A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF COMMAND UTTERANCES IN THE SUBTITLE OF ACTION MOVIES A Pragmatic Analysis Of Command Utterances In The Subtitle Of Action Movies.
A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF COMMAND UTTERANCES
IN THE SUBTITLE OF ACTION MOVIES
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Written by
AYU FITRIANA WIDYANINGSIH
A 320 090 067
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
ii
iii
MOTTO
“Dreaming, attempting, and praying makes everything is possible.”
(The Writer)
“Learning fast from the past and fighting hard to the future.”
(The Writer)
“A little knowledge and do act is more valuable than many knowledge without
act”
(Kata - kata Bijak)
“I believe that a simple and unassuming manner of life is best for everyone, best
both for the body and the mind”
(Albert Einstein)
“Allah meninggikan beberapa derajat (tingkatan) orang-orang yang beriman
diantara kamu dan orang-orang yang berilmu (diberi ilmu pengetahuan) dan
Allah maha mengetahui apa yang kamu kerjakan.”
(Al – Mujadalah: 11)
iv
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
Her dearest mother and Father
who gives her life,
Her beloved twin
who gives her happiness and motivation,
Her lovely brother and sister-in-law
who gives her inspiration, and
Her funniest nephew
who gives her smiles
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarokatuh
Alhamdulillahirrobil’alamin as her grateful thanks to the owner of soul
Allah SWT who has shown her way to accomplish the research paper entitled “A
PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF COMMAND UTTERANCES IN THE
SUBTITLE OF ACTION MOVIES” as a partial fulfillment of the requirement
of getting a Bachelor degree of Education in English Department. The writer does
not forget to praise to the messenger, our prophet Muhammad SAW, and his
followers.
The writer realizes that she cannot finish this study without the other
people’s help in conducting the research paper. Therefore, the researcher would
like to express her special gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Dra. Nining Setyaningsih, M.Si, the Dean of School Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadaiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum, the Head of English Department of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D, the first consultant who has given her valuable
guidance, supports, advices, suggestions, information, and corrections for
finishing this research paper.
vi
4. Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M. Hum, the second consultant for valuable guidance,
help, and corrections for finishing this research paper.
5. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum, the best examiner.
6. Giri Lukmato, S.pd, her Academic Consultant who gives great motivation,
attention, and advice during her study in English Department of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
7. All lecturers in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta who gives her English knowledge and experience during four years.
8. Her dearest mother Daryatmi and father Suyadi Hardo Wiyono, who gives her
loves, prays, and supports to finish this study.
9. Her beloved twin Ayu Fitriana Widyaningrum for always accompanies, give
supports, jokes, and loves in her life.
10. Her lovely brother Agus Purnomo, Sister-in-law Ani Estu, and her nephew
Azka Farid Adinta for their inspiration, advice, laugh, and support to finish
this research paper.
11. Her beloved best friends Sipuj, Rikong, Sarinem, emak Yeni, Ayu, Isnonong,
and Erna for their support, encourage, happiness, togetherness, and friendship.
12. Her lovely purple notebook for the saving of her files from the beginning until
the end of this study.
13. Her all of friends in English Department’09 and those who cannot be
mentioned one by one which have supported her to reach her dreams and to
finish this study.
vii
The researcher deeply realizes that this research paper is far from being
perfect. Therefore, the researcher is very pleased to accept more constructive
critics that can make this research better.
Finally, the researcher still hopes that this research paper can contribute to
be beneficial to everyone.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta,
June 2013
The Writer
Ayu Fitriana Widyaningsih
viii
TESTIMONY
The researcher hereby declarates that there is no plagiarism of the previous
literary works which have been submitted to get Bachelor degree in certain
university and as long as the researcher knows that there is also no work or idea
that has ever written or published by someone else, except the written references
which are referred in this research paper and mentioned in literary review and
bibliography.
Therefore, if it is provided that there is mistake in the researcher’s
statement above later in the future, in this testimony, she will be fully responsible.
