Kemiripan dan Evaluasi Produksi Aksesi Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) dari Jawa Barat Similarity and Yield Evaluation of Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) Accessions from West Java

J. Agron. Indonesia 44 (1) : 55 - 61 (2016)

Kemiripan dan Evaluasi Produksi Aksesi Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) dari Jawa Barat Similarity and Yield Evaluation of Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) Accessions from West Java Venti Jatsiyah 1 , Anas Dinurrohman Susila 2 *, dan Muhamad Syukur 2

1 Program­­­­­­Studi­­­­­­Agronomi­­­­­­dan­­­­­­Hortikultura,­­­­­­Sekolah­­­­­­Pascasarjana,­­­­­­Institut­­­­­­Pertanian­­­­­­Bogor

2 Departemen­­­­­­Agronomi­­­­­­dan­­­­­­Hortikultura,­­­­­­Fakultas­­­­­­Pertanian,­­­­­­Institut­­­­­­Pertanian­­­­­­Bogor­­­­­­ (Bogor­­­­­­Agricultural­­­­­­University),­­­­­­Jl.­­­­­­Meranti,­­­­­­Kampus­­­­­­IPB­­­­­­Darmaga,­­­­­­Bogor­­­­­­16680,­­­­­­Indonesia

Diterima­­­­­­9­­­­­­September­­­­­­2015/Disetujui­­­­­­20­­­­­­Januari­­­­­­2016

ABSTRACT

Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) is an Indonesian indigenous vegetable which is potential to be developed. Exploration conducted in Bogor, Sukabumi, Bandung, Bandung Barat, Subang, Garut, Majalengka, Kuningan, and Tasikmalaya had succesfully collected 20 accessions of Cosmos sp. The objectives of this study were to observe similarity and estimate the yield of Cosmos accessions from West Java. Clusters analysis grouped 20 Cosmos accessions into three clusters. Cluster I consisted of Pendeuy, Saribakti, Karang agung, Sindangbarang, Langensari, Perbawati, Sudajaya girang, Karang tengah, Argalingga, Warnasari, Sukaresmi, Ciwidey, Jalan cagak, Lebaksiuh, Tugu selatan, Ciwarak, Linggarjati and Babakan accessions. Cluster II and III consisted only one accession each which were Ciaruteun and Dramaga, respectively. Seven accessions from different sub cluster were evaluated to estimate the yield. A significant variability was found among the accessions. Results showed that those accessions were significantly different on plant height, stem girth, numbers of primary branches, number of leaf, leaves width, leaves length, days to flowering and yield. The results showed that Dramaga and Ciaruteun acessions were recomended to be developed because of its high yield.

Keywords: characterization, cluster analysis, exploration

ABSTRAK

Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) merupakan sayuran indigenous Indonesia yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan. Eksplorasi kenikir yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Bogor, Sukabumi, Bandung, Bandung Barat, Subang, Garut, Majalengka, Kuningan, dan Tasikmalaya memperoleh 20 aksesi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kemiripan antar aksesi dan memperkirakan hasil beberapa aksesi kenikir tersebut. Hasil analisis kluster mengelompokkan 20 aksesi kenikir ke dalam

3 gerombol. Gerombol I terdiri atas aksesi Pendeuy, Saribakti, Karang agung, Sindangbarang, Langensari, Perbawati, Sudajaya girang, Karang tengah, Argalingga, Warnasari, Sukaresmi, Ciwidey, Jalan cagak, Lebaksiuh, Tugu selatan, Ciwarak, Linggarjati dan Babakan. Gerombol II terdiri atas aksesi Ciaruteun dan gerombol III terdiri atas aksesi Dramaga. Tujuh aksesi yang berada pada sub gerombol yang berbeda dievaluasi untuk mendapatkan perkiraan hasil. Hasil analisis menunjukkan antar aksesi ada perbedaan karakter tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah cabang primer, jumlah daun, panjang, lebar daun, hari mulai berbunga dan hasil panen per petak. Aksesi Dramaga dan Ciaruteun direkomendasikan untuk dikembangkan karena menunjukkan hasil panen tertinggi.

Kata kunci: analisis gerombol, eksplorasi, karakterisasi

PENDAHULUAN

pedesaan­­­­­­dan­­­­­­perkotaan­­­­­­(Habwe­­­­­­et al.,­­­­­­2009).­­­­­­Sebagian­­­­­­besar­­­­­­ sayuran­­­­­­indigenous­­­­­­di­­­­­­daerah­­­­­­tropis,­­­­­­telah­­­­­­lama­­­­­­dikenal­­­­­­dan­­­­­­

Tanaman­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­ (Cosmos caudatus­­­­­­ Kunth.)­­­­­­ dilaporkan­­­­­­ berperan­­­­­­ penting­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­ ketahanan­­­­­­ pangan­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ merupakan­­­­­­ sayuran­­­­­­ indigenous­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ biasa­­­­­­ dikonsumsi­­­­­­

menyumbang­­­­­­hingga­­­­­­100%­­­­­­dari­­­­­­pendapatan­­­­­­rumah­­­­­­tangga­­­­­­ masyarakat­­­­­­secara­­­­­­turun­­­­­­temurun­­­­­­di­­­­­­Indonesia­­­­­­khususnya­­­­­­di­­­­­­

di­­­­­­ pedesaan­­­­­­(Diouf­­­­­­et al.,­­­­­­ 2007).­­­­­­ Bagian­­­­­­tanaman­­­­­­­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­ Jawa­­­­­­Barat.­­­­­­Sayuran­­­­­­indigenous­­­­­­merupakan­­­­­­spesies­­­­­­sayuran­­­­­­

yang­­­­­­biasa­­­­­­dikonsumsi­­­­­­adalah­­­­­­daun­­­­­­mudanya.­­­­­­Daun­­­­­­sayuran­­­­­­ asli­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ berasal­­­­­­ dari­­­­­­ daerah­­­­­­ atau­­­­­­ lingkungan­­­­­­ tertentu­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­

kenikir­­­­­­­­­­­­dapat­­­­­­juga­­­­­­dimanfaatkan­­­­­­sebagai­­­­­­­­­­­­antioksidan­­­­­­(Rafat­­­­­­ biasa­­­­­­ dimanfaatkan­­­­­­ sebagai­­­­­­ makanan­­­­­­ bagi­­­­­­ masyarakat­­­­­­

et al.,­­­­­­2011).­­­­­­

Kenikir­­­­­­ merupakan­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­ asli­­­­­­ dari­­­­­­ daerah­­­­­­ tropis­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ Amerika­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ kemudian­­­­­­ dibawa­­­­­­ oleh­­­­­­ orang­­­­­­ Spanyol­­­­­­

*­­­­­­Penulis­­­­­­untuk­­­­­­korespondensi.­­­­­­e-mail:­­­­­­anasdsusila@ymail.com ke­­­­­­ Filipina.­­­­­­ Tanaman­­­­­­ ini­­­­­­ diperbanyak­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­ biji,­­­­­­ dapat­­­­­­

­­­­­­Kemiripan­­­­­­dan­­­­­­Evaluasi­­­­­­Produksi......

J. Agron. Indonesia 44 (1) : 55 - 61 (2016)

tumbuh­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ ketinggian­­­­­­ 0-1,600­­­­­­ m­­­­­­ dpl,­­­­­­ tumbuh­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­

BAHAN DAN METODE

baik­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ daerah­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­ sinar­­­­­­ matahari­­­­­­ penuh­­­­­­ (van­­­­­­ den­­­­­­ Bergh,­­­­­­1994).

Kemiripan Aksesi Kenikir

Kenikir­­­­­­telah­­­­­­menyebar­­­­­­di­­­­­­beberapa­­­­­­negara.­­­­­­Melchert­­­­­­ (2010)­­­­­­mengkoleksi­­­­­­32­­­­­­spesies­­­­­­kenikir­­­­­­dari­­­­­­genus­­­­­­Cosmos­­­­­­

Identifikasi­­­­­­ kemiripan­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­ dimulai­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­2­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­Cosmos caudatus Kunth.,­­­­­­yaitu­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­Veracrus­­­­­­

dengan­­­­­­ kegiatan­­­­­­ eksplorasi.­­­­­­ Eksplorasi­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ Panama­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ Mexico.­­­­­­Amado­­­­­­ et al.­­­­­­ (2013)­­­­­­ menemukan­­­­­­

dilaksanakan­­­­­­ mulai­­­­­­ bulan­­­­­­ Desember­­­­­­ 2013­­­­­­ sampai­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­ 259­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ wilayah­­­­­­ Amerika.­­­­­­ Ekplorasi­­­­­­

Februari­­­­­­ 2014­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ beberapa­­­­­­ tempat­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ Jawa­­­­­­ Barat­­­­­­ yaitu­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­ oleh­­­­­­ Putrasamedja­­­­­­ (2005)­­­­­­ memperoleh­­­­­­ 1­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­

Bogor,­­­­­­Sukabumi,­­­­­­Subang,­­­­­­Bandung,­­­­­­Bandung­­­­­­Barat,­­­­­­Garut,­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ Kabupaten­­­­­­ Karawang.­­­­­­ Eksplorasi­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ dilakukan­­­­­­ oleh­­­­­­

Majalengka,­­­­­­ Kuningan­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ Tasikmalaya.­­­­­­ Hasil­­­­­­ eksplorasi­­­­­­ Hermanto­­­­­­ (2008)­­­­­­ memperoleh­­­­­­ 8­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ dari­­­­­­ Kabupaten­­­­­­

