄЭЪЦЄЩШЮЈЅЄЪЂЂЦ
ЭЊЉІЈЅЋЮЩЮЄЬЭЪЬЈЅЊІЦЄЅІІЅЈЊЄЮЏЅЪЦЈЄЃЅЄЪЏ

Cul va on of NTFPs species at leased land of Chisapani CF. Photo: © rroy

6

⅞.⅓Proceduralequity
⅞.⅓.⅝₇ompositionof₉xecutive₇ommittee

 ЪЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮЭЦЉЃЪЃЧЪЈЉЮЄЮЉЭЪЪЂЪШЮЅЄЫЅЈЭЪЮЉЭЪЂЩ
ЪЋЪЈЏ ЭЈЪЪ ЏЪЦЈЉ ЊЈЈЪЄЂЏ ЭЪ ЪЭЄЮШ ШЅЃІЅЉЮЮЅЄ ЅЫ ЭЪ  ЮЄШЂЊЩЪЉ 
ЃЪЃЧЪЈЉЅЫЖЉЦЄЩЦЂЮЉЕЊЅЫЃЪЃЧЪЈЉЉЮЎ
ЦЈЪ ЌЅЃЪЄ 
 Ъ  ЮЉ ЫЊЈЭЪЈ ЉЊІІЅЈЪЩ ЧЏ ЫЅЊЈ ЉЊЧШЅЃЃЮЪЪЉ ЄЦЃЪЂЏ
ЩЋЮЉЅЈЏ ЋЦЂЊЦЮЅЄ ШШЅЊЄ ЦЄЩ ῡКЖ ЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄ 
 Ъ ЃЪЃЧЪЈ
ЩЋЮЉЅЈЏ ЉЊЧШЅЃЃЮЪЪ ЭЦЉ    ЖЉ ЮЄШЂЊЩЮЄЬ ЅЄЪ ЌЅЃЦЄ ЫЈЅЃ
 ШЅЃЃЊЄЮЏ ЭЪ ЋЦЂЊЦЮЅЄ ЉЊЧШЅЃЃЮЪЪ ЭЦЉ   ЦЄЩ 
ЃЪЃЧЪЈЉЅЫЖЉЦЄЩЅЄЪЅЫЭЪЃЮЉЦЌЅЃЪЄ
 ЪШШЅЊЄЉЊЧШЅЃЃЮЪЪЭЦЉ
ЅЄЪЃЪЃЧЪЈЪЦШЭЫЈЅЃЄЩЮЬЪЄЅЊЉЖЪЅІЂЪЉЦЄЩЌЅЃЦЄЫЈЅЃЦЂЮ
ЉЅШЮЦЂЬЈЅЊІ
 ЊЉЮШЦЄЧЪЉЦЮЩЭЦЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮЉЈЮЋЪЉЅЧЪЦЉЅШЮЦЂЂЏ
ЦЄЩЬЪЄЩЪЈЮЄШЂЊЉЮЋЪЧЅЩЏ
ЋЪЄЦЉЭЪЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮЦЄЩЉЊЧШЅЃЃЮЪЪЉЉЈЮЋЪЅЧЪЉЅШЮЦЂЂЏЮЄШЂЊЉЮЋЪ
ЭЪЈЪЮЉЅЄЂЏІЪЈШЪЄЌЅЃЪЄЮЄЭЪЦЉЦЬЦЮЄЉЭЪЅЃЃЊЄЮЏЅЈЪЉ
ЊЮЩЪЂЮЄЪЅЫЌЭЮШЭЈЪЇЊЮЈЪЉІЈЅЋЮЉЮЅЄЅЫЦЂЪЦЉІЪЈШЪЄ
ЌЅЃЪЄЮЄЭЪЫЈЅЃЦЂЂЉЅШЮЦЂЂЏЦЄЩЪШЅЄЅЃЮШЦЂЂЏЪЎШЂЊЩЪЩЬЈЅЊІЉЮЪЖЉ
ῠЦЩЭЪЉЭЮЦЄЩЦЂЮ