Surakarta,
June 2013
The Writer
Ayu Fitriana Widyaningsih
ix
SUMMARY
AYU FITRIANA WIDYANINGSIH. A320090067. A PRAGMATIC
ANALYSIS OF COMMAND UTTERANCES IN THE SUBTITLE OF
ACTION MOVIES. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta. 2013.
This research studied about command utterances in the subtitle of action
movies. The aimed of this research were to identify the pramalinguistic forms and
to describe the politeness strategies of command utterances used in the subtitle of
action movies, especially Hurt Locker movie and The Eagle movie.
The writer employed the descriptive qualitative as type of the research.
The data source of this research was the action movies, especially Hurt Locker
movie and The Eagle movie. The methods of collecting data were documentation
method and the steps included watched the action movies, found command
utterances, took notes, retyped, and coded the data. The techniques of analyzing
data were classified the data in its linguistic form by employing the sentence
theory, classified the politeness strategies of command utterances used in the
subtitle of action movies by using the theory of politeness, and concluded the
discussion to formulate suggestions of another research of command utterances.
This result of the analysis showed the variation of the forms and the
politeness strategies of command utterances used in the subtitle of action movies.
The variation of the forms was presented in the form of sentence types. The writer
found 75 data included 4 positive declarative sentences; 61 positive imperative
sentences involved 30 data of a positive imperative sentence consisted of a
command and 31 data of a positive imperative sentence consisted of two or more
commands; 2 negative imperative sentences; 2 interrogative sentences; and 6
combinations of them. Related to the politeness strategy, they were 68 bald on
record strategies; 6 positive politeness; and 1 negative politeness.
Keywords: Pragmatic, command utterances, politeness, subtitle, action movies.
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D
Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M.Hum
NIK. 978
NIK. 567
Dean,
Dra. Nining Setyaningsih, M.Si.
NIK. 403
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER .....................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ..............................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE.........................................................................................
iii
MOTTO ....................................................................................................
iv
DEDICATION ..........................................................................................
v
AKNOWLEDGMENT .............................................................................
vi
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................
ix
SUMMARY ...............................................................................................
x
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................
xi
LIST OF ABBREVATION.......................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ................................................
1
B. Scope of the Study .........................................................
5
C. Problem Statement .........................................................
5
D. Objective of the Study....................................................
5
E. Benefit of the Study .......................................................
6
F. Research Paper Organization..........................................
7
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Pragmatics .....................................................................
8
1. Notion of Pragmatics ................................................
8
2. Aspects of Language Studied in Pragmatics .............
9
xi
B. Classifications of Speech Act .........................................
13
C. Directive Utterance ........................................................
15
D. Command Utterances .....................................................
17
E. Linguistic Forms ............................................................
20
F. Politeness Strategy .........................................................
25
G. Previous Study ...............................................................
37
CHAPTER III: Research Method
A. Type of Research ...........................................................
46
B. Object of Research .........................................................
46
C. Data and Data Source .....................................................
46
D. Technique of Collecting Data .........................................
47
E. Technique of Analyzing Data .........................................
48
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis .................................................................
50
1. The Pragmalinguistic Forms .....................................
50
2. The Politeness Strategy ............................................
76
B. Research Findings ..........................................................
94
C. Discussion of the Findings .............................................
95
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .....................................................................
100
B. Suggestion .....................................................................
101
BIBLIOGRAPHY .....................................................................................
102
VIRTUAL REFERENCES .......................................................................
104
APPENDIX
xii
LIST OF ABBREVATION
EG
: The title of The Eagle movie
HL
: The title of Hurt Locker movie
DC
: Declarative sentence
IP 1
: A positive imperative sentence consists of a command.
IP 2
: A positive imperative sentence consists of two or more commands.