(Tabel­­­­­­ 1)­­­­­­ ditanam­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ kebun­­­­­­ Percobaan­­­­­­ IPB­­­­­­ Tajur­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ Pandeglang­­­­­­dan­­­­­­Bogor.

memiliki­­­­­­ketinggian­­­­­­250­­­­­­m­­­­­­dpl,­­­­­­­­­­­­berlangsung­­­­­­mulai­­­­­­­­­­­­bulan­­­­­­ Informasi­­­­­­potensi­­­­­­produksi­­­­­­berbagai­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­kenikir­­­­­­ini­­­­­­

Desember­­­­­­ 2013­­­­­­ sampai­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­April­­­­­­ 2014.­­­­­­ Bahan­­­­­­ tanam­­­­­­ diperlukan­­­­­­untuk­­­­­­membuat­­­­­­perkiraan­­­­­­produksi­­­­­­dan­­­­­­membuat­­­­­­

yang­­­­­­digunakan­­­­­­adalah­­­­­­20­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­yang­­­­­­terdiri­­­­­­atas­­­­­­5­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­ deskripsinya.­­­­­­ Keuntungan­­­­­­ secara­­­­­­ ekonomi­­­­­­ mendorong­­­­­­

Bogor,­­­­­­ 1­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ Subang,­­­­­­ 1­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ Tasikmalaya,­­­­­­ 5­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ terbentuknya­­­­­­ usaha­­­­­­ produksi­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ nantinya­­­­­­ memerlukan­­­­­­

Sukabumi,­­­­­­ 1­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ Majalengka,­­­­­­ 4­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ Garut,­­­­­­ 2­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ varietas­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ berdaya­­­­­­ hasil­­­­­­ tinggi.­­­­­­ Karakterisasi­­­­­­ plasma­­­­­­

Bandung­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ 1­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ Kuningan.­­­­­­ Penyemaian­­­­­­ dilakukan­­­­­­ nutfah­­­­­­ merupakan­­­­­­ langkah­­­­­­ awal­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ diperlukan­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­

dengan­­­­­­ tray­­­­­­ semai­­­­­­ 72­­­­­­ sel­­­­­­ menggunakan­­­­­­ media­­­­­­ tanam­­­­­­ memilih­­­­­­ tetua­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ tepat­­­­­­ untuk­­­­­­ memfasilitasi­­­­­­ upaya­­­­­­

komersial­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ komposisinya­­­­­­ terdiri­­­­­­ atas­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ fine compost/ pemuliaan­­­­­­(Sarutayophat­­­­­­et al.,­­­­­­2007).­­­­­­Pengetahuan­­­­­­tentang­­­­­­

pakis,­­­­­­ tepung­­­­­­ tempurung­­­­­­ kelapa,­­­­­­ arang­­­­­­ sekam,­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ humus­­­­­­ keterkaitan­­­­­­ antar­­­­­­ karakteristik­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­ pemilihan­­­­­­

(1:1:1:1).­­­­­­ Persemaian­­­­­­ disiram­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­ frekuensi­­­­­­ 2­­­­­­ hari­­­­­­ genotipe­­­­­­yang­­­­­­unggul­­­­­­juga­­­­­­penting­­­­­­dalam­­­­­­perencanaan­­­­­­dan­­­­­­

sekali.­­­­­­Bibit­­­­­­kenikir­­­­­­yang­­­­­­sudah­­­­­­berumur­­­­­­4­­­­­­minggu­­­­­­setelah­­­­­­ evaluasi­­­­­­program­­­­­­pemuliaan­­­­­­(Sheela­­­­­­­­­­­­dan­­­­­­Gopalan,­­­­­­2006).­­­­­­

semai­­­­­­ (MSS)­­­­­­ ditanam­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ bedengan­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­ ukuran­­­­­­ 1­­­­­­ m­­­­­­ Penelitian­­­­­­ ini­­­­­­ bertujuan­­­­­­ untuk­­­­­­ mengidentifikasi­­­­­­ kemiripan­­­­­­

x­­­­­­3­­­­­­m.­­­­­­Tiap­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­ditanam­­­­­­pada­­­­­­1­­­­­­bedeng.­­­­­­Masing-masing­­­­­­ antar­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­kenikir­­­­­­dari­­­­­­beberapa­­­­­­tempat­­­­­­di­­­­­­Jawa­­­­­­Barat­­­­­­dan­­­­­­

aksesi­­­­­­terdiri­­­­­­atas­­­­­­10­­­­­­tanaman­­­­­­yang­­­­­­kemudian­­­­­­dikarakterisasi­­­­­­ mendapatkan­­­­­­ informasi­­­­­­ potensi­­­­­­ produksi­­­­­­ beberapa­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­

untuk­­­­­­ melihat­­­­­­ karakteristiknya.­­­­­­ Bedengan­­­­­­ tersebut­­­­­­ diberi­­­­­­ kenikir.

pupuk­­­­­­ kandang­­­­­­ sapi­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­ dosis­­­­­­ 15­­­­­­ ton­­­­­­ ha -1 .­­­­­­ Penanaman­­­­­­

Tabel­­­­­­1.­­­­­­Aksesi­­­­­­kenikir­­­­­­hasil­­­­­­eksplorasi­­­­­­dari­­­­­­beberapa­­­­­­tempat­­­­­­di­­­­­­Jawa­­­­­­Barat

Elevasi

Kode­­­­­­aksesi Asal

(m­­­­­­dpl)

Benih AK2

AK1 Jalan­­­­­­Cagak

Subang

T:107 o 39’34”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:06 o 43’29”

Benih­­­­­­dan­­­­­­bibit AK3

Ciwarak

Tasikmalaya

T:­­­­­­108 o 21’26”­­­­­­S:07 o 53’19”

Benih AK4

Karang­­­­­­tengah

Sukabumi

T:106 o 48’28”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:06 o 53’49”

Benih AK5

Wanasari

Sukabumi

T:106 o 56’16”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:06 o 54’11”

Benih AK6

Perbawati

Sukabumi

T:106 o 56’43”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:06 o 52’39”

Benih AK7

Sudajaya­­­­­­Girang Sukabumi

T:106 o 57’19”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:06 o 52’21”

Benih AK8

Sindangbarang

Bogor

T:106 o 46’09”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:06 o 34’56”

Benih AK9

Langensari

Bandung­­­­­­Barat

T:107 o 38’14”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:06 o 49’36”

Benih AK10

Pendeuy

Garut

T:107 o 55’08”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:07 o 31’29”

Benih AK11

Karang­­­­­­agung

Garut

T:107 o 55’02”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:07 o 30’55”

Benih AK12

Saribakti

Garut

T:107 o 55’09”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:07 o 31’29”

Bibit AK13

Linggarjati

Kuningan

T:108 o 28’04”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:06 o 52’53”­­­­­­

Benih­­­­­­dan­­­­­­bibit AK14

Sukaresmi

Garut

T:107 o 48’50”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:07 o 15’51”

Benih AK15

Dramaga

Bogor

T:­­­­­­106 o 42’52”­­­­­­S:06 o 32’40”

Benih­­­­­­dan­­­­­­bibit AK16

Tugu­­­­­­Selatan

Bogor

T:106 o 57’00”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:06 o 41’17”

Benih­­­­­­dan­­­­­­bibit AK17

Ciaruteun

Bogor

T:106 o 40’33”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:06 o 32’05”

Bibit AK18

Babakan

Bogor

T:106 o 43’54”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:06 o 33’43”

Bibit AK19

Lebaksiuh

Sukabumi

T:106 o 55’03”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:06 o 51’59”

Benih AK20

Argalingga

Majalengka

T:108 o 21’28”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:06 o 53’48”

T:107 o 28’12”­­­­­­­­­­­­S:07 o 05’59”

Venti­­­­­­Jatsiyah,­­­­­­Anas­­­­­­Dinurrohman­­­­­­Susila,­­­­­­dan­­­­­­Muhamad­­­­­­Syukur

J. Agron. Indonesia 44 (1) : 55 - 61 (2016)

dilakukan­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­ sistem­­­­­­ double row,­­­­­­ jarak­­­­­­ antar­­­­­­ baris­­­­­­ 25­­­­­­ Peubah­­­­­­yang­­­­­­diamati­­­­­­adalah­­­­­­tinggi­­­­­­tanaman,­­­­­­diameter­­­­­­

cm,­­­­­­dan­­­­­­jarak­­­­­­antar­­­­­­tanaman­­­­­­dalam­­­­­­baris­­­­­­27­­­­­­cm.­­­­­­Tanaman­­­­­­ batang,­­­­­­jumlah­­­­­­daun,­­­­­­jumlah­­­­­­cabang­­­­­­primer,­­­­­­panjang­­­­­­daun,­­­­­­ diberi­­­­­­pupuk­­­­­­N,­­­­­­P,­­­­­­dan­­­­­­K­­­­­­(45-36-90)­­­­­­dengan­­­­­­dosis­­­­­­masing-

lebar­­­­­­ daun,­­­­­­ umur­­­­­­ berbunga,­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ hasil­­­­­­ panen­­­­­­ per­­­­­­ bedeng.­­­­­­ masing­­­­­­47,­­­­­­311,­­­­­­dan­­­­­­56­­­­­­kg­­­­­­ha -1 ­­­­­­per­­­­­­musim­­­­­­tanam­­­­­­pada­­­­­­saat­­­­­­

