THESIS GRAMMATICAL ERROR ANALYSIS OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS WRITTEN BY THE FIRST GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK PANCASILA SURAKARTA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 20172018
THESIS
GRAMMATICAL ERROR ANALYSIS OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
WRITTEN BY THE FIRST GRADE STUDENTS
OF SMK PANCASILA SURAKARTA
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2017/2018
THESIS
RATNA NOVIANTI
K2212061
This thesis is submitted to fulfill the requirement for Undergraduate Degree
in
English Department Teacher Training and Education Faculty
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
2018
PRONOUNCEMENT
I would like to certify that the thesis entitled “GRAMMATICAL
ERROR ANALYSIS OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS WRITTEN BY THE
FIRST GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK PANCASILA SURAKARTA IN THE
ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2017/2018” is really my own work. It is not a product
of plagiarism or made by others. Everything related to others’ works id written in quotation, the sources of which are listed in the bibliography.
If then, this pronouncement proves wrong, I am ready to receive any academic punishment.
Surakarta, July 2018 Ratna Novianti
THESIS
GRAMMATICAL ERROR ANALYSIS OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
WRITTEN BY THE FIRST GRADE STUDENTS
OF SMK PANCASILA SURAKARTA
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2017/2018
THESIS
RATNA NOVIANTI
K2212061
This thesis is submitted to fulfill the requirement for Undergraduate Degree
in
English Department Teacher Training and Education Faculty
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
2018
APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS
This thesis has been approvedby the thesis Consultant to be examined by the thesis Examiners broad of Teaching Training Education Faculty, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
On : By :
Consultant I Consultant II Dr. Ngadiso, M.pd. Dewi Cahyaningrum, S.Pd.,M.Pd.
NIP. 196212311988031009 NIP. 1988032320130201
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS
This thesis has been examined by the Board of Thesis Examiners of the English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta and has been accepted to fulfill one of requirements for obtaining an undergraduate degree in English Education.
Date : Day :
The Board of Examiners: 1.
Chair
Teguh Sarosa, S.S., M.Hum. ( )
NIP. 197302052006041001 2. Secretary
Kristiandi, S.S., M.A. ( )
NIP. 197707202001121001 3. First Examiner Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd.
( ) NIP. 196212311988031009 4.
) Dewi Cahyaningrum, S.pd, M.pd. (
NIP. 1988032320130201 The Dean
Teacher Training and Education Faculty Universitas Sebelas Maret, Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd.
NIP 196101241987021001
ABSTRACT
Ratna Novianti. K2212061. 2018. Grammatical Error Analysis of
Descriptive Texts Written by the First Grade Students of SMK
Pancasila Surakarta in the Academic Year of 2017/2018. Thesis.
English Education Department. Teacher Training and Education
Faculty. Universitas Sebelas Maret.The goals of this research are: (1) To identify the grammatical errors made by the students in writing descriptive text; (2) To know the percentages of grammatical error made by students in writing descriptive text; (3) To know the most difficult aspect of grammatical error for students in writing descriptive text; and (4) To identify the sources of grammatical errors made by the students in writing descriptive text.
The research was conducted in SMK Pancasila Surakarta in June 2017. The method of this research is descriptive quantitative research. The sampling technique employed in this research is cluster random sampling.
The data are student’s errors which are collected through test which is done by 26 students of X TPM 1 of SMK Pancasila Surakarta. The data are analyzed by using error analysis procedure which consists of identifying students’ errors, describing the errors, explaining the errors, and evaluating the errors.
The findings of the research are: (1) The grammatical errors made by the student are classified into four classifications: omission, addition, misinformation, and misordering; (2) The percentage of each error is as follows: omission of error with the percentage of 33.34% or 38 errors of total 114 errors, addition of error with the percentage 10.53% or 12 error of total 144 errors, misinformation of error with the percentage of 54.38% or 62 errors of total 114 errors, and misordering with the percentage of 1.75% or 2 errors of total 144 errors; (3) The most difficult aspect is errors of misinformation which are the most frequent error that are identified by the use of incorrect form of morpheme or structure; and (4) The sources of error made by the students are divided into two types; interlingual error with the percentage of 45.62% or 52 errors of total 114 errors and intralingual error with the percentage of 54.38% or 62 errors of total 114 errors.
