Hubungan Kadar Albumin Dengan Skor Psi Pada Pasienpneumonia Komunitas Saat Awal Masuk Rumah Sakit
5.2 Saran
Perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut dengan sampel lebih besar dan desain penelitian
kohort ataupun uji survival untuk mendapatkan hubungan antara albumin, skor PSI
dengan peningkatan komplikasi dan kebutuhan ICU serta mortalitas penderita PK.
29
DAFTAR KEPUSTAKAAN
1. Akpinar EE, Hosgun D, Doganay B, Gulhan M. The role of albumin level and
blood urea nitrogen / albumin ratio in prediction of prognosis of community
acquired pneumonia. Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine. 2013; 3(5) :159
2. Summary Executive. Pola Penyakit Penyebab Kematian di Indonesia. Survei
Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT). 2001: 2.
3. Dahlan Z. Pandangan Baru Pneumonia Atipik dan Terapinya. Cermin Dunia
Kedokteran. 2000;128: 6.
4. De Frances CJ, Lucas CA, Buie VC, Golosinskiy A. 2006 National Hospital
Discharge Survey. National Health Statistic Reports. 2008;5: 1 – 20.
5. Mikaeilli H, Zarghami N, Yazdchi M, Mardani M, Ansarin K. On Admission
Level of Serum D-Dimer and the Severity of Community Acquired
Pneumonia. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 2009;12 (6): 514-517.
6. Mira JP, Max A, Burgel PR. The Role of Biomarker in Community Acquired
Pneumonia: Prediciting Mortality and Response to Adjunctive Therapy.
Critical Care. 2008;12(Suppl 6): 1-7.
7. Masia M, Gutierrez F, Shum C, Sergio P, Navarro JC, Flores E, et.al.
Usefulness of Procalcitonin Level in
Community Acquired Pneumonia
According to Patients Outcome Research Team Pneumonia Severity Index.
Chest. 2005; 128: 23-29.
8. Lee JH, Kim J, Kim K, Jo YH, Rhee J, Kim TY et al. Albumin and C-Reactive
Protein have prognostic significance in patients with community-acquired
pneumonia. Journal of critical care. 2011; 26: 287-294.
9. Viasus D, Vidal CG, Simonetti A, Manresa F, Dorca J, Gudiol F et al.
Prognostic value of serum albumin levels in hospitalized adults with
community acquired pneumonia. Journal of infection. 2013; 66: 415-423.
10. Capelastegui A, Espana PP, Quintana JM, Arcitio I, Gorondo I, Egurolla
M,et.al. Validationof Predictive Rule for the management of Community
Acquired Pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2006; 27: 151-57.
26
11. de Mutsert R, Grootendorst DC, Indemans F, Boeschoten EW, Krediet RT,
Dekker FW et al. Association between serum albumin and mortality in dialysis
patients is partly explained by inflammation, and not by malnutrition. J Ren
Nutr 2009;19:127-35.
12. Meziani F, Kremer H, Tesse A, Menguy CB, Mathien C, Mostefai HA, et al.
Human serum albumin improves arterial dysfunction during early resuscitation
in mouse endotoxic model via reduced oxidative and nitrosative stresses. Am J
Pathol 2007;171:1753-61
13. Yao X, Miao W, Li M, Wang M, Ma J, Wang Y et al. Protective effect of
albumin on VEGF and brain edema in acute ischemia in rats. Neurosci Lett
2010;472: 179-83.
14. Lang JD, Figueroa M, Chumley P, Aslan M, Hurt J, Tarpey MM, et al.
Albumin and hydroxyethyl starch modulate oxidative inflammatory injury to
vascular endothelium.Anesthesiology 2004;100:51-8.
15. Ballmer PE. Causes and mechanisms of hypoalbuminemia. Clinical Nutrition.
2001;20;3:271-273.
16. Singanayagam A, Chalmers JD, Hill AT. Severity Assesment in Community
Acquired Pneumonia: a review. QJ med. 2009; 102: 379-88.