Jumlah­­­­­­daun,­­­­­­panjang­­­­­­daun­­­­­­dan­­­­­­lebar­­­­­­daun­­­­­­kenikir­­­­­­diamati­­­­­­ tanam­­­­­­ (Manurung­­­­­­ et al.,­­­­­­ 2008).­­­­­­ Kegiatan­­­­­­ pemeliharaan­­­­­­

pada­­­­­­daun­­­­­­yang­­­­­­telah­­­­­­membuka­­­­­­sempurna.­­­­­­Panjang­­­­­­dan­­­­­­lebar­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­dilakukan­­­­­­meliputi­­­­­­penyulaman,­­­­­­pemupukan­­­­­­­­­­­­susulan­­­­­­­­­­­­

daun­­­­­­diamati­­­­­­pada­­­­­­posisi­­­­­­daun­­­­­­ketiga.­­­­­­Pengamatan­­­­­­terhadap­­­­­­ berupa­­­­­­ pemberian­­­­­­ pupuk­­­­­­ N­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ K­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ umur­­­­­­ 4­­­­­­ minggu­­­­­­

tinggi­­­­­­ tanaman,­­­­­­ diameter­­­­­­ batang,­­­­­­ jumlah­­­­­­ daun,­­­­­­ jumlah­­­­­­ setelah­­­­­­tanam­­­­­­(MST)­­­­­­dengan­­­­­­dosis­­­­­­masing-masing­­­­­­47­­­­­­dan­­­­­­

cabang­­­­­­primer,­­­­­­panjang­­­­­­daun,­­­­­­dan­­­­­­lebar­­­­­­daun­­­­­­dilakukan­­­­­­pada­­­­­­ 56­­­­­­ kg­­­­­­ ha -1 ­­­­­­ per­­­­­­ musim­­­­­­ tanam,­­­­­­ penyiangan­­­­­­ terhadap­­­­­­ gulma­­­­­­

umur­­­­­­6­­­­­­MST­­­­­­sedangkan­­­­­­panen­­­­­­kenikir­­­­­­dilakukan­­­­­­umur­­­­­­6,­­­­­­8,­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ tumbuh­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ sekitar­­­­­­ tanaman,­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ pengendalian­­­­­­ hama­­­­­­

dan­­­­­­ 10­­­­­­ MST.­­­­­­ Umur­­­­­­ mulai­­­­­­ berbunga­­­­­­ dihitung­­­­­­ ketika­­­­­­ 50%­­­­­­ serta­­­­­­penyakit­­­­­­yang­­­­­­dilakukan­­­­­­secara­­­­­­mekanis.

tanaman­­­­­­telah­­­­­­berbunga.­­­­­­Data­­­­­­diolah­­­­­­dengan­­­­­­analisis­­­­­­varian­­­­­­ ­­­­­­Pengamatan­­­­­­kemiripan­­­­­­morfologi­­­­­­­­­­­­antar­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­kenikir­­­­­­

dan­­­­­­­­­­­­jika­­­­­­­­­­­­terdapat­­­­­­pengaruh­­­­­­yang­­­­­­nyata­­­­­­maka­­­­­­dilakukan­­­­­­uji­­­­­­ dilakukan­­­­­­ berdasarkan­­­­­­ tabel­­­­­­ karakteristik­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­

lanjut­­­­­­Duncan Multiple Range Test­­­­­­(DMRT)­­­­­­pada­­­­­­taraf­­­­­­5%. (UPOV,­­­­­­ 2013).­­­­­­ Karakter­­­­­­ kemiripan­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ diamati­­­­­­ secara­­­­­­ umum­­­­­­ yaitu­­­­­­ tipe­­­­­­ tanaman,­­­­­­ total­­­­­­ tinggi­­­­­­ tanaman,­­­­­­ jumlah­­­­­­

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

cabang­­­­­­primer,­­­­­­pewarnaan­­­­­­antosianin­­­­­­batang,­­­­­­jumlah­­­­­­mata­­­­­­ tunas,­­­­­­ panjang­­­­­­ daun,­­­­­­ intensitas­­­­­­ warna­­­­­­ hijau­­­­­­ daun,­­­­­­ jumlah­­­­­­

Kemiripan Antar Aksesi Kenikir

anak­­­­­­ daun,­­­­­­ lebar­­­­­­ daun­­­­­­ terminal,­­­­­­ posisi­­­­­­ kuntum­­­­­­ bunga,­­­­­­ jumlah­­­­­­ ray floret,­­­­­­ tipe­­­­­­ disk floret,­­­­­­ segmen­­­­­­ kerah,­­­­­­ diameter­­­­­­

Berdasarkan­­­­­­ hasil­­­­­­ karakterisasi,­­­­­­ 20­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­ kuntum­­­­­­ bunga,­­­­­­ diameter­­­­­­ disk floret,­­­­­­ diameter­­­­­­ relatif­­­­­­ disk

memiliki­­­­­­ kemiripan­­­­­­ beberapa­­­­­­ karakter­­­­­­ yaitu­­­­­­ jumlah­­­­­­ mata­­­­­­ floret­­­­­­sampai­­­­­­kuntum­­­­­­bunga,­­­­­­panjang­­­­­­kuntum­­­­­­bunga,­­­­­­tipe­­­­­­ray

tunas,­­­­­­ posisi­­­­­­ kuntum­­­­­­ bunga,­­­­­­ jumlah­­­­­­ anak­­­­­­ daun,­­­­­­ posisi­­­­­­ floret,­­­­­­sumbu­­­­­­mendatar­­­­­­ray floret,­­­­­­tingkat­­­­­­kelengkungan­­­­­­ray

mahkota­­­­­­bunga,­­­­­­jumlah­­­­­­ray floret, tipe­­­­­­disk floret, segmen­­­­­­ floret,­­­­­­bagian­­­­­­melengkung­­­­­­ray floret,­­­­­­panjang­­­­­­ray floret,­­­­­­lebar­­­­­­

kerah,­­­­­­sumbu­­­­­­mendatar­­­­­­ray floret,­­­­­­derajat­­­­­­kelengkungan­­­­­­ray ray floret,­­­­­­rasio­­­­­­panjang­­­­­­dan­­­­­­lebar­­­­­­ray floret,­­­­­­warna­­­­­­primer­­­­­­

floret,­­­­­­ bagian­­­­­­ melengkung­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ ray floret,­­­­­­ warna­­­­­­ primer­­­­­­ bagian­­­­­­dalam­­­­­­ray floret,­­­­­­warna­­­­­­sekunder­­­­­­bagian­­­­­­dalam­­­­­­ray

bagian­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­ ray floret,­­­­­­ warna­­­­­­ sekunder­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ bagian­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­ floret,­­­­­­distribusi­­­­­­warna­­­­­­sekunder­­­­­­di­­­­­­bagian­­­­­­dalam­­­­­­ray floret,­­­­­­

ray floret, pola­­­­­­warna­­­­­­sekunder­­­­­­di­­­­­­bagian­­­­­­dalam­­­­­­ray floret,­­­­­­ pola­­­­­­warna­­­­­­sekunder­­­­­­bagian­­­­­­dalam­­­­­­ray floret,­­­­­­warna­­­­­­tersier­­­­­­

warna­­­­­­ tersier­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ bagian­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­ ray floret,­­­­­­ distribusi­­­­­­ warna­­­­­­ dibagian­­­­­­dalam­­­­­­ray floret,­­­­­­distribusi­­­­­­warna­­­­­­tersier­­­­­­di­­­­­­bagian­­­­­­

tersier­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ bagian­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­ ray floret, pola warna­­­­­­ tersier­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­ ray floret,­­­­­­ pola­­­­­­ warna­­­­­­ tersier­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ bagian­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­ ray

bagian­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­ ray floret, warna­­­­­­ primer­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ bagian­­­­­­ luar­­­­­­ ray floret,­­­­­­warna­­­­­­utama­­­­­­bagian­­­­­­luar­­­­­­ray floret,­­­­­­gerigi­­­­­­ray floret,­­­­­­

floret,­­­­­­gerigi­­­­­­ray floret­­­­­­dan­­­­­­warna­­­­­­disk floret­­­­­­. dan­­­­­­ warna­­­­­­ disk floret.­­­­­­Analisis­­­­­­ gerombol­­­­­­ dilakukan­­­­­­ untuk­­­­­­

Karakter­­­­­­ utama­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ menunjukkan­­­­­­ ketidak- mengevaluasi­­­­­­ tingkat­­­­­­ kemiripan­­­­­­ antar­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ berdasarkan­­­­­­

miripan­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ antaranya­­­­­­ adalah­­­­­­ adanya­­­­­­ perbedaan­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ tipe­­­­­­ karakter­­­­­­yang­­­­­­diamati.­­­­­­Analisis­­­­­­ini­­­­­­menggunakan­­­­­­perangkat­­­­­­

pertumbuhan­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ pewarnaan­­­­­­ antosianin­­­­­­ batang.­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ Aksesi­­­­­­ lunak­­­­­­IBM­­­­­­SPSS­­­­­­Statistic­­­­­­20.

