RBM and Logical Framework Approach (LFA)

  Riset dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat: Logical Framework Approach

Project Success How?

  Engagement Ownership clearly defined Clear division of responsibilities Realism!! (purpose) Connection Activities – Objectives Capacity to handle risks Flexibility Beneficiaries engaged in project planning

…..LFA is a useful tool to reach success!

  

RBM and Logical Framework Approach

(LFA) „

  The LFA is an RBM tool used for systematic planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating projects/ programmes.

LFA Characteristics

  

Finding the “roots” before setting the

objectives Objectives & beneficiary oriented Participatory/ Ownership! Consensus oriented Focus on logical links Systematic common sense!!!

  

The Logical Framework Approach (i)

Features of LFA :

  ¾

  stakeholder involvement

  ¾

  needs-based approach

  ¾

  logical intervention approach

  ¾

  framework for assessing relevance, feasibility and sustainability The Logical Framework Approach (ii)

  Features of LFA :

  ¾ results-oriented – not activity driven ¾

  logically sets objectives and their causal relationships

  ¾

  shows whether objectives have been achieved: I ndicators (for M&E)

  ¾

  describes external factors that influence the project’s success: assumptions and risks

  LFA Key Features

  Main steps:

• Stakeholder Analysis
• SWOT Analysis
• Problem Tree Analysis
• Objective Tree Analysis
• Logical Framework Matrix
• Monitoring and evaluation

Stakeholder Analysis

  Stakeholder is any individuals, group or organization, community, with an interest in the outcome of a programme/ project.

  Stakeholder Analysis To identify:

Purpose:

  

The needs and interest of stakeholders

ƒ

  The organizations, groups that should be ƒ encouraged to participate in different stages of the project; Potential risks that could put at risk

  ƒ programme; Opportunities in implementing a programme;

  ƒ

  

SWOT Analysis (i)

  Purpose:

  „

  To assess the performance and capacity of the participating units, divisions of organization.

  „

  Each participating unit has to undertake SWOT analysis.

  

SWOT Analysis (ii)

„

  SWOT analysis is a tool for institutional appraisal and a brainstorming exercise in which the representatives of the organization participate fully.

  

SWOT Analysis (iii)

  SWOT stands for:

  „

• the positive internal

Strengths

  attributes of the organisation

  „ Weaknesses - the negative internal

  attributes of the organisation

  „

• external factors which

Opportunities

  could improve the organisation’s prospects

  „ Threats - external factors which could

  undermine the organisation’s prospects

  Problem Tree Analysis Purpose:

• to identify major problems and their main causal relationships.

  Output:

  problem tree with cause and effects

Steps in Undertaking Problem Tree 1

  I dentify the major problems that the project will address. State problems in negative manner. _2. Group problems by similarity of concerns. _3. Develop the problem tree: _a)

  Select a focal problem from the list and relate other problems to the focal problem. _b) I f the problem is a cause of the focal problem it is placed below the focal problem _c) I f the problem is an effect of the focal problem is goes above

Problem Tree

  CAUSE ^EFFECT Analysis of Objectives „

  Transforming the problem tree into an objectives tree by restating the problems as objectives.

  „

  Problem statement converted in to positive statements

  „

  Top of the tree is the end that is desired

  „

  Lower levels are the means to achieving the end.

  17 Ends Means e re

• ^* T s e
₄ v _{, 2} ti _{e id} c _{G t u} je _{m e n} b _{a g e} O _{a n}

  

The relationship between the problems

tree and the objective tree

  „

  Focal problem Project Purpose

  „

  Effects Overall

  Objectives

  „

  Causes Results

  

Strategy Analysis (i)

„

  The aim of strategy analysis is division of the

objectives tree into more consistent smaller sub-

units that may, compose the core for a project.

  „ Each of the sub-units of the objective tree can

represent an alternative strategy for the future

project.

  „ The project objectives set the framework for the strategy of the project.

  Strategy Analysis (ii) „

  Criteria for selection of the project strategy:

  2. EFFECTI VENESS: the lower level objectives of

the strategy will contribute to achievement of

the project purpose

  3. EFFI CI ENCY: cost-effectiveness of the

strategy in transforming the means into results.

  4. CONSI STENT with development policies

  5. SUSTAI NABI LI TY of the project

  6. ASSUMPTI ONS and RI SKS

  The Logframe Matrix „

  The main output of the LFA is the logframe matrix.

  „ The Logical Framework Matrix is used to present information about project objectives, outputs and activities in a systematic and logical way.

