TA TS 1104736 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
PERNYATAAN.................................................................................................................. i
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................................... ii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ........................................................................................... iii
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................................ iv
DAFTAR ISI.......................................................................................................................v
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................................x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................................1
1.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................................1
1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ..............................................................................................2
1.3 Pembatasan Masalah .............................................................................................2
1.4 Maksud dan Tujuan...............................................................................................2
1.5 Lokasi Studi ..........................................................................................................3
1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ...........................................................................................4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .......................................................................................5
2.1 Persyaratan dalam Penyediaan Air Bersih ...........................................................5
2.1.1
Persyaratan Kualitatif .................................................................................5
2.1.2
Persyaratan Kuantitatif ..............................................................................6
2.1.3
Persyaratan Kontinuitas .............................................................................6
2.2 Sistem Pengaliran Air Bersih ................................................................................7
2.2.1
Cara Gravitasi ............................................................................................7
2.2.2
Cara Pompa ...............................................................................................7
2.2.3
Cara Gabungan ..........................................................................................7
2.3 Standar Pemakaian Air Bersih ..............................................................................7
2.4 Analisis Kebutuhan Air.........................................................................................8
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Analisis Jaringan Distribusi Pada PDAM Tirta Raharja Untuk Pelayanan Di Komplek Galih Parwati Kec.
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2.5 Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih .................................................................................9
2.5.1
Continuous Sistem ...................................................................................10
2.5.2
Intermitten Sistem ....................................................................................10
2.6 Material Pipa, Kriteria Kecepatan dan Tekanan .................................................10
2.7 Pola Distribusi Air ..............................................................................................11
2.7.1
Dead-ends Pattern.....................................................................................11
2.7.2
Grid Pattern ..............................................................................................12
2.8 Perlengkapan Pipa Jaringan Distribusi ..............................................................12
2.8.1
Katup .......................................................................................................12
2.8.2
Check Valve .............................................................................................13
2.8.3
Katup Pelepas Udara ...............................................................................14
2.8.4
Katup Elevasi ..........................................................................................15
2.8.5
Katup Penguras ........................................................................................15
2.8.6
Meter Air .................................................................................................16
2.9 Analisis Perpipaan ..............................................................................................16
2.9.1
Persamaan Hazen-William .......................................................................17
2.9.2
Persamaan Darcy Weisbach ....................................................................18
2.9.3
Persamaan De Chezy dengan Koef. Manning .........................................19
2.10 Hidrolika Jaringan Perpipaan .............................................................................20
2.11 Software Epanet 2.0 ...........................................................................................21
2.11.1 Tampilan Epanet ......................................................................................23
2.11.2 Objek Fisik ..............................................................................................25
BAB III METODOLOGI ................................................................................................36
3.1 Objek Penelitian ..................................................................................................36
3.2 Jenis Penelitian....................................................................................................36
3.3 Tahap Persiapan ..................................................................................................36
3.4 Kebutuhan Data ..................................................................................................37
3.4.1
Data Primer...............................................................................................37
3.4.2
Data Sekunder ..........................................................................................37
3.5 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ..................................................................................38
vi
Yogie Aprianto, 2014
Analisis Jaringan Distribusi Pada PDAM Tirta Raharja Untuk Pelayanan Di Komplek Galih Parwati Kec.
Baleendah Kab. Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.5.1
Survei Primer ............................................................................................38
3.5.2
Survei Sekunder ......................................................................................38
3.6 Teknik Pengolahan dan Penyajian Data .............................................................38
3.6.1
Tabulasi Data ...........................................................................................39
3.6.2
Data Naratif sebagai Data kualitatif Data ................................................39
3.7 Tahap Analisis ....................................................................................................39
3.7.1
Analisis Skema Jaringan .........................................................................39
3.7.2
Analisis Debit Air ....................................................................................39
3.7.3
Analisis Tekanan air ................................................................................40
3.8 Diagram Alir Penelitian ......................................................................................40
BAB IV ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN ...................................................................41
4.1 Analisis Skema Jaringan .....................................................................................41
4.1.1
Diameter Pipa ...........................................................................................41
4.1.2
Jenis Pipa ..................................................................................................41
4.1.3
Elevasi ......................................................................................................41
4.2 Analisis Debit Air ...............................................................................................42
4.3 Syarat Tekanan Air .............................................................................................42
4.4 Analisis Tekanan ................................................................................................43
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ...........................................................................61
5.1 Kesimpulan .........................................................................................................61
5.2 Saran ..................................................................................................................62
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................................63
LAMPIRAN......................................................................................................................64
vii
Yogie Aprianto, 2014
Analisis Jaringan Distribusi Pada PDAM Tirta Raharja Untuk Pelayanan Di Komplek Galih Parwati Kec.