 Ъ  ЮЉ ЦЌЦЈЪ ЅЫ ЭЮЉ ЦЄЩ Ю ЮЉ ЈЏЮЄЬ Ѕ ЮЄШЈЪЦЉЪ ЌЅЃЪЄЉ ЈЪІЈЪЉЪЄЦЮЅЄ
ЮЄ ЭЪ  ЦЄЩ ЪЄЉЊЈЪ ЭЪЮЈ ЦШЮЋЪ ЦЄЩ ЃЪЦЄЮЄЬЫЊЂ ІЦЈЮШЮІЦЮЅЄ ЮЄ ЭЪ 
ЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄІЈЅШЪЉЉЄЪЄЉЪЪЄЬЦЬЪЃЪЄЅЫЌЅЃЪЄЮЄЭЪЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩШЭЅЈЪЉ
ЮЂЂЮЪЈЦШЏЦЄЩ ЭЪЉЮЦЮЅЄ Ѕ ЉІЪЦЁ ЮЄ ЫЈЅЄ ЅЫ ЋЮЂЂЦЬЪ ЂЪЦЩЪЈЉ ЦЄЩ ІЊЧЂЮШ ЌЪЈЪ
ШЮЪЩЦЉЉЅЃЪЅЫЭЪЈЪЦЉЅЄЉЫЅЈЂЅЌЈЪІЈЪЉЪЄЦЮЅЄЅЫЌЅЃЪЄЮЄ

 ЊЉ ЮЄ ЪЈЃЉ ЅЫ ІЈЅШЪЩЊЈЦЂ ЪЇЊЮЏ ЭЪ ЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮ   ЭЦЋЪ ЃЦЩЪ
ШЅЄЮЉЩЪЈЦЧЂЪЪffЅЈЉЅЪЄЉЊЈЪЭЪІЦЈЮШЮІЦЮЅЄЅЫЦЂЂЉЪШЮЅЄЉЅЫЉЅШЮЪЏЮЄЭЪ
ЩЪШЮЉЮЅЄЃЦЁЮЄЬЧЅЩЏЭЅЌЪЋЪЈЭЪЈЪЮЉЦЈЅЅЃЫЅЈЮЃІЈЅЋЪЃЪЄІЦЈЮШЊЂЦЈЂЏ
ЌЮЭЈЪЬЦЈЩЉЅЪЄЭЦЄШЮЄЬЌЅЃЪЄЉЈЪІЈЪЉЪЄЦЮЅЄЮЄЭЪЦЄЩЉЈЪЄЬЭЪЄЮЄЬ
ЭЪЮЈЋЅЮШЪЮЄЭЪЩЪШЮЉЮЅЄЃЦЁЮЄЬІЈЅШЪЉЉ
⅞.⅓.⅞₈ecisionmakingprocess
 ЃЅЄЭЂЏ ЃЪЪЮЄЬ ЅЫ  ЮЉ ЉШЭЪЩЊЂЪЩ ЫЅЈ ЭЪ Э ЅЫ ЪЋЪЈЏ ЃЅЄЭ ЅЫ ЭЪ
ῡЪІЦЂЮ ШЦЂЪЄЩЦЈ Ц ЬЪЄЪЈЦЂ ЦЉЉЪЃЧЂЏ ЅЫ Л ЮЉ ЭЪЂЩ ЅЄШЪ ЮЄ Ц ЏЪЦЈ ЦШЭ
ῳЅЫЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮЭЦЉЪЂЪШЪЩЮЉЅЌЄЈЪІЈЪЉЪЄЦЮЋЪЅІЊЫЅЈЌЦЈЩЭЪ
ЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄЦЄЩЩЪЋЪЂЅІЃЪЄЮЉЉЊЪЉЅЫЭЪЮЄЦЄЩЈЪЉЅЂЋЪЭЪЃЌЮЭ
7