The study can be used by the teachers to know what kinds of errors which are often made by the students. The teachers can determine the best teaching method and technique to deliver the lesson in order to avoid the occurrence of errors. Besides, teachers can also find out what materials should be prioritized to reduce the students’ errors. Keywords:grammar, error analysis, descriptive text
ABSTRAK
Ratna Novianti. K2212061. Analisis Kesalahan Gramatikal dalam
Teks Deskriptif yang Ditulis oleh Siswa- siswa Kelas Satu SMK
Pancasila Surakarta Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. Skripsi. Jurusan
Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Fakultas Ilmu Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan. Universitas Sebelas Maret.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Untuk mengidentifikasi kesalahan gramatikal yang dibuat oleh siswa-siswa dalam menulis teks deskriptif; (2) Untuk mengetahui persentase dari kesalahan gramatikal yang dibuat oleh siswa- siswa dalam menulis teks deskriptif; (3) Untuk mengetahui aspek tersulit dari kesalahan gramatikal bagi siswa-siswa dalam menulis deskriptif teks; (4) Untuk mengetahui sumber-sumber kesalahan gramatikal yang dibuat oleh siswa-siswa dalam menulis deskriptif teks.
Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMK Pancasila Surakarta pada bulan Juni 2017. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Tehnik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cluster random sampling. Data dari penelitian ini berasal dari kesalahan-kesalahan siswa yang telah dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes yang diikuti oleh 26 siswa dari X TPM 1 SMK Pancasila Surakarta. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan prosedur analisis kesalahan yang terdiri dari: mengidentifikasi kesalahan siswa, mendeskripsikan kesalahan, menjelaskan kesalahan, dan mengevalusi kesalahan.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) kesalahan gramatikal yang dibuat oleh siswa dibagi menjadi empat klasifikasi: omission, addition, dan misordering; (2) persentase dari masing-masing
misinformation,
kesalahan adalah sebagai berikut: omission of error dengan persentase 33.34% atau 38 kesalahan dari total 114 kesalahan, addition of error dengan persentase 10.53% atau 12 kesalahan dari total 114 kesalahan,
misinformation of error dengan persentase 54.38% atau 62 kesalahan dari total 114 kesalahan, dan misordering of error dengan persentase 1.75% atau 2 kesalahan dari total 114 kesalahan; (3) Aspek tersulit adalah yang mana sebagai kesalahan yang paling banyak muncul
misinformation
yang ditandai dengan penggunaan bentuk stuktur yang salah; dan (4) Sumber-sumber kesalahan yang dibuat siswa dibagi menjadi dua tipe:
interlingual error dengan persentasi 45.62% atau 52 kesalahan dari total
114 kesalahan dan intralingual error dengan persentase 54.38% atau 62 kesalahan dari total 114 kesalahan.
Penelitian ini dapat digunakan oleh para guru untuk mengetahui macam-macam yang sering dibuat oleh siswa. Guru dapat menentukan metode mengajar yang terbaik dan tehnik untuk menyampaikan pelajaran yang dapat mencegah munculnya kesalahan. Selain itu, guru juga dapat menemukan materi apa yang harus diprioritaskan untuk mengurangi kesalahan siswa. Kata kunci: tata bahasa, analisis kesalahan, teks deskriptif
MOTTO
The more you praise and celebrate your life, the more there is in life to celebrate.(Oprah Winfrey)
No one has ever made himself great by showing how small someone else is.
(Irvin Himmel) Do the best, be the best, and God takes the rest.
(Marching Band Sebelas Maret)
DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis gratefully to: My beloved mother, Nurainin and father, M. Choirul Fuad.