17. Moghaddam MA, Bakhsi H, Rezaei B, Khashayar P. Pneumonia severity
index compare to CURB-65 in predicting the outcome of community acquired
pneumonia among patients referred to an iranian emergency departement : a
prospective survey. Brazilian Journal of infectious Diseases.2013;17(2):17983.
18. Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia. Pedoman Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan
di Indonesia. Pneumonia Komuniti. 2003; 9-10.
19. Armitage K, Woodhead M. New Guidelines For The Management Of Adult
Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Current Opinion In Infection Diseases.
2007; 20: 170-176
20. Watkins RR, Lemonovich TL. Diagnosis and Management of CommunityAcquired Pneumonia in Adults. American Family Physician. 2011; 11: 12991306
21. Dahlan Z. Pneumonia. Dalam: Sudoyo AW, Setyohadi B, Alwi I, Simadibrata
M, Setiati S (editors). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam: Interna Publishing;
2009:2196-2206.
22. Mandell LA, Wunderik RG, Arzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC,
et.al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/ American Thoracic Society
Consensus Guidelines on The Management of Community Acquired
Pneumonia in Adults. CID. 2007; 44: 27- 72.
23. Shah BA, Ahmed W, Dhobi GN, Shah NN, Khursheed SQ et.al. Validity of
Pneumonia Severity Index and CURB-65 Severity Scoring Systems in
Community Acquired Pneumonia in An Indian Setting. The Indian Journal of
Chest Diseases & Allied Sciences 2010;52: 9-17.
24. Bont J, Hak E, Hoes AW, Macfarlane JT, Varheiji TJM. Predicitng Death in
Elderly Patients
with Community Acquired Pneumonia : A Prospective
Validation Study Re-evaluating the CRB-65 Severity Assessment Tool.Arch
Intern Med 2008;168:1465-68.
25. Ugajin M, Yamaki K, Iwamura N, Yagi T, Asano T. Blood Urea nitrogen to
serum albumin ratio independently predicts mortality and severity of
community acquired pneumonia. International Journal of General Medicine.
2012;5:583-589.
26. Ranzani OT, Zampieri FG, Forte DN, Azevado LCS, Park M. C-Reactive
Protein/ Albumin ratio predict 90-day mortality of septic patients. Plos one
.2013;8:3.
27. Nicholson JP, Wolmarans MR, Park GR. The Role of Albumin in critical
illness. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2000;4: 599-610.
28. Don BR, Kaysen G. Serum albumin : Relationship to inflammation and
Nutrition. Seminar in Dyalisis. 2004;17;6:432-437.
29. Vincent JL, Dubois MJ, Navickis RJ, Wilkes MM. Hypoalbuminemia in acute
illness: is there a rationale for intervention? A meta analysis of cohort studies
and controlled trials. Ann Surg. 2003;237;3:319-34
30. Martinez R, Menendez R, Reyes S, Polverino S, Cilloniz C, Martinez A et al.
Factors associated inflamatory cytokine patterns in community acquired
pneumonia. European Respiratory Journal. 2011;37:393-399.
31. Puren AJ,Feldman C,Savage N,Becker PJ, Smith C. Patterns of Cytokine
Expression in Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Chest. 1995; 107: 1342-49
32. Harimurti K, Setiati S. C-Reactive Protein levels and decrease of albumin level
in hospitalized elderly patients with community acquired pneumonia. Acta
Med Indonesia – J Intern Med. 2007;39:13-18.
33. Hedlund JU, Hansson LO, Ortqvist AB. Hypoalbuminaemia in hospitalized
patients
with
community-acquired
pneumonia.
Arch
Intern
Med
1995;155:1438-42.