ШЅЄЉЪЄЉЊЉЪЉІЪШЮЋЪЉЊЧШЅЃЃЮЪЪЉЭЪЂІЮЄЭЪЩЪШЮЉЮЅЄЃЦЁЮЄЬІЈЅШЪЉЉЦЄЩ
ЅЈЪЉЅЂЋЪЦЄЏЮЉЉЊЪЉЄЭЪЃЪЪЮЄЬЩЪШЮЉЮЅЄЉЦЈЪЃЦЩЪЭЈЅЊЬЭЦЩЪЃЅШЈЦЮШ
ІЈЅШЪЉЉЦЄЩЭЪЋЅЮШЪЅЫЪЋЪЈЏЃЪЃЧЪЈЅЫЮЉЭЪЦЈЩЦЄЩШЅЄЉЮЩЪЈЪЩЮЄЭЪ
ЩЪШЮЉЮЅЄЃЦЁЮЄЬІЈЅШЪЉЉ
Є ЦЩЩЮЮЅЄ ЭЪЈЪ ЮЉ ЦШЮЋЪ ІЦЈЮШЮІЦЮЅЄ ЅЫ ЏЅЊЭ ЮЄ ЫЅЈЪЉ ЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄ
ІЈЅЪШЮЅЄЦЄЩЩЪЋЪЂЅІЃЪЄЂЂЪЎЪШЊЮЋЪЃЪЃЧЪЈЉШЅЄЈЮЧЊЪЭЪЮЈЮЃЪЦЄЩ
ЪffЅЈЉЋЅЂЊЄЦЈЮЂЏЫЅЈЭЪЩЪЋЪЂЅІЃЪЄЦЄЩЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄЅЫЋЪЈЏЧЅЩЏЮЉ
ЦЌЦЈЪЅЫЭЪЋЦЂЊЪЅЫЭЪЫЅЈЪЉЫЅЈЭЪЮЈЂЮЋЪЂЮЭЅЅЩЉЦЄЩЅЭЪЈЪЄЋЮЈЅЄЃЪЄЦЂ
ЧЪЄЪfiЉЦЄЩЦШЮЋЪЂЏІЦЈЮШЮІЦЪЮЄЭЪЉЊЉЦЮЄЦЧЂЪЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄЅЫЦЄЩЭЊЉ
ЪЄЉЊЈЪ Ц ЉЊЉЦЮЄЦЧЂЪ ЉЊІІЂЏ ЅЫ ЈЪЉЅЊЈШЪЉ ЫЈЅЃ ЭЪ ЫЅЈЪЉ ЦЄЩ ЭЪЮЈ ЪЇЊЮЦЧЂЪ
ЩЮЉЈЮЧЊЮЅЄЦЃЅЄЬЭЪЊЉЪЈЉ