- My beloved sister, Dea Dwi Ratna Apriliana.
- My beloved grandma >My best friends.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alaminAll praises be for Allah SWT for the blessings so that the researcher is finally able to finish the thesis as one of the requirement for achieving Undergraduate Degree in English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Universitas Sebelas Maret. This thesis would have never been completed without the assistance of many people. So, the researcher would like to express her greatest gratitude and respect to the following: 1.
The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret.
2. The Head of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Universitas Sebelas Maret, for the permission to write this thesis.
3. Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd., the first consultant, for his time, patience, motivations, advices, and guidance during the process of writing this thesis.
4. Dewi Cahyaningrum, S.Pd.,M.Pd., the second consultant, for her time, patience, motivations, advices, and guidance during the process of writing this thesis.
5. Kristiandi, S.S., M.A., the academic consultant, for his kindness and supervision during the researcher’s study in English education Department.
6. Budi Santoso, S.Pd., ST., M.Pd., the headmaster of SMK Pancasila Surakarta, for his permission to do the research in his school.
7. Wahyudi, S.Pd., the English teacher of SMK Pancasila Surakarta, for his kindness and help during the research.
8. All the students of X TPM 1, for their good cooperation during the research.
9. All the lecturers in English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret Surakarta, for their supports during the researcher’s study.
10. Her beloved family, for patiently encouraging the researcher in everything.
11. EED 2012 especially class B, for the good times and laughter we share.
12. Her best friends, Rea, Deka, Kiki, Witria, Ias, Yulia, Yesika, Dwi etc. for the happiness, whole- heartedly cares, helps, and supports.
13. The family of Marching Band Sebelas Maret, for giving the great experiences in the research’s life all this time.
This thesis is far from being ideal, so the researcher would be very pleased for all the suggestions, criticisms, and comments to make this thesis better. The researcher hopes that this thesis would be useful for the readers especially for those who are interested in linguistic studies.
Surakarta, April 2018 Ratna Novianti
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page PRONOUNCEMENT .......................................................................................... ii TITLE .................................................................................................................. iii APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS .................................................................... iv APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ............................................ v ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ vi ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ viii MOTTO ................................................................................................................ x DEDICATION ..................................................................................................... xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. xii TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... xiv LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................... xvii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1 A. Research Background ................................................................. 1 B. Problem Limitation ...................................................................... 3 C. Problem Statements .................................................................... 3 D. Research Objectives ................................................................... 4 E. Research Benefits ........................................................................ 4 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................... 6 A. Error Analysis .............................................................................. 6 1. Mistakes and Error ......................................................... 6 2. Error Analysis ............................................................... 6 3. Sources of Error ............................................................ 7 4. Types of Error ............................................................... 8 5. Procedures of Error Analysis ...................................... 10
B.
Grammatical Error Analysis ..................................................... 11 1.
Definition of Grammar ................................................ 11 2. Grammatical Error ...................................................... 12 3. Types of Grammatical Errors ...................................... 12 C. Writing ...................................................................................... 14 1.
Definition of Writing................................................... 14 D. Descriptive Text ........................................................................ 14 1.
Definition of Descriptive Text ..................................... 14 2. Social Function ............................................................ 15 3. Generic Structure ......................................................... 15 4. Language Feature ......................................................... 15
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................... 16 A. Place and Time of the Research ................................................ 16 B. Method of the Research ............................................................. 16 C. Subject of the Research ............................................................. 16 D. Technique of Collecting Data .................................................... 18 E. Technique of Analyzing Data .................................................... 18 CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ............................ 20 A. Research Finding ....................................................................... 20 1. The Percentage of Errors ..................................................... 20 2. Types of Errors ................................................................... 21 3. Source of Errors ................................................................... 28 4. Types of Grammatical Errors .............................................. 30 B. Discussion .................................................................................. 32 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION ............ 34 A. Conclusion ................................................................................. 34 B. Implication ................................................................................. 35 C. Suggestion ................................................................................. 35