  „ The basic Logframe matrix contains 16 cells organized into 4 columns and 4 rows, as indicated in the next slide:

  The Logical Framework Matrix Objectives & _{activities Indicators verification} ^{Means of} _{Assumptions (Impact)} Goal _(Outcome) Purpose/

  Outputs _Activities Means _{Cost before activities} What needs to _{be fulfilled can start Pre- conditions}

  Assumptions (i) „

  Describe necessary internal and external

conditions in order to ensure that the activities

will produce results

  „ Assumptions are risks, which can jeopardize the success of the project

  „ Are worded positively, i.e. they describe circumstances required to achieve certain objectives

  Assumptions (ii) „

  Should be relevant and probable

  „

  I f an assumption is not important or almost certain: Do not include

  „

  I f an assumption is unlikely to occur: Killer assumption – abandon project

  Assumptions (iii) „

  Example of Assumptions for the Goal and Purpose:

  „ Political – stability of NSO and government staff

  „ Economic – sustainable economy

  „ Etc.

  Assumptions (iv) „

  Example of Assumptions:

  „ Adequate funds materials. „ Skilled people – training needs. „

  Approvals & contracts – legal, administrative.

  „ Participation of stakeholders.

  27 rk o _{Assumptions Assumptions Assumptions} w e m a fr l a ic g o l I ndicators (i) „

  

I ndicators measure to verify to what extant the

results are achieved.

  „ Specify how the achievement of an objective can be verified or demonstrated

  „ Provide a basis for Monitoring and Evaluation

  „

  „ Quantity

  „ Quality

  „ Time

  29 ) ii ( rs to a ic d

  

Means of Verification

„

  Tools or means to obtain the information required by the indicators

  „

  I nclude:

  „ project documents

  „ field verification

  „ ad-hoc studies Results Chain & Logical Framework _RBM Matrix _LFA Result _{Goal/ Impact}

  Purpose/ Result

  Out come _Result Output Result _Activities Monitoring and Evaluation „

  Based on t he logical f ramework „

  St rengt hens account abilit y and t ransparency „

  Provides inf ormat ion f or ef f ect ive management „

  

Helps det ermine what works well and

what requires improvement „

  Builds knowledge

  Purpose of Monitoring and Evaluation „

  I t is the continuous process of collecting, processing and assessing information about the: _„

  Project implementation _„ Project progress _„ Project impact and effects _„ Project environment

  

Monitoring (i)

„

  Continuous function that aims to provide early indications of progress or lack thereof in the achievement of results

  Monitoring (ii) „

  Assumes the validity of the existing plan

  „

  Takes place at project level

  „

  I s the responsibility of the project management

  „

  I s based on the indicators defined in the logical framework

  Monitoring Responsibility „

  Project Management „

  Activities „

  Output indicators „

  Early outcome indicators „

  Project Target Group „

  Outcome indicators „

  I mpact indicators

  

Evaluation

„

  Time-bound exercise to assess the relevance, performance and success of on- going or completed projects

  „

  Questions the validity of existing planning

  „

  I s related to the impact of a project

  „

  Opens the mind for strategic adjustments

  Evaluation Quality Criteria „

  Relevance (overall)

  „

  Efficiency (activities, outputs)

  „

  Effectiveness (outputs, outcome)

  „

  I mpact (outcome, impact)

  „

  Sustainability (outcome, impact)

  

The of an LFA analysis

nine steps

  1 Analysis of project´ s Context

  2 Analysis of Stakeholders

  3 Problem Analysis/ Situation Analysis

  4 Objectives Analysis

  5 Plan of Activities

  6 Plan of Resources/ I nputs

  7 I ndicators/ measurements

  8 Risk Analysis

  9 Analysis of Assumptions

  Why different steps in LFA? Step 1 – 4

Relevance;

  Context, Stakeholder-, Problem- and Objectives analysis. Logical links between problems and solutions, Relevant to support? (in accordance with strategies and problems in the country/ sector?)

  Step 5 – 7 Feasible ; Plan of Activities, Resources/ inputs and I ndicators.

  Are the resources sufficient to achieve the objectives? (Resources: Personnel, time, funding, equipment)

  ; Step 8 – 9 Sustainable

  Risk analysis and Assumptions. I f the project is sustainable, will the effects of the project remain

I nternet information on LFA

  www.google.com/ logical framework approach http: / / www.ausaid.gov.au/ ausguide/ ausguidelines/ 1.ht ml http: / / lgausa.com/ logframe_approach.htm http: / / www.cgiar.org/ isnar/ gender/ hambly.htm

http: / / www.pcm-group.com/ services_helpdesk_faq.jsp

http: / / europa.eu.int/ comm/ europeaid/ evaluation/ metho

ds/ PCM_Manual_EN-march2001.pdf

  LFA summary Relevant, Feasible and Sustainable projects/ programs - success! Participation & ownership! Joint approach to project Make problem analysis with accuracy / time to correctly analyze causes & effects Connection problems and objectives Add analysis such as cost effectiveness and gender, study on environmental aspects and make a clear division of responsibilities LFA during all phases of the project How the LFA method works depends on its users LFA is no better and no worse than its users

Assignment

  Apply LFA in creating value-added product based on your local resources Due date : May 25, 2009; 16.00 WI B at the latest