⅞.⅔₇ontextualequity

 ЮЉ ЉЪШЮЅЄ ЩЮЉШЊЉЉЪЉ ЌЭЪЭЪЈ ЭЪ ЋЅЮШЪ ЅЫ ЃЦЈЬЮЄЦЂЮЪЩ ЉЅШЮЦЂ ЬЈЅЊІЉ ЮЉ
ЈЪflЪШЪЩ ЮЄ ЭЪ ЩЪШЮЉЮЅЄ ЃЦЁЮЄЬ ІЈЅШЪЉЉ ЅЈ ЄЅ ЊЈЭЪЈЃЅЈЪ ШЅЄЪЎЊЦЂ
ЪЇЊЮЏЦЂЉЅЂЅЅЁЉЮЄЅЭЪШЅЄЪЎЌЮЭЈЪЬЦЈЩЉЅЭЪЦШШЪЉЉЅЫЃЦЈЬЮЄЦЂЮЪЩ
ЉЅШЮЦЂЬЈЅЊІЉЅЫЅЈЪЉЈЪЉЅЊЈШЪЉЦЄЩЈЪЂЦЪЩШЦІЦШЮЮЪЉ
⅞.⅔.⅝Socialinclusion
Љ ЃЪЄЮЅЄЪЩ ЪЦЈЂЮЪЈ ЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮ  ЭЦЉ ІЈЅЃЅЪЩ ЁЪЏ ЪЂЪЃЪЄЉ ЅЫ ЉЅШЮЦЂ
ЪЇЊЮЏЉЊШЭЦЉЉЅШЮЦЂЦЄЩЬЪЄЩЪЈЮЄШЂЊЉЮЋЪЄЪЉЉЪЉІЪШЮЦЂЂЏЮЄЧЪЄЪfiЉЉЭЦЈЮЄЬЦЄЩ
ЩЪШЮЉЮЅЄЃЦЁЮЄЬІЈЅШЪЉЉЪЉЮЋЪЈЉЪЉЅШЮЦЂЬЈЅЊІЉЭЦЋЪЧЪЪЄЌЪЂЂЈЪІЈЪЉЪЄЪЩ
ЦЄЩЦЈЪЦШЮЋЪЮЄЭЪЅЭЪЈЉЊЧШЅЃЃЮЪЪЉЦЄЩЬЪЄЪЈЦЂЦЉЉЪЃЧЂЏῠЅЈЪЅЋЪЈ
ЭЪЈЪ ЮЉ ЂЦЄЩ ЦЂЂЅШЦЮЅЄ ЅЫ  ЭЦ ЮЄ ЧЂЅШЁ  ЦЄЩ  ЅЫ ЭЪ  ЫЅЈ ЭЪ ІЅЅЈ
ЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЉЅЪЦЈЄЮЄШЅЃЪЉЭЈЅЊЬЭЭЪЉЦЂЪЅЫῡКЖЉЦЄЩῠЖЉЃЈЮЉЅ
ЮЉЧЅЊЬЭЧЏЭЪЂЅШЦЂЈЦЩЪЈЉЫЅЈЉЪЂЂЮЄЬЭЪЃЮЄЂЅШЦЂ
ЃЦЈЁЪЌЭЪЈЪЦЉЦЂЂЈЦЌЃЦЪЈЮЦЂЉЅЫЦЈІЦЬЦЄЩЭЦῠЪЄЭЦЦЄЩЮЈЅЄЪЂЂЦЦЈЪ
ЊЉЪЩЦЩЮЉЮЂЂЦЮЅЄІЂЦЄЅЫЭЪЅІЈЅЩЊШЪЪЉЉЪЄЮЦЂЅЮЂ
⅞.⅔.⅞Transparency
КЅ ЃЦЮЄЦЮЄ ЈЦЄЉІЦЈЪЄШЏ ЮЄ ЭЪ ЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄ ЅЫ  ЦЄЩ ЮЉ ЫЊЄЩЉ ЭЪ 
ЉЭЦЈЪЉ ЭЪ ЦЄЄЊЦЂ ЈЪІЅЈ ЦЄЩ ЦЊЩЮ ЈЪІЅЈ Ц ЭЪ ЦЄЄЊЦЂ ЬЪЄЪЈЦЂ ЦЉЉЪЃЧЂЏ
ЃЪЪЮЄЬ 
 Ъ ЫЪЪЩЧЦШЁ ЫЈЅЃ ЭЪ ЊЉЪЈЉ ЮЉ ЬЦЭЪЈЪЩ ЦЄЩ ЮЄШЅЈІЅЈЦЪЩ ЧЪЫЅЈЪ
fiЄЦЂЮЮЄЬЭЪЈЪІЅЈЉ