AK­­­­­­ 14­­­­­­ menunjukkan­­­­­­ tipe­­­­­­ pertumbuhan­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ menyebar­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ 19­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ lainnya­­­­­­ semi­­­­­­ tegak­­­­­­ (Gambar­­­­­­ 1).­­­­­­ Pewarnaan­­­­­­

Evaluasi Potensi Produksi 7 Aksesi Kenikir antosianin­­­­­­ batang­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ AK­­­­­­ 14­­­­­­ adalah­­­­­­ kuat,­­­­­­ sementara­­­­­­ 19­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ lainnya­­­­­­ sedang­­­­­­ (Gambar­­­­­­ 2).­­­­­­ Aksesi­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­

Bahan­­­­­­yang­­­­­­digunakan­­­­­­adalah­­­­­­benih­­­­­­kenikir­­­­­­7­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­ pewarnaan­­­­­­ antosianin­­­­­­ batang­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ sedang­­­­­­ berwarna­­­­­­­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­diambil­­­­­­dari­­­­­­20­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­yang­­­­­­dikumpulkan­­­­­­dari­­­­­­sembilan­­­­­­

kehijauan,­­­­­­sementara­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­dengan­­­­­­antosianin­­­­­­batang­­­­­­yang­­­­­­ kabupaten­­­­­­di­­­­­­Jawa­­­­­­Barat.­­­­­­Pemilihan­­­­­­7­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­ini­­­­­­berdasarkan­­­­­­

kuat­­­­­­berwarna­­­­­­keungu-unguan.­­­­­­Hal­­­­­­ini­­­­­­sejalan­­­­­­dengan­­­­­­yang­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ hasil­­­­­­ analisis­­­­­­ gerombol­­­­­­ yaitu­­­­­­ tiap-tiap­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­

pernah­­­­­­ dilaporkan­­­­­­ Bunawan­­­­­­ et al.­­­­­­ (2014)­­­­­­ bahwa­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­ dipakai­­­­­­merupakan­­­­­­sub­­­­­­gerombol­­­­­­utama­­­­­­dimana­­­­­­AK­­­­­­20,­­­­­­AK­­­­­­

kenikir­­­­­­memiliki­­­­­­batang­­­­­­yang­­­­­­berwarna­­­­­­hijau­­­­­­dan­­­­­­terkadang­­­­­­ 1,­­­­­­AK­­­­­­ 15,­­­­­­AK­­­­­­ 12­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­AK­­­­­­ 17­­­­­­ merupakan­­­­­­ sub­­­­­­ gerombol­­­­­­ I,­­­­­­

berwarna­­­­­­ungu.­­­­­­

AK­­­­­­16­­­­­­merupakan­­­­­­sub­­­­­­gerombol­­­­­­II,­­­­­­dan­­­­­­AK­­­­­­14­­­­­­merupakan­­­­­­ sub­­­­­­gerombol­­­­­­III.­­­­­­Penelitian­­­­­­dilakukan­­­­­­mulai­­­­­­dari­­­­­­bulan­­­­­­Mei­­­­­­ 2014­­­­­­sampai­­­­­­dengan­­­­­­Agustus­­­­­­2014­­­­­­di­­­­­­kebun­­­­­­percobaan­­­­­­IPB­­­­­­ di­­­­­­Tajur­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ memiliki­­­­­­ ketinggian­­­­­­ 250­­­­­­ m­­­­­­ dpl.­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ Percobaan­­­­­­

A­­­­­­ A­­­­­­ A­­­­­­

B­­­­­­ B­­­­­­ B­­­­­­

disusun­­­­­­ menggunakan­­­­­­ rancangan­­­­­­ kelompok­­­­­­ lengkap­­­­­­ teracak­­­­­­ (RKLT)­­­­­­ faktor­­­­­­ tunggal,­­­­­­ yaitu­­­­­­ 7­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ sebagai­­­­­­ perlakuan­­­­­­ (hasil­­­­­­ seleksi­­­­­­ percobaan­­­­­­ 1),­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­ 3­­­­­­ ulangan­­­­­­ sebagai­­­­­­kelompok,­­­­­­sehingga­­­­­­diperoleh­­­­­­21­­­­­­satuan­­­­­­percobaan.­­­­­­ Masing-masing­­­­­­ satuan­­­­­­ percobaan­­­­­­ terdiri­­­­­­ atas­­­­­­ 20­­­­­­ tanaman.­­­­­­ Pelaksanaan­­­­­­percobaan­­­­­­2­­­­­­sama­­­­­­dengan­­­­­­percobaan­­­­­­1.

Pemanenan­­­­­­kenikir­­­­­­dilakukan­­­­­­pada­­­­­­umur­­­­­­6­­­­­­MST,­­­­­­dan­­­­­­ selanjutnya­­­­­­ dilakukan­­­­­­ secara­­­­­­ berkala­­­­­­ yaitu­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ 8­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ 10­­­­­­ MST.­­­­­­ Panen­­­­­­ dilakukan­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­ pemotongan­­­­­­ tunas­­­­­­ muda­­­­­­ 15­­­­­­cm.­­­­­­Pemetikan­­­­­­akan­­­­­­merangsang­­­­­­pertumbuhan­­­­­­cabang- cabang­­­­­­baru­­­­­­yang­­­­­­memungkinkan­­­­­­lebih­­­­­­banyak­­­­­­tunas­­­­­­baru­­­­­­ tumbuh.­­­­­­

Gambar­­­­­­1.­­­­­­Tipe­­­­­­pertumbuhan,­­­­­­A­­­­­­(menyebar)­­­­­­dan­­­­­­B­­­­­­(semi­­­­­­tegak)

57

­­­­­­Kemiripan­­­­­­dan­­­­­­Evaluasi­­­­­­Produksi......

J. Agron. Indonesia 44 (1) : 55 - 61 (2016)

A­­­­­­ Ciri­­­­­­ utama­­­­­­ gerombol­­­­­­ I­­­­­­ adalah­­­­­­ memiliki­­­­­­ tipe­­­­­­ B­­­­­­

pertumbuhan­­­­­­ semi­­­­­­ tegak,­­­­­­ jumlah­­­­­­ cabang­­­­­­ primer­­­­­­ sedang,­­­­­­ daun­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ lebar,­­­­­­ daun­­­­­­ terminal­­­­­­ sempit,­­­­­­ diameter­­­­­­ kuntum­­­­­­

bunga­­­­­­besar,­­­­­­diameter­­­­­­disk floret­­­­­­besar­­­­­­dan­­­­­­warna­­­­­­sekunder­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­terdistribusi­­­­­­seperempat­­­­­­bagian.­­­­­­Ciri­­­­­­utama­­­­­­gerombol­­­­­­ II­­­­­­adalah­­­­­­memiliki­­­­­­tipe­­­­­­ray floret­­­­­­ligulate, warna­­­­­­sekunder­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ ray floret­­­­­­ terdistribusi­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ daerah­­­­­­ bawah.­­­­­­ Ciri­­­­­­ utama­­­­­­ gerombol­­­­­­III­­­­­­adalah­­­­­­memiliki­­­­­­tipe­­­­­­pertumbuhan­­­­­­menyebar,­­­­­­ pewarnaan­­­­­­ antosianin­­­­­­ batang­­­­­­ kuat­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ memiliki­­­­­­ diameter­­­­­­ disk floret­­­­­­sangat­­­­­­kecil.­­­­­­

Perbedaan­­­­­­gerombol­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­tersebut­­­­­­dapat­­­­­­digunakan­­­­­­ untuk­­­­­­mengetahui­­­­­­kemiripan­­­­­­antar­­­­­­aksesi.­­­­­­Aksesi-aksesi­­­­­­yang­­­­­­ berada­­­­­­pada­­­­­­gerombol­­­­­­yang­­­­­­sama­­­­­­memiliki­­­­­­kemiripan­­­­­­yang­­­­­­ tinggi.­­­­­­Perbedaan­­­­­­gerombol­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­berdasarkan­­­­­­dendrogram­­­­­­

Gambar­­­­­­2.­­­­­­Pewarnaan­­­­­­antosianin­­­­­­batang,­­­­­­A­­­­­­(sedang)­­­­­­dan­­­­­­B­­­­­­(kuat)

tidak­­­­­­mencerminkan­­­­­­asal­­­­­­daerah­­­­­­dari­­­­­­mana­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­diperoleh.­­­­­­ Hal­­­­­­ ini­­­­­­ menunjukkan­­­­­­ bahwa­­­­­­ aksesi-aksesi­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ berada­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­ satu­­­­­­ gerombol­­­­­­ terlepas­­­­­­ dari­­­­­­ pengaruh­­­­­­ daerah­­­­­­ atau­­­­­­

Karakter­­­­­­ utama­­­­­­ lainnya­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ menunjukkan­­­­­­ ketidak-

ekologi­­­­­­dari­­­­­­mana­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­tersebut­­­­­­berasal.­­­­­­Tanaman­­­­­­kenikir­­­­­­

miripan­­­­­­ adalah­­­­­­ adanya­­­­­­ perbedaan­­­­­­ karakter­­­­­­ tipe­­­­­­ ray floret

mempunyai­­­­­­sifat­­­­­­adaptasi­­­­­­yang­­­­­­tinggi­­­­­­terhadap­­­­­­lingkungan­­­­­­

dan­­­­­­ distribusi­­­­­­ warna­­­­­­ sekunder­­­­­­ di­­­­­­ bagian­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­ ray floret­­­­­­

sehingga­­­­­­ penyebarannya­­­­­­ lebih­­­­­­ mudah­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ memungkinkan­­­­­­

dimana­­­­­­sebagian­­­­­­besar­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­kenikir­­­­­­yang­­­­­­diamati­­­­­­hampir­­­­­­

jika­­­­­­dalam­­­­­­satu­­­­­­kabupaten­­­­­­memiliki­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­yang­­­­­­mempunyai­­­­­­

keseluruhan­­­­­­bertipe­­­­­­­­­­­­ray floret tubular­­­­­­kecuali­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­AK­­­­­­16­­­­­­

keunikan­­­­­­karakter­­­­­­masing-masing.­­­­­­

yang­­­­­­memiliki­­­­­­tipe­­­­­­ray floret­­­­­­ligulate (Gambar­­­­­­3).­­­­­­Distribusi­­­­­­