IN
: Negative imperative sentence
INT
: Interrogative sentence
COM : combination of sentences
BOR : Bald on record
PP
: Positive politeness
NP
: Negative politeness
FTA
: Face Threat Action
H
: Hearer
S
: Speaker
xiii
IN THE SUBTITLE OF ACTION MOVIES
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Written by
AYU FITRIANA WIDYANINGSIH
A 320 090 067
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
ii
iii
MOTTO
“Dreaming, attempting, and praying makes everything is possible.”
(The Writer)
“Learning fast from the past and fighting hard to the future.”
(The Writer)
“A little knowledge and do act is more valuable than many knowledge without
act”
(Kata - kata Bijak)
“I believe that a simple and unassuming manner of life is best for everyone, best
both for the body and the mind”
(Albert Einstein)
“Allah meninggikan beberapa derajat (tingkatan) orang-orang yang beriman
diantara kamu dan orang-orang yang berilmu (diberi ilmu pengetahuan) dan
Allah maha mengetahui apa yang kamu kerjakan.”
(Al – Mujadalah: 11)
iv
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
Her dearest mother and Father
who gives her life,
Her beloved twin
who gives her happiness and motivation,
Her lovely brother and sister-in-law
who gives her inspiration, and
Her funniest nephew
who gives her smiles
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarokatuh
Alhamdulillahirrobil’alamin as her grateful thanks to the owner of soul
Allah SWT who has shown her way to accomplish the research paper entitled “A
PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF COMMAND UTTERANCES IN THE
SUBTITLE OF ACTION MOVIES” as a partial fulfillment of the requirement
of getting a Bachelor degree of Education in English Department. The writer does
not forget to praise to the messenger, our prophet Muhammad SAW, and his
followers.
The writer realizes that she cannot finish this study without the other
people’s help in conducting the research paper. Therefore, the researcher would
like to express her special gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Dra. Nining Setyaningsih, M.Si, the Dean of School Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadaiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum, the Head of English Department of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D, the first consultant who has given her valuable
guidance, supports, advices, suggestions, information, and corrections for
finishing this research paper.
vi
4. Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M. Hum, the second consultant for valuable guidance,
help, and corrections for finishing this research paper.
5. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum, the best examiner.
6. Giri Lukmato, S.pd, her Academic Consultant who gives great motivation,
attention, and advice during her study in English Department of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
7. All lecturers in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta who gives her English knowledge and experience during four years.
8. Her dearest mother Daryatmi and father Suyadi Hardo Wiyono, who gives her
loves, prays, and supports to finish this study.
9. Her beloved twin Ayu Fitriana Widyaningrum for always accompanies, give
supports, jokes, and loves in her life.
10. Her lovely brother Agus Purnomo, Sister-in-law Ani Estu, and her nephew
Azka Farid Adinta for their inspiration, advice, laugh, and support to finish
this research paper.
11. Her beloved best friends Sipuj, Rikong, Sarinem, emak Yeni, Ayu, Isnonong,
and Erna for their support, encourage, happiness, togetherness, and friendship.
12. Her lovely purple notebook for the saving of her files from the beginning until
the end of this study.
13. Her all of friends in English Department’09 and those who cannot be
mentioned one by one which have supported her to reach her dreams and to
finish this study.
vii
The researcher deeply realizes that this research paper is far from being
perfect. Therefore, the researcher is very pleased to accept more constructive
critics that can make this research better.
Finally, the researcher still hopes that this research paper can contribute to
be beneficial to everyone.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta,
June 2013
The Writer
Ayu Fitriana Widyaningsih
viii
TESTIMONY
The researcher hereby declarates that there is no plagiarism of the previous
literary works which have been submitted to get Bachelor degree in certain
university and as long as the researcher knows that there is also no work or idea
that has ever written or published by someone else, except the written references
which are referred in this research paper and mentioned in literary review and
bibliography.
Therefore, if it is provided that there is mistake in the researcher’s
statement above later in the future, in this testimony, she will be fully responsible.