 Ъ  ЭЦЉ ЮЉ ЅЌЄ ЧЦЄЁ ЦШШЅЊЄ ЫЅЈ fiЄЦЄШЮЦЂ ЈЦЄЉЦШЮЅЄЉ ЭЦЮЈІЪЈЉЅЄ
ЉЪШЈЪЦЈЏЦЄЩЈЪЦЉЊЈЪЈЦЈЪЭЪЉЮЬЄЦЅЈЏЅЭЪЧЦЄЁЦШШЅЊЄ
8

⅞.⅔.⅓Networkingwithinstitutions

 Ъ  ЈЪШЪЮЋЪЉ ШЅЄЮЄЊЅЊЉ ЪШЭЄЮШЦЂ ЉЊІІЅЈ ЫЈЅЃ ЂЦЁЦ ЦЄЩ ЭЪ ЮЉЈЮШ
ЅЈЪЉЕffi
ШЪῗЮЁЪЌЮЉЪЭЪЪЩЪЈЦЮЅЄЅЫЅЃЃЊЄЮЏЅЈЪЉЈЏЛЉЪЈЉῡЪІЦЂ
ЕЛῡЭЦЉЧЪЪЄІЈЅЋЮЩЮЄЬЈЦЮЄЮЄЬЅЄЦЄЩ ЅЭЪЈ ЪЃЪЈЬЮЄЬ
ЮЉЉЊЪЉЅЫ  ЌЮЭЭЪЉЊІІЅЈЅЫЕК 
 ЪЪЄЪЈ ЫЅЈ ЖЪЅІЂЪЦЄЩ
ЅЈЪЉЉ 
 Ъ ЈЦЮЄЮЄЬЉ ЭЦЋЪ ЭЪЂІЪЩ ШЈЪЦЪ ЦЌЦЈЪЄЪЉЉ ЦЃЅЄЬ ЭЪ ЫЅЈЪЉ ЊЉЪЈЉ
ЦЧЅЊ ЭЪ ЮЉЉЊЪЉ ЅЫ ШЂЮЃЦЪ ШЭЦЄЬЪ ШЦЈЧЅЄ ЈЦЩЮЄЬ ЦЄЩ ЉЊЉЦЮЄЦЧЂЪ ЫЅЈЪЉ
ЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄЩЩЮЄЬЅЭЮЉЭЪЈЪШЪЮЋЪЉῡЖІЪЈЃЅЄЭЫЈЅЃ
ЄЪЈЄЦЮЅЄЦЂЪЋЪЂЅІЃЪЄЄЪЈІЈЮЉЪЉῡЪІЦЂЫЅЈЭЪЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄЅЫ
ЭЪЫЅЈЪЉЄЊЈЉЪЈЏЦЄЩЉЦЂЦЈЮЪЉῡЖІЪЈЃЅЄЭЅЫЌЅЂЅШЦЂЌЅЃЪЄ
ЌЭЅЦЈЪЪЃІЂЅЏЪЩЅЃЦЮЄЦЮЄЭЪЄЊЈЉЪЈЏЮЃЮЂЦЈЂЏЪЉЅЊЈШЪЩЪЄЮfiШЦЮЅЄ
ЦЄЩῠЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄЅШЮЪЏῡЪІЦЂῠῡЪІЦЂЭЦЉЧЪЪЄЉЊІІЅЈЮЄЬЭЪЂЅШЦЂ
ЋЮЂЂЦЬЪЈЉЫЅЈfiЉЭЫЦЈЃЮЄЬІЮЬЈЪЦЈЮЄЬЦЄЩЪШЅЅЊЈЮЉЃЦШЮЋЮЮЪЉ
⅞.⅔.⅔₈evelopmentofwetlandarea
ЭЅЈ ЪЈЃ ЦЄЩ ЂЅЄЬ ЪЈЃ
ІЂЦЄЉ Ѕ ЃЦЄЦЬЪ ЌЪЂЦЄЩ
ЦЈЪЦЉЌЮЭЮЄЭЪЦЈЪЧЪЮЄЬ
ЩЪЋЪЂЅІЪЩ 
 Ъ  ЮЉ ЦЂЉЅ
ІЂЦЄЄЮЄЬ Ѕ ШЈЪЦЪ ЅЊЈЮЉ
ЦЈЦШЮЅЄЉ Ѕ ІЈЅЃЅЪ
ЪШЅЅЊЈЮЉЃ ЦЈЅЊЄЩ ЭЪ
ЌЪЂЦЄЩ 
 Ъ ІЂЦЄ ЮЄШЂЊЩЪЉ
ЭЪЃЦЮЄЉЈЪЦЃЮЄЬЅЫЪЇЊЮЏ
ЪЂЪЃЪЄЉ ЮЄЅ ЩЮffЪЈЪЄ
ЦЉІЪШЉ ЅЫ ЩЪЋЪЂЅІЮЄЬ ЪШЅ
ЅЊЈЮЉЃЮЄЭЪЌЪЂЦЄЩЦЈЪЦ
Wetland area inside the Chisapani CF.
Photo: © rroy