Selanjutnya­­­­­­pengelompokan­­­­­­berdasarkan­­­­­­35­­­­­­karakter­­­­­­

warna­­­­­­ sekunder­­­­­­ dibagian­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­ ray floret­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ diamati­­­­­­

kualitatif­­­­­­ terhadap­­­­­­ dua­­­­­­ puluh­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­ asal­­­­­­ Jawa­­­­­­

seluruhnya­­­­­­ hampir­­­­­­ sama­­­­­­ yaitu­­­­­­ seperempat­­­­­­ kecuali­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ Barat­­­­­­ terjadi­­­­­­ secara­­­­­­ acak­­­­­­ tanpa­­­­­­ melihat­­­­­­ asal­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ dari­­­­­­

AK­­­­­­ 16­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ memiliki­­­­­­ distribusi­­­­­­ warna­­­­­­ sekunder­­­­­­ daerah­­­­­­

kedua­­­­­­puluh­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­­­­­­­kenikir­­­­­­tersebut.­­­­­­Aksesi­­­­­­Ciaruteun­­­­­­dan­­­­­­

bawah­­­­­­(Gambar­­­­­­4).­­­­­­

aksesi­­­­­­ Dramaga­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ merupakan­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ sama-sama­­­­­­

Hasil­­­­­­ analisis­­­­­­ gerombol­­­­­­ berupa­­­­­­ pengelompokan­­­­­­ 20­­­­­­

berasal­­­­­­ dari­­­­­­ Kabupaten­­­­­­ Bogor­­­­­­ terdapat­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­ gerombol­­­­­­

aksesi­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­ berdasarkan­­­­­­ pemotongan­­­­­­ dendrogram­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­

yang­­­­­­berbeda­­­­­­walaupun­­­­­­aksesi-aksesi­­­­­­tersebut­­­­­­berasal­­­­­­dari­­­­­­

koefisien­­­­­­ ketidak-miripan­­­­­­ 15­­­­­­ menghasilkan­­­­­­ 3­­­­­­ gerombol­­­­­­

ekosistem­­­­­­yang­­­­­­sama.­­­­­­Perbedaan­­­­­­gerombol­­­­­­pada­­­­­­asal­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­

yaitu­­­­­­gerombol­­­­­­I­­­­­­terdiri­­­­­­atas­­­­­­18­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­(Pendeuy,­­­­­­Saribakti,­­­­­­

biji.­­­­­­Perbanyakan­­­­­­melalui­­­­­­biji­­­­­­biasanya­­­­­­menghasilkan­­­­­­biji- Sudajaya­­­­­­ girang,­­­­­­ Karang­­­­­­ tengah,­­­­­­ Argalingga,­­­­­­ Warnasari,­­­­­­ biji­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ generasi­­­­­­ berikutnya­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ memiliki­­­­­­ keragaman­­­­­­

yang­­­­­­sama­­­­­­diduga­­­­­­dari­­­­­­sistem­­­­­­perbanyakannya­­­­­­yaitu­­­­­­melalui­­­­­­

Karang­­­­­­ agung,­­­­­­ Sindangbarang,­­­­­­ Langensari,­­­­­­ Perbawati,­­­­­­

Sukaresmi,­­­­­­Ciwidey,­­­­­­Jalan­­­­­­cagak,­­­­­­Lebaksiuh,­­­­­­Tugu­­­­­­selatan,­­­­­­

fenotip­­­­­­yang­­­­­­cukup­­­­­­besar.

Ciwarak,­­­­­­Linggarjati­­­­­­dan­­­­­­Babakan),­­­­­­gerombol­­­­­­II­­­­­­terdiri­­­­­­atas­­­­­­ 1­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­(Ciaruteun)­­­­­­dan­­­­­­gerombol­­­­­­III­­­­­­terdiri­­­­­­atas­­­­­­1­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­

Evaluasi Produksi 7 Aksesi Kenikir

(Dramaga)­­­­­­ (Gambar­­­­­­ 5).­­­­­­ Pengelompokan­­­­­­ ini­­­­­­ diharapkan­­­­­­ dapat­­­­­­dijadikan­­­­­­dasar­­­­­­pertimbangan­­­­­­untuk­­­­­­penelitian­­­­­­kenikir­­­­­­­­­­­­

Tinggi­­­­­­ tanaman,­­­­­­ diameter­­­­­­ batang­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ jumlah­­­­­­ cabang­­­­­­

selanjutnya­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­ rangka­­­­­­ pemilihan­­­­­­ tetua­­­­­­ dalam­­­­­­ program­­­­­­

primer­­­­­­ secara­­­­­­ umum­­­­­­ berbeda­­­­­­ antar­­­­­­ oleh­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ (Tabel­­­­­­ 2).­­­­­­

pemuliaan­­­­­­ tanaman.­­­­­­ Karakterisasi­­­­­­ plasma­­­­­­ nutfah­­­­­­ dapat­­­­­­

Tinggi­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­ dari­­­­­­ 7­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­ bervariasi,­­­­­­ demikian­­­­­­

membantu­­­­­­dalam­­­­­­mengidentifikasi­­­­­­keunikan­­­­­­suatu­­­­­­genotipe­­­­­­

pula­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­ diameter­­­­­­ batang­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ jumlah­­­­­­ cabang­­­­­­ primer.­­­­­­

atau­­­­­­keragaman­­­­­­genetik­­­­­­­­­­­­untuk­­­­­­perbaikan­­­­­­tanaman­­­­­­(Ram­­­­­­et

Aksesi­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ Dramaga­­­­­­ (AK­­­­­­ 14)­­­­­­ menunjukkan­­­­­­ tinggi­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­

al.,­­­­­­2008).

tertinggi­­­­­­ yaitu­­­­­­ 33.12­­­­­­ cm­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ berbeda­­­­­­ dari­­­­­­ aksesi-aksesi­­­­­­

­­­­­­ A­­­­­­

B­­­­­­

A­­­­­­

B­­­­­­

Gambar­­­­­­3.­­­­­­Tipe­­­­­­ray floret,­­­­­­A­­­­­­(ligulate)­­­­­­dan­­­­­­B­­­­­­(tubular)

Gambar­­­­­­4.­­­­­­Distribusi­­­­­­warna­­­­­­sekunder­­­­­­di­­­­­­bagian­­­­­­dalam­­­­­­ray floret,­­­­­­A­­­­­­ (seperempat)­­­­­­dan­­­­­­B­­­­­­(bagian­­­­­­bawah)

Venti­­­­­­Jatsiyah,­­­­­­Anas­­­­­­Dinurrohman­­­­­­Susila,­­­­­­dan­­­­­­Muhamad­­­­­­Syukur

J. Agron. Indonesia 44 (1) : 55 - 61 (2016)

Koefisien­­­­­­ketidakmiripan

Aksesi

Gambar­­­­­­5.­­­­­­Dendrogram­­­­­­20­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­kenikir

lainnya.­­­­­­ Menurut­­­­­­ Law-Ogbomo­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ Ajayi (2009)­­­­­­ tinggi­­­­­­ Hasil­­­­­­ analisis­­­­­­ menunjukkan­­­­­­ bahwa­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ berbeda­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­ merupakan­­­­­­ karakter­­­­­­ pertumbuhan­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ paling­­­­­­

nyata­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ jumlah­­­­­­ daun­­­­­­ (Tabel­­­­­­ 2).­­­­­­ Karakter­­­­­­ jumlah­­­­­­ daun­­­­­­ penting­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ sayuran­­­­­­ bayam,­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ berhubungan­­­­­­ langsung­­­­­­

yang­­­­­­ tertinggi­­­­­­ ditunjukkan­­­­­­ oleh­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ AK­­­­­­ 14.­­­­­­ Menurut­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­potensi­­­­­­hasil­­­­­­tanaman.­­­­­­Hal­­­­­­senada­­­­­­juga­­­­­­diungkapkan­­­­­­

Muthaura­­­­­­ et al.­­­­­­ (2010)­­­­­­ bahwa­­­­­­ peningkatan­­­­­­ jumlah­­­­­­ daun­­­­­­ oleh­­­­­­Herawati­­­­­­et al.­­­­­­(2009)­­­­­­bahwa­­­­­­tinggi­­­­­­tanaman­­­­­­merupakan­­­­­­

dapat­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ meningkatkan­­­­­­ rata-rata­­­­­­ fotosintesis­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­ karakter­­­­­­ agronomi­­­­­­ penting­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ dapat­­­­­­ dijadikan­­­­­­ identitas­­­­­­

bayam­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ akhirnya­­­­­­ meningkatkan­­­­­­ pertumbuhan.­­­­­­ penting­­­­­­suatu­­­­­­genotipe.