34. Moshage HJ, Janssen JAM, Franssen JH, Hafkenscheid JCM, Yap SH. Study
of the Molecular Mechanism of Decreased Liver Synthesis of Albumin in
Inflammation. J. Clin. Invest. 1987;79:1635-1641
LAMPIRAN 1
Perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut dengan sampel lebih besar dan desain penelitian
kohort ataupun uji survival untuk mendapatkan hubungan antara albumin, skor PSI
dengan peningkatan komplikasi dan kebutuhan ICU serta mortalitas penderita PK.
29
DAFTAR KEPUSTAKAAN
1. Akpinar EE, Hosgun D, Doganay B, Gulhan M. The role of albumin level and
blood urea nitrogen / albumin ratio in prediction of prognosis of community
acquired pneumonia. Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine. 2013; 3(5) :159
2. Summary Executive. Pola Penyakit Penyebab Kematian di Indonesia. Survei
Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT). 2001: 2.
3. Dahlan Z. Pandangan Baru Pneumonia Atipik dan Terapinya. Cermin Dunia
Kedokteran. 2000;128: 6.
4. De Frances CJ, Lucas CA, Buie VC, Golosinskiy A. 2006 National Hospital
Discharge Survey. National Health Statistic Reports. 2008;5: 1 – 20.
5. Mikaeilli H, Zarghami N, Yazdchi M, Mardani M, Ansarin K. On Admission
Level of Serum D-Dimer and the Severity of Community Acquired
Pneumonia. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 2009;12 (6): 514-517.
6. Mira JP, Max A, Burgel PR. The Role of Biomarker in Community Acquired
Pneumonia: Prediciting Mortality and Response to Adjunctive Therapy.
Critical Care. 2008;12(Suppl 6): 1-7.
7. Masia M, Gutierrez F, Shum C, Sergio P, Navarro JC, Flores E, et.al.
Usefulness of Procalcitonin Level in
Community Acquired Pneumonia
According to Patients Outcome Research Team Pneumonia Severity Index.
Chest. 2005; 128: 23-29.
8. Lee JH, Kim J, Kim K, Jo YH, Rhee J, Kim TY et al. Albumin and C-Reactive
Protein have prognostic significance in patients with community-acquired
pneumonia. Journal of critical care. 2011; 26: 287-294.
9. Viasus D, Vidal CG, Simonetti A, Manresa F, Dorca J, Gudiol F et al.
Prognostic value of serum albumin levels in hospitalized adults with
community acquired pneumonia. Journal of infection. 2013; 66: 415-423.
10. Capelastegui A, Espana PP, Quintana JM, Arcitio I, Gorondo I, Egurolla
M,et.al. Validationof Predictive Rule for the management of Community
Acquired Pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2006; 27: 151-57.
26
11. de Mutsert R, Grootendorst DC, Indemans F, Boeschoten EW, Krediet RT,
Dekker FW et al. Association between serum albumin and mortality in dialysis
patients is partly explained by inflammation, and not by malnutrition. J Ren
Nutr 2009;19:127-35.
12. Meziani F, Kremer H, Tesse A, Menguy CB, Mathien C, Mostefai HA, et al.
Human serum albumin improves arterial dysfunction during early resuscitation
in mouse endotoxic model via reduced oxidative and nitrosative stresses. Am J
Pathol 2007;171:1753-61
13. Yao X, Miao W, Li M, Wang M, Ma J, Wang Y et al. Protective effect of
albumin on VEGF and brain edema in acute ischemia in rats. Neurosci Lett
2010;472: 179-83.
14. Lang JD, Figueroa M, Chumley P, Aslan M, Hurt J, Tarpey MM, et al.
Albumin and hydroxyethyl starch modulate oxidative inflammatory injury to
vascular endothelium.Anesthesiology 2004;100:51-8.
15. Ballmer PE. Causes and mechanisms of hypoalbuminemia. Clinical Nutrition.
2001;20;3:271-273.
16. Singanayagam A, Chalmers JD, Hill AT. Severity Assesment in Community
Acquired Pneumonia: a review. QJ med. 2009; 102: 379-88.