 ЪІЂЦЄЉЅЬЮЋЪІЈЮЅЈЮЏ
ЅЭЪІЅЅЈЪЈЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЉЫЅЈЧЪЄЪfiЉЉЭЦЈЮЄЬЦЄЩЭЪЏЌЮЂЂЦЂЉЅЧЪЪЄШЅЊЈЦЬЪЩ
ЅІЦЈЮШЮІЦЪЦШЮЋЪЂЏЦЄЩЃЪЦЄЮЄЬЫЊЂЂЏЮЄЭЪІЂЦЄЄЮЄЬЮЃІЂЪЃЪЄЦЮЅЄЦЄЩ
ЩЪШЮЉЮЅЄЃЦЁЮЄЬІЈЅШЪЉЉЪЉ
⅞.⅔.5Wildliferehabilitationcenter

 ЪЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮЮЉЦЂЉЅЪЄЬЦЬЪЩЮЄІЈЅЋЮЩЮЄЬЉЭЪЂЪЈЅЭЪЮЄЯЊЈЪЩЌЮЂЩ
ЦЄЮЃЦЂЉЦЄЩЦЈЈЦЄЬЮЄЬЫЅЈЭЪЮЈЈЪЦЃЪЄЦЄЩЈЪЭЦЧЮЂЮЦЮЅЄ
 ЪЦЄЩ
ЅЭЪЈЃЪЃЧЪЈЉЅЫЛЭЦЋЪЈЪЉШЊЪЩЦЄЊЃЧЪЈЅЫЮЄЯЊЈЪЩЩЪЪЈЉЦЄЩЧЈЅЊЬЭ
ЭЪЃЅЌЮЂЩЂЮЫЪЈЪЭЦЧЮЂЮЦЮЅЄШЪЄЪЈЉЮЊЦЪЩЦЅffi
ШЪ ЪЈЭЪЈЪЦЃЪЄ
9

ЧЏЭЪЋЪЪЈЮЄЦЈЏЩЅШЅЈЪШЭЄЮШЮЦЄЭЪЦЄЮЃЦЂЉЦЈЪЈЪЂЪЦЉЪЩЧЦШЁЮЄЅЭЪЮЈ
ЄЦЊЈЦЂ ЭЦЧЮЦ 
 Ъ 
ЧЪЂЮЪЋЪЉ ЭЦ ЭЪ ШЪЄЪЈ
ЌЅЊЂЩ ЧЪ ЦЧЂЪ Ѕ ШЈЪЦЪ
ЦЌЦЈЪЄЪЉЉЅЄЭЪЉЮЬЄЮfiШЦЄШЪ
ЅЫ ЌЮЂЩЂЮЫЪ ШЅЄЉЪЈЋЦЮЅЄ
ЦЄЩ ЈЪЩЊШЮЄЬ ЌЮЂЩЂЮЫЪ ЦЄЩ
ЭЊЃЦЄ ШЅЄflЮШ ЦЃЅЄЬ ЭЪ
ЫЅЈЪЉ ЊЉЪЈЉ ЦЄЩ ЭЊЉ ЦЂЉЅ
ШЅЄЈЮЧЊЪ Ѕ ЭЪ ЩЪШЮЉЮЅЄ
ЃЦЁЮЄЬІЈЅШЪЉЉЌЮЭЈЪЬЦЈЩЉ
ЅЭЪЫЅЈЪЉІЈЅЪШЮЅЄЦЄЩ
Wildlife rehabilita on center at office primises of Chisapani CF.
ШЅЄЉЪЈЋЦЮЅЄ
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10