Aktivitas­­­­­­ fotosintesis­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ meningkat­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ akhirnya­­­­­­ juga­­­­­­ Diameter­­­­­­ batang­­­­­­ terbesar­­­­­­ ditunjukkan­­­­­­ oleh­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­

meningkatkan­­­­­­akumulasi­­­­­­biomassa.­­­­­­ Ciaruten­­­­­­(AK­­­­­­16).­­­­­­Diameter­­­­­­batang­­­­­­terkecil­­­­­­ditunjukkan­­­­­­oleh­­­­­­

Aksesi­­­­­­ berbeda­­­­­­ sangat­­­­­­ nyata­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ panjang­­­­­­ daun.­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­­­­­­­Linggarjati­­­­­­(AK­­­­­­12).­­­­­­Menurut­­­­­­Habib­­­­­­et al.­­­­­­(2006),­­­­­­

Panjang­­­­­­ daun­­­­­­ bervariasi;­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ memiliki­­­­­­ daun­­­­­­ semakin­­­­­­ besar­­­­­­ diameter­­­­­­ batang­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­ bunga­­­­­­ matahari­­­­­­

terpanjang­­­­­­ adalah­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ Ciaruteun­­­­­­ (AK­­­­­­ 16).­­­­­­ Aksesi­­­­­­ berpotensi­­­­­­ menghasilkan­­­­­­ produksi­­­­­­ biji­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ banyak­­­­­­ pula.­­­­­­

Linggarjati­­­­­­(AK­­­­­­12)­­­­­­mempunyai­­­­­­daun­­­­­­terpendek­­­­­­yaitu­­­­­­18.74­­­­­­ Karakter­­­­­­ pengamatan­­­­­­ jumlah­­­­­­ cabang­­­­­­ primer­­­­­­ terbanyak­­­­­­

cm.­­­­­­ Karakter­­­­­­ lebar­­­­­­ daun­­­­­­ terbesar­­­­­­ ditunjukkan­­­­­­ oleh­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­­­­­­­ ditunjukkan­­­­­­oleh­­­­­­­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­Dramaga­­­­­­(AK­­­­­­14).

Ciaruteun­­­­­­(AK­­­­­­16)­­­­­­yang­­­­­­berdasarkan­­­­­­uji­­­­­­lanjut­­­­­­DMRT­­­­­­tidak­­­­­­

Tabel­­­­­­2.­­­­­­Tinggi­­­­­­tanaman,­­­­­­diameter­­­­­­batang,­­­­­­jumlah­­­­­­daun,­­­­­­jumlah­­­­­­cabang,­­­­­­panjang­­­­­­daun,­­­­­­lebar­­­­­­daun­­­­­­dan­­­­­­umur­­­­­­mulai­­­­­­berbunga­­­­­­ 7­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­kenikir

Karakter­­­­­­produksi

Aksesi Tinggi­­­­­­tanaman Diameter­­­­­­batang

Panjang­­­­­­daun Lebar­­­­­­daun­­­­­­ Umur­­­­­­berbunga (cm)

Jumlah­­­­­­

Jumlah­­­­­­

(cm) (HST) AK­­­­­­1

18.23ab 48a AK­­­­­­12

14.52c 48a AK­­­­­­14

16.29bc 38b AK­­­­­­15

17.24ab 48a AK­­­­­­16

19.32a 48a AK­­­­­­17

19.18a 48a AK­­­­­­20

16.25bc 48a Keterangan:­­­­­­­­­­­­Angka­­­­­­yang­­­­­­diikuti­­­­­­huruf­­­­­­yang­­­­­­sama­­­­­­pada­­­­­­kolom­­­­­­yang­­­­­­sama­­­­­­menunjukkan­­­­­­tidak­­­­­­berbeda­­­­­­nyata­­­­­­pada­­­­­­uji­­­­­­DMRT­­­­­­5%;­­­­­­*­­­­­­=­­­­­­nyata­­­­­­

pada­­­­­­taraf­­­­­­5%;­­­­­­**­­­­­­=­­­­­­berbeda­­­­­­sangat­­­­­­nyata­­­­­­pada­­­­­­taraf­­­­­­1%,­­­­­­AK­­­­­­1­­­­­­=­­­­­­Jalan­­­­­­Cagak,­­­­­­AK­­­­­­12­­­­­­=­­­­­­Linggarjati,­­­­­­AK­­­­­­14­­­­­­=­­­­­­Dramaga;­­­­­­AK­­­­­­ 15­­­­­­=­­­­­­Tugu­­­­­­Selatan;­­­­­­AK­­­­­­16­­­­­­=­­­­­­Ciaruten;­­­­­­AK­­­­­­17­­­­­­=­­­­­­Babakan;­­­­­­AK­­­­­­20­­­­­­=­­­­­­Ciwidey

­­­­­­Kemiripan­­­­­­dan­­­­­­Evaluasi­­­­­­Produksi......

J. Agron. Indonesia 44 (1) : 55 - 61 (2016)

berbeda­­­­­­ nyata­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ Babakan­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ (AK­­­­­­ 17).­­­­­­ Aksesi­­­­­­­­­­­­ sehingga­­­­­­berpengaruh­­­­­­kepada­­­­­­hasil­­­­­­panen­­­­­­per­­­­­­bedeng.­­­­­­Hal­­­­­­ Linggarjati­­­­­­ (AK­­­­­­ 12)­­­­­­ mempunyai­­­­­­ daun­­­­­­ tersempit­­­­­­ diantara­­­­­­

ini­­­­­­berbeda­­­­­­dengan­­­­­­periode­­­­­­panen­­­­­­berikutnya­­­­­­dimana­­­­­­hasil­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­yang­­­­­­diamati­­­­­­yaitu­­­­­­14.52­­­­­­cm.­­­­­­Daun­­­­­­yang­­­­­­panjang­­­­­­serta­­­­­­

panen­­­­­­ cenderung­­­­­­ meningkat­­­­­­ seiring­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­ pemotongan­­­­­­ lebar­­­­­­ mengindikasikan­­­­­­ pertumbuhan­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ baik.­­­­­­ Menurut­­­­­­

tunas­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ panen­­­­­­ pertama­­­­­­ merangsang­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­ untuk­­­­­­ Adeoti­­­­­­et al.­­­­­­(2012),­­­­­­panjang­­­­­­dan­­­­­­lebar­­­­­­daun­­­­­­pada­­­­­­tanaman­­­­­­

memproduksi­­­­­­ tunas-tunas­­­­­­ baru­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ akhirnya­­­­­­ juga­­­­­­ wijen­­­­­­berkorelasi­­­­­­positif­­­­­­terhadap­­­­­­total­­­­­­biomassa­­­­­­tanaman.

berpengaruh­­­­­­terhadap­­­­­­bobot­­­­­­panen­­­­­­per­­­­­­bedeng.­­­­­­ Umur­­­­­­ mulai­­­­­­ berbunga­­­­­­ dihitung­­­­­­ ketika­­­­­­ 50%­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­

Ada­­­­­­perbedaan­­­­­­yang­­­­­­nyata­­­­­­antar­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­terhadap­­­­­­hasil­­­­­­ telah­­­­­­berbunga.­­­­­­Hasil­­­­­­analisis­­­­­­menunjukkan­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­berbeda­­­­­­

pada­­­­­­ panen­­­­­­ I,­­­­­­ panen­­­­­­ II,­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ panen­­­­­­ III.­­­­­­ Panen­­­­­­ I­­­­­­ terbanyak­­­­­­ sangat­­­­­­ nyata­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ umur­­­­­­ mulai­­­­­­ berbunga.­­­­­­ Umur­­­­­­ mulai­­­­­­

yaitu­­­­­­AK­­­­­­17­­­­­­(195.67­­­­­­g)­­­­­­sedangkan­­­­­­untuk­­­­­­­­­­­­panen­­­­­­yang­­­­­­paling­­­­­­ berbunga­­­­­­ berkisar­­­­­­ antara­­­­­­ 38-48­­­­­­ hari­­­­­­ setelah­­­­­­ tanam­­­­­­ (HST)­­­­­­

sedikit­­­­­­yaitu­­­­­­AK­­­­­­2­­­­­­(99­­­­­­g).­­­­­­Panen­­­­­­II­­­­­­terbanyak­­­­­­yaitu­­­­­­AK­­­­­­14­­­­­­ (Tabel­­­­­­2).­­­­­­

(779.67­­­­­­g)­­­­­­dan­­­­­­yang­­­­­­sedikit­­­­­­yaitu­­­­­­AK­­­­­­16­­­­­­(477­­­­­­g).­­­­­­Pemanenan­­­­­­ Tanaman­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­ dikonsumsi­­­­­­ bagian­­­­­­ pucuk­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­

kenikir­­­­­­yang­­­­­­ke­­­­­­III­­­­­­terbanyak­­­­­­ditunjukkan­­­­­­oleh­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­AK­­­­­­14­­­­­­ atau­­­­­­ daun­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ masih­­­­­­ muda­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ segar.­­­­­­ Tanaman­­­­­­

(1,006.7­­­­­­g)­­­­­­dan­­­­­­paling­­­­­­sedikit­­­­­­ditunjukkan­­­­­­oleh­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­AK­­­­­­1­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­dipanen­­­­­­dengan­­­­­­memotong­­­­­­pucuk­­­­­­tanaman­­­­­­sepanjang­­­­­­

(515.3­­­­­­ g).­­­­­­Total­­­­­­ panen­­­­­­ juga­­­­­­ dipengaruhi­­­­­­ oleh­­­­­­ aksesi.­­­­­­Total­­­­­­ 15­­­­­­ cm.­­­­­­ Panen­­­­­­ daun­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­ dilkukan­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ umur­­­­­­ 6,­­­­­­ 8­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­

panen­­­­­­terbanyak­­­­­­ditunjukkan­­­­­­oleh­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­AK­­­­­­14­­­­­­(1,962.0­­­­­­g)­­­­­­ 10­­­­­­ MST.­­­­­­ Hasil­­­­­­ panen­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­ selama­­­­­­ satu­­­­­­ periode­­­­­­ musim­­­­­­

dan­­­­­­total­­­­­­panen­­­­­­paling­­­­­­sedikit­­­­­­ditunjukkan­­­­­­oleh­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­AK­­­­­­ tanam­­­­­­ (tiga­­­­­­ kali­­­­­­ panen)­­­­­­ berkisar­­­­­­ antara­­­­­­ 1,160.0-1,962.0­­­­­­ g­­­­­­