17. Moghaddam MA, Bakhsi H, Rezaei B, Khashayar P. Pneumonia severity
index compare to CURB-65 in predicting the outcome of community acquired
pneumonia among patients referred to an iranian emergency departement : a
prospective survey. Brazilian Journal of infectious Diseases.2013;17(2):17983.
18. Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia. Pedoman Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan
di Indonesia. Pneumonia Komuniti. 2003; 9-10.
19. Armitage K, Woodhead M. New Guidelines For The Management Of Adult
Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Current Opinion In Infection Diseases.
2007; 20: 170-176
20. Watkins RR, Lemonovich TL. Diagnosis and Management of CommunityAcquired Pneumonia in Adults. American Family Physician. 2011; 11: 12991306
21. Dahlan Z. Pneumonia. Dalam: Sudoyo AW, Setyohadi B, Alwi I, Simadibrata
M, Setiati S (editors). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam: Interna Publishing;
2009:2196-2206.
22. Mandell LA, Wunderik RG, Arzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC,
et.al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/ American Thoracic Society
Consensus Guidelines on The Management of Community Acquired
Pneumonia in Adults. CID. 2007; 44: 27- 72.
23. Shah BA, Ahmed W, Dhobi GN, Shah NN, Khursheed SQ et.al. Validity of
Pneumonia Severity Index and CURB-65 Severity Scoring Systems in
Community Acquired Pneumonia in An Indian Setting. The Indian Journal of
Chest Diseases & Allied Sciences 2010;52: 9-17.
24. Bont J, Hak E, Hoes AW, Macfarlane JT, Varheiji TJM. Predicitng Death in
Elderly Patients
with Community Acquired Pneumonia : A Prospective
Validation Study Re-evaluating the CRB-65 Severity Assessment Tool.Arch
Intern Med 2008;168:1465-68.
25. Ugajin M, Yamaki K, Iwamura N, Yagi T, Asano T. Blood Urea nitrogen to
serum albumin ratio independently predicts mortality and severity of
community acquired pneumonia. International Journal of General Medicine.
2012;5:583-589.
26. Ranzani OT, Zampieri FG, Forte DN, Azevado LCS, Park M. C-Reactive
Protein/ Albumin ratio predict 90-day mortality of septic patients. Plos one
.2013;8:3.
27. Nicholson JP, Wolmarans MR, Park GR. The Role of Albumin in critical
illness. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2000;4: 599-610.
28. Don BR, Kaysen G. Serum albumin : Relationship to inflammation and
Nutrition. Seminar in Dyalisis. 2004;17;6:432-437.
29. Vincent JL, Dubois MJ, Navickis RJ, Wilkes MM. Hypoalbuminemia in acute
illness: is there a rationale for intervention? A meta analysis of cohort studies
and controlled trials. Ann Surg. 2003;237;3:319-34
30. Martinez R, Menendez R, Reyes S, Polverino S, Cilloniz C, Martinez A et al.
Factors associated inflamatory cytokine patterns in community acquired
pneumonia. European Respiratory Journal. 2011;37:393-399.
31. Puren AJ,Feldman C,Savage N,Becker PJ, Smith C. Patterns of Cytokine
Expression in Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Chest. 1995; 107: 1342-49
32. Harimurti K, Setiati S. C-Reactive Protein levels and decrease of albumin level
in hospitalized elderly patients with community acquired pneumonia. Acta
Med Indonesia – J Intern Med. 2007;39:13-18.
33. Hedlund JU, Hansson LO, Ortqvist AB. Hypoalbuminaemia in hospitalized
patients
with
community-acquired
pneumonia.
Arch
Intern
Med
1995;155:1438-42.
34. Moshage HJ, Janssen JAM, Franssen JH, Hafkenscheid JCM, Yap SH. Study
of the Molecular Mechanism of Decreased Liver Synthesis of Albumin in
Inflammation. J. Clin. Invest. 1987;79:1635-1641
LAMPIRAN 1