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ЦЄЩЈЪ  ЮЉ ЉЮЊЦЪЩ Ц ЪЩЭЮЁЭЅЂЦ ЏЦЄЬЯЦ ЩЮЉЈЮШ ЮЄ ЭЪ ЌЪЉЪЈЄ
ЩЪЋЪЂЅІЃЪЄЈЪЬЮЅЄЅЫῡЪІЦЂШЅЋЪЈЉЦЂЃЅЉЭЦЅЫЫЅЈЪЉЦЈЪЦЦЄЩЭЦЉ
ЃЪЃЧЪЈЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЉЮШЅЄЉЮЉЉЅЫЌЅῳЉЪЩЮЁЭЅЂЦЦЄЩЭЦЁЭЅЂЦ
ЕЊЅЫЅЦЂЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЉЦЄЩЦЈЪЭЪЩЅЃЮЄЦЄЬЈЅЊІЉЌЮЭ
ЅЄЂЏЭЈЪЪЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЉЫЈЅЃЦЂЮЦЄЩЅЄЂЏЅЄЪЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЫЈЅЃЖЉЮЃЮЂЦЈЅ
ЭЮЉЦІЦЄЮЭЪЫЦЃЮЂЮЪЉЭЦЃЮЬЈЦЪЅЭЪЋЮЂЂЦЬЪЭЦЋЪЅІЦЏῡЖ
ЅЧЪШЅЃЪЦЃЪЃЧЪЈЅЫЭЪЦЉЦЄЪЄЈЏЫЪЪЄЪЌЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЉЫЅЈЃЪЩЦ ЪЈ
ЉЪІЦЈЦЮЄЬЫЈЅЃЦЄЪЎЮЉЮЄЬЃЪЃЧЪЈЭЅЊЉЪЭЅЂЩЭЦЋЪЅІЦЏῡЖ
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 ЪЦЄЩЈЪЭЦЉЄЦЊЈЦЂЦЄЩІЂЦЄЦЮЅЄЫЅЈЪЉЉῠЦЯЅЈЈЪЪЉІЪШЮЪЉЅЫЭЪ
ЄЦЊЈЦЂ ЫЅЈЪЉ ЦЈЪ ЭЮЂЦЊЄЪ   ГЦЊЉ  
ЦЄЩ ЖЮЄЪ   ЌЭЪЈЪЦЉ ЈЪЪ ЉЪЪЩЂЮЄЬЉ ЅЫ ЦЩЦЭЦЈ 
 ЭЦЃІЦЄЩῗЦІЉЮ
ЭЦЋЪЧЪЪЄІЂЦЄЪЩЮЄЭЪЅІЪЄЦЄЩЧЦЈЈЪЄЂЦЄЩЌЮЭЮЄ
 ЪЌЦЉЫЅЈЃЦЂЂЏ
ЭЦЄЩЪЩЅЋЪЈЅЭЪЋЮЂЂЦЬЪЈЉЧЏЭЪЕЏЦЄЬЯЦЮЄ