12­­­­­­(1,160.0­­­­­­g).­­­­­­

per­­­­­­bedeng­­­­­­(20­­­­­­tanaman)­­­­­­tergantung­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­tanaman­­­­­­(Tabel­­­­­­ Sayuran­­­­­­ daun­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ diinginkan­­­­­­ oleh­­­­­­ para­­­­­­ konsumen­­­­­­ 3).­­­­­­Secara­­­­­­umum­­­­­­terlihat­­­­­­hasil­­­­­­panen­­­­­­yang­­­­­­cenderung­­­­­­rendah­­­­­­

dan­­­­­­ produsen­­­­­­ menurut­­­­­­ Mih­­­­­­ et al.­­­­­­ (2008)­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ yaitu­­­­­­ memiliki­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ panen­­­­­­ pertama­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ meningkat­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ periode­­­­­­ panen­­­­­­

produksi­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ tinggi­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­ total­­­­­­ biomassa­­­­­­ tinggi­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ berikutnya.­­­­­­ Hasil­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­ periode­­­­­­ panen­­­­­­ ketiga­­­­­­ mengalami­­­­­­

lambat­­­­­­ berbunga.­­­­­­ Secara­­­­­­ umum­­­­­­ karakter­­­­­­ tanaman­­­­­­ kenikir­­­­­­­­­­­­ peningkatan­­­­­­ meskipun­­­­­­ tidak­­­­­­ terlalu­­­­­­ besar.­­­­­­ Kecilnya­­­­­­ hasil­­­­­­

yang­­­­­­ diinginkan­­­­­­ adalah­­­­­­ mempunyai­­­­­­ karakter­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ tinggi,­­­­­­ pada­­­­­­panen­­­­­­pertama­­­­­­disebabkan­­­­­­karena­­­­­­pada­­­­­­panen­­­­­­pertama­­­­­­

jumlah­­­­­­ daun­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ banyak,­­­­­­ daun­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ lebar­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ panjang,­­­­­­ jumlah­­­­­­ pucuk­­­­­­ yang­­­­­­ siap­­­­­­ dipanen­­­­­­ masih­­­­­­ terlalu­­­­­­ sedikit­­­­­­

lambat­­­­­­berbunga­­­­­­dan­­­­­­mempunyai­­­­­­hasil­­­­­­yang­­­­­­tinggi.­­­­­­

Tabel­­­­­­3.­­­­­­Hasil­­­­­­panen­­­­­­per­­­­­­bedeng­­­­­­beberapa­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­kenikir

Periode­­­­­­panen

Aksesi Total­­­­­­panen­­­­­­­­­­­­(g)

Panen­­­­­­I­­­­­­(g)

Panen­­­­­­II­­­­­­(g)

Panen­­­­­­III­­­­­­(g)

Jalan­­­­­­Cagak­­­­­­(AK­­­­­­1)

1,327.7b Linggarjati­­­­­­(AK­­­­­­12)

1,160.0b­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ Dramaga­­­­­­(AK­­­­­­14)

1,962.0a­­­­­­­­­­­­ Tugu­­­­­­Selatan­­­­­­(AK­­­­­­15)

1,484.3b­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ Ciaruteun­­­­­­(AK­­­­­­16)

­­­­­­­­­­­­1,567.3ab­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ Babakan­­­­­­(AK­­­­­­17)

1,448.3b­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ Ciwidey­­­­­­(AK­­­­­­20)

­­­­­­­­­­­­1,545.3ab­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ Keterangan:­­­­­­­­­­­­Angka-angka­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­yang­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­diikuti­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­dengan­­­­­­­­­­­­huruf­­­­­­­­­­­­yang­­­­­­­­­­­­sama­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­pada­­­­­­­­­­­­satu­­­­­­­­­­­­kolom­­­­­­­­­­­­tidak­­­­­­­­­­­­berbeda­­­­­­­­­­­­nyata­­­­­­­­­­­­pada­­­­­­­­­­­­DMRT­­­­­­­­­­­­taraf­­­­­­­­­­­­5%;­­­­­­

**­­­­­­=­­­­­­berpengaruh­­­­­­sangat­­­­­­nyata­­­­­­pada­­­­­­taraf­­­­­­1%;­­­­­­*­­­­­­=­­­­­­berpengaruh­­­­­­nyata­­­­­­pada­­­­­­taraf­­­­­­1%

KESIMPULAN UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH

Hasil­­­­­­analisis­­­­­­gerombol­­­­­­tanaman­­­­­­dari­­­­­­peubah­­­­­­kualitatif­­­­­­­­­­­­ Terima­­­­­­kasih­­­­­­disampaikan­­­­­­kepada­­­­­­Kemenristek­­­­­­yang­­­­­­ menunjukkan­­­­­­bahwa­­­­­­20­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­kenikir­­­­­­dapat­­­­­­dikelompokkan­­­­­­

telah­­­­­­ mendanai­­­­­­ penelitian­­­­­­ ini­­­­­­ melalui­­­­­­ Hibah­­­­­­ Insentif­­­­­­ Riset­­­­­­ menjadi­­­­­­ 3­­­­­­ gerombol.­­­­­­ Gerombol­­­­­­ I­­­­­­ yaitu­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ Pendeuy,­­­­­­

Sinas­­­­­­ Tahun­­­­­­ 2014­­­­­­ No­­­­­­ Kontrak­­­­­­ 25/SEK/INSINAS/PPK/ Saribakti,­­­­­­ Karang­­­­­­ agung,­­­­­­ Sindangbarang,­­­­­­ Langensari,­­­­­­

I/2014.­­­­­­Pusat­­­­­­Kajian­­­­­­Hortikultura­­­­­­Tropika­­­­­­(PKHT). Perbawati,­­­­­­ Sudajaya­­­­­­ girang,­­­­­­ Karang­­­­­­ tengah,­­­­­­ Argalingga,­­­­­­ Warnasari,­­­­­­ Sukaresmi,­­­­­­ Ciwidey,­­­­­­ Jalan­­­­­­ cagak,­­­­­­ Lebaksiuh,­­­­­­

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Tugu­­­­­­selatan,­­­­­­Ciwarak,­­­­­­Linggarjati­­­­­­dan­­­­­­Babakan,­­­­­­gerombol­­­­­­ II­­­­­­terdiri­­­­­­atas­­­­­­1­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­(Ciaruteun)­­­­­­dan­­­­­­gerombol­­­­­­III­­­­­­terdiri­­­­­­

Adeoti,­­­­­­K.,­­­­­­A.­­­­­­Dansi,­­­­­­L.­­­­­­Ahoton,­­­­­­R.­­­­­­Vodouhe,­­­­­­B.­­­­­­Ahohuendo,­­­­­­ atas­­­­­­ 1­­­­­­ aksesi­­­­­­ (Dramaga).­­­­­­ Aksesi­­­­­­ Dramaga­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ Ciaruteun­­­­­­

A.­­­­­­ Rival,­­­­­­ A.­­­­­­ Sanni.­­­­­­ 2012.­­­­­­ Agromorphological­­­­­­ potensial­­­­­­untuk­­­­­­dikembangkan­­­­­­karena­­­­­­memiliki­­­­­­hasil­­­­­­panen­­­­­­

characterization­­­­­­ of­­­­­­ Sesamum radiatum,­­­­­­ a­­­­­­ neglected­­­­­­ tertinggi­­­­­­dibandingkan­­­­­­dengan­­­­­­aksesi­­­­­­lainnya.

and­­­­­­ underutilized­­­­­­ species­­­­­­ of­­­­­­ traditional­­­­­­ leafy­­­­­­ vegetable­­­­­­of­­­­­­great­­­­­­importance­­­­­­in­­­­­­Benin.­­­­­­­­­­­­Afr.­­­­­­J.­­­­­­Agric.­­­­­­ 7:3569-3578.

Venti­­­­­­Jatsiyah,­­­­­­Anas­­­­­­Dinurrohman­­­­­­Susila,­­­­­­dan­­­­­­Muhamad­­­­­­Syukur

J. Agron. Indonesia 44 (1) : 55 - 61 (2016)

Amado,­­­­­­ G.V.,­­­­­­ A.C.­­­­­­ Castro,­­­­­­ M.­­­­­­ Harker,­­­­­­ J.L.­­­­­­ Villasenor,­­­­­­ Melchert,­­­­­­ T.E.­­­­­­ 2010.­­­­­­ Chromosome­­­­­­ counts­­­­­­ of­­­­­­ Bidens,­­­­­­ E.­­­­­­ Rodrigues,­­­­­­ Y.­­­­­­ Rodriguez.­­­­­­ 2013.­­­­­­ Geographic­­­­­­

Cosmos,­­­­­­ and­­­­­­ Thelesperma­­­­­­ species­­­­­­ (Asteraceae,­­­­­­ distribution­­­­­­ and­­­­­­ richness­­­­­­ of­­­­­­ the­­­­­­ genus­­­­­­ Cosmos­­­­­­

Coreopsidinae).­­­­­­Phytologia­­­­­­92:312-333. (Asteraceae :­­­­­­ Coreopsideae).­­­­­­ Rev.­­­­­­ Mex.­­­­­­ Biodivers.­­­­­­ 84:536-555.