Surakarta,
June 2013
The Writer
Ayu Fitriana Widyaningsih
ix
SUMMARY
AYU FITRIANA WIDYANINGSIH. A320090067. A PRAGMATIC
ANALYSIS OF COMMAND UTTERANCES IN THE SUBTITLE OF
ACTION MOVIES. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta. 2013.
This research studied about command utterances in the subtitle of action
movies. The aimed of this research were to identify the pramalinguistic forms and
to describe the politeness strategies of command utterances used in the subtitle of
action movies, especially Hurt Locker movie and The Eagle movie.
The writer employed the descriptive qualitative as type of the research.
The data source of this research was the action movies, especially Hurt Locker
movie and The Eagle movie. The methods of collecting data were documentation
method and the steps included watched the action movies, found command
utterances, took notes, retyped, and coded the data. The techniques of analyzing
data were classified the data in its linguistic form by employing the sentence
theory, classified the politeness strategies of command utterances used in the
subtitle of action movies by using the theory of politeness, and concluded the
discussion to formulate suggestions of another research of command utterances.
This result of the analysis showed the variation of the forms and the
politeness strategies of command utterances used in the subtitle of action movies.
The variation of the forms was presented in the form of sentence types. The writer
found 75 data included 4 positive declarative sentences; 61 positive imperative
sentences involved 30 data of a positive imperative sentence consisted of a
command and 31 data of a positive imperative sentence consisted of two or more
commands; 2 negative imperative sentences; 2 interrogative sentences; and 6
combinations of them. Related to the politeness strategy, they were 68 bald on
record strategies; 6 positive politeness; and 1 negative politeness.
Keywords: Pragmatic, command utterances, politeness, subtitle, action movies.
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D
Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M.Hum
NIK. 978
NIK. 567
Dean,
Dra. Nining Setyaningsih, M.Si.
NIK. 403
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER .....................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ..............................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE.........................................................................................
iii
MOTTO ....................................................................................................
iv
DEDICATION ..........................................................................................
v
AKNOWLEDGMENT .............................................................................
vi
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................
ix
SUMMARY ...............................................................................................
x
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................
xi
LIST OF ABBREVATION.......................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ................................................
1
B. Scope of the Study .........................................................
5
C. Problem Statement .........................................................
5
D. Objective of the Study....................................................
5
E. Benefit of the Study .......................................................
6
F. Research Paper Organization..........................................
7
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Pragmatics .....................................................................
8
1. Notion of Pragmatics ................................................
8
2. Aspects of Language Studied in Pragmatics .............
9
xi
B. Classifications of Speech Act .........................................
13
C. Directive Utterance ........................................................
15
D. Command Utterances .....................................................
17
E. Linguistic Forms ............................................................
20
F. Politeness Strategy .........................................................
25
G. Previous Study ...............................................................
37
CHAPTER III: Research Method
A. Type of Research ...........................................................
46
B. Object of Research .........................................................
46
C. Data and Data Source .....................................................
46
D. Technique of Collecting Data .........................................
47
E. Technique of Analyzing Data .........................................
48
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis .................................................................
50
1. The Pragmalinguistic Forms .....................................
50
2. The Politeness Strategy ............................................
76
B. Research Findings ..........................................................
94
C. Discussion of the Findings .............................................
95
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .....................................................................
100
B. Suggestion .....................................................................
101
BIBLIOGRAPHY .....................................................................................
102
VIRTUAL REFERENCES .......................................................................
104
APPENDIX
xii
LIST OF ABBREVATION
EG
: The title of The Eagle movie
HL
: The title of Hurt Locker movie
DC
: Declarative sentence
IP 1
: A positive imperative sentence consists of a command.
IP 2
: A positive imperative sentence consists of two or more commands.
IN
: Negative imperative sentence
INT
: Interrogative sentence
COM : combination of sentences
BOR : Bald on record
PP
: Positive politeness
NP
: Negative politeness
FTA
: Face Threat Action
H
: Hearer
S
: Speaker
xiii