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 Ъ ЭЮЉЅЈЮШЦЂ ЦШШЅЊЄ ЅЫ ЦЄЩЈЪ  ЈЪЋЪЦЂЉ ЭЦ ЭЪ ЋЮЂЂЦЬЪЈЉ ЌЪЈЪ ЭЦЄЩЪЩ
ЅЋЪЈЦІЅЅЈЇЊЦЂЮЏЅЫЫЅЈЪЉЉЌЮЭЋЪЈЏЉІЦЈЉЪЈЪЪШЅЋЪЈЖЈЮЅЈЅЭЪЭЦЄЩЅЋЪЈ
ЮЌЦЉЧЪЮЄЬЊЉЪЩЦЉЦЄЅІЪЄЦШШЪЉЉЈЪЉЅЊЈШЪЦЄЩЫЈЪЇЊЪЄЮЄШЮЩЪЄШЪЉЅЫЫЅЈЪЉ
fiЈЪЉЫЊЈЭЪЈШЅЄЈЮЧЊЪЩЅЮЉЩЪЬЈЦЩЦЮЅЄЛІЅЄЧЪЮЄЬЫЅЈЃЦЂЂЏЈЪШЅЬЄЮЪЩ
ЦЉ Ц  ЭЪ ЋЮЂЂЦЬЪЈЉ ЅЅЁ ЭЪ ЮЄЮЮЦЮЋЪ Ѕ ЃЦЄЦЬЪ ЭЪ ЫЅЈЪЉ ЦЄЩ ЦЩЅІЪЩ
ЮЄЦЄЊЃЧЪЈЅЫЈЊЂЪЉЦЄЩЈЪЬЊЂЦЮЅЄЉЅЉЅІЫЊЈЭЪЈЩЪЬЈЦЩЦЮЅЄЅЫЭЪ
Є ЦЩЩЮЮЅЄ Ц ЄЊЃЧЪЈ ЅЫ ЈЪЭЦЧЮЂЮЦЮЅЄ ЃЪЦЉЊЈЪЉ ЮЄШЂЊЩЮЄЬ ІЂЦЄЦЮЅЄ ЦЄЩ
ЪЄЈЮШЭЃЪЄ ЦШЮЋЮЮЪЉ ЌЪЈЪ ЮЄЮЮЦЪЩ ЧЏ ЭЪ ЋЮЂЂЦЬЪЈЉ ЊЈЈЪЄЂЏ Ц ЫЊЂЂ ЮЃЪ
ЫЅЈЪЉЌЦШЭЪЈЦЁЪЉШЦЈЪЅЫЭЪЫЅЈЪЉЌЭЮШЭЮЉЌЮЭЅЊЦЄЏЫЪЄШЮЄЬ
ЦЄЩЈЪ  ЭЦЉ ЧЪЪЄ ЩЮЋЮЩЪЩ ЮЄЅ ЭЈЪЪ ЃЦЯЅЈ ЧЂЅШЁЉ ЫЅЈ Ю ЉЮЂЋЮШЊЂЊЈЦЂ
ЅІЪЈЦЮЅЄЉ ЉЊШЭ ЦЉ ЭЮЄЄЮЄЬ ІЈЊЄЮЄЬ ЉЮЄЬЂЮЄЬ ЮЮ ЈЅЦЮЅЄЦЂ ЭЦЈЋЪЉЮЄЬ ЅЫ
ЩЪЦЩЩЪШЦЏЮЄЬЩЮЉЪЦЉЪЩЈЪЪЉЦЄЩЮЮЮЃЦЄЦЬЪЃЪЄЅЫЃЦЊЈЪЩЈЪЪЉЂЅЄЬ
ЌЮЭЦЄЊЃЧЪЈЅЫЈЊЂЪЉЦЄЩЈЪЬЊЂЦЮЅЄЉЌЮЭЈЪЬЦЈЩЉЅЊЉЮЄЬЫЅЈЪЉЭЪЭЦЉ
ЃЦЩЪІЈЅЋЮЉЮЅЄЉЅЫІЪЄЦЂЏЫЅЈЮЂЂЪЬЦЂЂЏЊЉЮЄЬЭЪЫЅЈЪЉЅЈЪЎЦЃІЂЪШЦЂЪ
ЬЈЦЮЄЬЮЉІЈЅЭЮЧЮЪЩЮЄЉЮЩЪЭЪЦЄЩЦЩЪЫЦЊЂЪЈЭЦЉЅІЦЏЦfiЄЪЅЫῡЖ
ЫЅЈЪЦШЭЦЄЮЃЦЂ
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