Mih,­­­­­­M.A.,­­­­­­K.R.­­­­­­Tonjock,­­­­­­L.M.­­­­­­Ndam.­­­­­­2008.­­­­­­Morphological­­­­­­ characterization­­­­­­ four­­­­­­ selections­­­­­­ of­­­­­­ Vernonia Bunawan,­­­­­­H.,­­­­­­B.­­­­­­Nataqain,­­­­­­S.N.­­­­­­Bunawan,­­­­­­N.M.­­­­­­Amin,­­­­­­N.M.­­­­­­

hymenolepsis A.­­­­­­Rich.­­­­­­(Asteraceae).­­­­­­World­­­­­­J.­­­­­­Agric.­­­­­­ Noor.­­­­­­2014.­­­­­­Cosmos caudatus­­­­­­Kunth.­­­­­­:­­­­­­a­­­­­­traditional­­­­­­

Sci.­­­­­­9:501-507.

medicinal­­­­­­herb.­­­­­­Global.­­­­­­J.­­­­­­Pharmacol.­­­­­­8:420-426.­­­­­­ Muthaura,­­­­­­C.,­­­­­­D.M.­­­­­­Musyimi,­­­­­­J.A.­­­­­­Ogur,­­­­­­S.V.­­­­­­Okello.­­­­­­2010.­­­­­­ Diouf,­­­­­­ M.,­­­­­­ L.­­­­­­ Cheikh,­­­­­­ M.­­­­­­ Gueye,­­­­­­ N.B.­­­­­­ Mbengue.­­­­­­ 2007.­­­­­­

Effective­­­­­­ microorganism­­­­­­ and­­­­­­ their­­­­­­ influence­­­­­­ on­­­­­­ Selection­­­­­­ participative­­­­­­ de­­­­­­ nouveaux­­­­­­ cultivars­­­­­­ de­­­­­­

growth­­­­­­and­­­­­­yield­­­­­­of­­­­­­pigweed­­­­­­(Amaranthus dubians).­­­­­­ quatre­­­­­­ 4­­­­­­ especes­­­­­­ de­­­­­­ legumes-feuilles­­­­­­ (Hibiscus

ARPN.­­­­­­J.­­­­­­Agric.­­­­­­Biol.­­­­­­Sci.­­­­­­5:16-22. sabdariffa L.,­­­­­­Amaranthus L.­­­­­­spp,­­­­­­Vigna unguiculata (L.),­­­­­­Moringa oleifera Lam)­­­­­­au­­­­­­Senegal.­­­­­­Afr.­­­­­­J.­­­­­­Food.­­­­­­

Putrasamedja,­­­­­­ S.­­­­­­ 2005.­­­­­­ Eksplorasi­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ koleksi­­­­­­ sayuran­­­­­­ Agric.­­­­­­Nutr.­­­­­­Dev.­­­­­­7:1-17.

indigenous­­­­­­di­­­­­­Kabupaten­­­­­­Karawang,­­­­­­Purwakarta,­­­­­­dan­­­­­­ Subang.­­­­­­Buletin­­­­­­Plasma­­­­­­Nutfah­­­­­­11:16-20.

Habib,­­­­­­ H.,­­­­­­ S.S.­­­­­­ Mehdi,­­­­­­ A.­­­­­­ Rashid,­­­­­­ M.A.­­­­­­ Anjum.­­­­­­ 2006.­­­­­­ Genetic­­­­­­association­­­­­­and­­­­­­path­­­­­­analysis­­­­­­for­­­­­­seed­­­­­­yield­­­­­­

Rafat,­­­­­­ A.,­­­­­­ K.­­­­­­ Philip,­­­­­­ S.­­­­­­ Muniandy.­­­­­­ 2011.­­­­­­ Antioxidant­­­­­­ in­­­­­­sun­­­­­­flower­­­­­­(Heliantus annus­­­­­­L.).­­­­­­Pak.­­­­­­J.­­­­­­Agri.­­­­­­Sci.­­­­­­

properties­­­­­­ of­­­­­­ indigenous­­­­­­ raw­­­­­­ and­­­­­­ fermented­­­­­­ salad­­­­­­ 43:3-4.

plants.­­­­­­Int.­­­­­­J.­­­­­­Food­­­­­­Prop.­­­­­­14:599-608. Habwe,­­­­­­ F.O.,­­­­­­ M.K.­­­­­­ Walingo,­­­­­­ M.O.­­­­­­ Abukutsa-Onyango,­­­­­­

Ram,­­­­­­S.G.,­­­­­­K.T.­­­­­­Parthiban,­­­­­­R.S.­­­­­­Kumar,­­­­­­V.­­­­­­Thiruvengadam,­­­­­­ M.O.­­­­­­ Oluoch.­­­­­­ 2009.­­­­­­ Iron­­­­­­ content­­­­­­ of­­­­­­ the­­­­­­ formulated­­­­­­

M.­­­­­­ Paramathma.­­­­­­ 2008.­­­­­­ Genetic­­­­­­ diversity­­­­­­ among­­­­­­ East­­­­­­ African­­­­­­ indigenous­­­­­­ vegetables­­­­­­ recipes.­­­­­­ Afr.­­­­­­ J.­­­­­­

Jatropha­­­­­­ species­­­­­­ as­­­­­­ revealed­­­­­­ by­­­­­­ RAPD­­­­­­ markers.­­­­­­ Food­­­­­­Sci. 3:393-397.

Genet.­­­­­­Resour.­­­­­­Crop.­­­­­­Evol.­­­­­­55:803-809. Herawati,­­­­­­ R.,­­­­­­ B.S.­­­­­­ Purwoko,­­­­­­ I.S.­­­­­­ Dewi.­­­­­­ 2009.­­­­­­ Keragaman­­­­­­

Sarutayophat,­­­­­­T.,C.­­­­­­Nualsri,­­­­­­Q.­­­­­­Santipracha,­­­­­­V.­­­­­­Saereeprasert.­­­­­­ genetik­­­­­­ dan­­­­­­ karakter­­­­­­ agronomi­­­­­­ galur­­­­­­ haploid­­­­­­ ganda­­­­­­

2007.­­­­­­Characterization­­­­­­and­­­­­­genetic­­­­­­relatedness­­­­­­among­­­­­­ padi­­­­­­ gogo­­­­­­ dengan­­­­­­ sifat-sifat­­­­­­ tipe­­­­­­ baru­­­­­­ hasil­­­­­­ kultur­­­­­­

37­­­­­­ yardlong­­­­­­ bean­­­­­­ and­­­­­­ cowpea­­­­­­ accessions­­­­­­ based­­­­­­ on­­­­­­ antera.­­­­­­J.­­­­­­Agron.­­­­­­Indonesia.­­­­­­37:87-94.

morphological­­­­­­characters­­­­­­and­­­­­­RAPD­­­­­­analysis.­­­­­­J.­­­­­­Sci.­­­­­­ Technol.­­­­­­29:591-600.

Hermanto,­­­­­­D.­­­­­­2008.­­­­­­Koleksi­­­­­­dan­­­­­­karakterisasi­­­­­­plasma­­­­­­nutfah­­­­­­ sayuran­­­­­­ indigenous.­­­­­­ Skripsi.­­­­­­ Fakultas­­­­­­ Pertanian.­­­­­­

Sheela,­­­­­­ M.S.,­­­­­­ ­­­­­­ A.­­­­­­ Gopalan.­­­­­­ 2006.­­­­­­ Association­­­­­­ studies­­­­­­ for­­­­­­ Institut­­­­­­Pertanian­­­­­­Bogor.­­­­­­Bogor.

yield­­­­­­ and­­­­­­ its­­­­­­ related­­­­­­ traits­­­­­­ of­­­­­­ fodder­­­­­­ cowpea­­­­­­ in­­­­­­ F4­­­­­­ generation.­­­­­­J.­­­­­­Appl.­­­­­­Sci.­­­­­­Res.­­­­­­2:584-586.

Law-Ogbomo,­­­­­­ K.E.,­­­­­­ S.E.­­­­­­ Ajayi.­­­­­­ 2009.­­­­­­ Growth­­­­­­ and­­­­­­ yield­­­­­­ performance­­­­­­of­­­­­­Amaranthus cruentus­­­­­­influenced­­­­­­by­­­­­­

[UPOV]­­­­­­ Union­­­­­­ for­­­­­­ the­­­­­­ protection­­­­­­ of­­­­­­ new­­­­­­ varieties.­­­­­­ 2013.­­­­­­ planting­­­­­­density­­­­­­and­­­­­­poultry­­­­­­manure­­­­­­aplication.­­­­­­Not.­­­­­­

Cosmos.­­­­­­Geneva­­­­­­(CH):­­­­­­UPOV. Bot.­­­­­­Hort.­­­­­­Agrobot. ­­­­­­ Cluj.­­­­­­37:195-199. Van­­­­­­ den­­­­­­ Bergh,­­­­­­ M.H.­­­­­­ 1994.­­­­­­ Cosmos caudatus Kunth.­­­­­­ p.­­­­­­ Manurung,­­­­­­ G.,­­­­­­ A.D.­­­­­­ Susila,­­­­­­ J.­­­­­­ Roshetko,­­­­­­ M.C.­­­­­­ Palada.­­­­­­

152-153.­­­­­­ In­­­­­­ J.S.­­­­­­ Siemonsma­­­­­­ Piluek,­­­­­­ (Eds.).­­­­­­ Plant­­­­­­ 2008.­­­­­­ Findings­­­­­­ and­­­­­­ challenges:­­­­­­ can­­­­­­ vegetables­­­­­­ be­­­­­­

Resources­­­­­­ of­­­­­­ South-East­­­­­­ Asia­­­­­­ Vegetables.­­­­­­ Prosea­­­­­­ productive­­­­­­ under­­­­­­ tree­­­­­­ shade­­­­­­ management­­­­­­ in­­­­­­ West­­­­­­

Foundation.

Java?.­­­­­­SANREM-TMPEGS­­­­­­Publication­­­­­­8:2-17.

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