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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
TABEL 2.1
Kriteria Pemakaian Air Bersih ...................................................................8
TABEL 2.2
Kecepatan Aliran dan Tekanan pada Pipa ................................................11
TABEL 2.3
Nilai C Pada Rumus Hazen Williams ......................................................18
TABEL 2.4
Angka Kekasaran Bahan Pipa ..................................................................19
TABEL 2.5
Junction Property......................................................................................26
TABEL 2.6
Reservoir Property ....................................................................................27
TABEL 2.7
Tank Property ...........................................................................................29
TABEL 2.8
Pipa Property ............................................................................................31
TABEL 2.9
Pump Property ..........................................................................................33
TABEL 2.10 Valve Property ..........................................................................................35
TABEL 4.1
Data Operasional Tahun 2014 ..................................................................52
TABEL 4.2
Hasil Evaluasi Jaringan ............................................................................53
TABEL 4.3
Hasil Evaluasi Jaringan Simulasi ke 1 dan ke 2 .......................................60
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Yogie Aprianto, 2014
Analisis Jaringan Distribusi Pada PDAM Tirta Raharja Untuk Pelayanan Di Komplek Galih Parwati Kec.
Baleendah Kab. Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
GAMBAR 1.1
Peta Lokasi ..........................................................................................3
GAMBAR 2.1
Pola Distribusi ....................................................................................12
GAMBAR 2.2
Gate Valve ..........................................................................................13
GAMBAR 2.3
Globe Valve ........................................................................................13
GAMBAR 2.4
Swing Check Valve ............................................................................14
GAMBAR 2.5
Relieve Valve .....................................................................................14
GAMBAR 2.6
Altitude Valve ...................................................................................15
GAMBAR 2.7
Katup Penguras ..................................................................................15
GAMBAR 2.8
Meter Air ...........................................................................................16
GAMBAR 2.9
Sistem Pipa Seri .................................................................................16
GAMBAR 2.10
Sistem Pipa Paralel ............................................................................17
GAMBAR 2.11
Diagram Langkah Pengoperasian Epanet ..........................................21
GAMBAR 2.12
Tampilan Pada Software Epanet .......................................................24
GAMBAR 2.13
Komponen Fisik Pada Sistem Distribusi Air ....................................24
GAMBAR 2.14
Junction Editor ...................................................................................26
GAMBAR 2.15
Reservoir Editor .................................................................................27
GAMBAR 2.16
Tank Editor ........................................................................................29
GAMBAR 2.17
Pipa Editor .........................................................................................31
GAMBAR 2.18
Pump Editor .......................................................................................33
GAMBAR 2.19
Valve Editor ......................................................................................35
GAMBAR 3.1
Diagram Alir.......................................................................................40
GAMBAR 4.1
Grafik Distribusi Of Flow ..................................................................44
GAMBAR 4.2
Grafik Distribusi Of Head ..................................................................44
GAMBAR 4.3
Grafik Distribusi Of Pressure .............................................................45
ix
Yogie Aprianto, 2014
Analisis Jaringan Distribusi Pada PDAM Tirta Raharja Untuk Pelayanan Di Komplek Galih Parwati Kec.
Baleendah Kab. Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 01
Surat Penunjukan Dosen Pembimbing
Lampiran 02
Elevasi Jaringan Pipa
Lampiran 03
Debit Pada Setiap Node
Lampiran 04
Data Pemakaian Air Pelanggan
Lampiran 05
Skema Jaringan
Lampiran 06
Jaringan Distribusi Perpipaan
Lampiran 07
Aliran Air Pada Pipa
Lampiran 08
Standar Galian Pipa
x
Yogie Aprianto, 2014
Analisis Jaringan Distribusi Pada PDAM Tirta Raharja Untuk Pelayanan Di Komplek Galih Parwati Kec.
Baleendah Kab. Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
PERNYATAAN.................................................................................................................. i
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................................... ii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ........................................................................................... iii
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................................ iv
DAFTAR ISI.......................................................................................................................v
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................................x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................................1
1.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................................1
1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ..............................................................................................2
1.3 Pembatasan Masalah .............................................................................................2
1.4 Maksud dan Tujuan...............................................................................................2
1.5 Lokasi Studi ..........................................................................................................3
1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ...........................................................................................4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .......................................................................................5
2.1 Persyaratan dalam Penyediaan Air Bersih ...........................................................5
2.1.1
Persyaratan Kualitatif .................................................................................5
2.1.2
Persyaratan Kuantitatif ..............................................................................6
2.1.3
Persyaratan Kontinuitas .............................................................................6
2.2 Sistem Pengaliran Air Bersih ................................................................................7
2.2.1
Cara Gravitasi ............................................................................................7
2.2.2
Cara Pompa ...............................................................................................7
2.2.3
Cara Gabungan ..........................................................................................7
2.3 Standar Pemakaian Air Bersih ..............................................................................7
2.4 Analisis Kebutuhan Air.........................................................................................8
v
Yogie Aprianto, 2014
Analisis Jaringan Distribusi Pada PDAM Tirta Raharja Untuk Pelayanan Di Komplek Galih Parwati Kec.
Baleendah Kab. Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.5 Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih .................................................................................9
2.5.1
Continuous Sistem ...................................................................................10
2.5.2
Intermitten Sistem ....................................................................................10
2.6 Material Pipa, Kriteria Kecepatan dan Tekanan .................................................10
2.7 Pola Distribusi Air ..............................................................................................11
2.7.1
Dead-ends Pattern.....................................................................................11
2.7.2
Grid Pattern ..............................................................................................12
2.8 Perlengkapan Pipa Jaringan Distribusi ..............................................................12
2.8.1
Katup .......................................................................................................12
2.8.2
Check Valve .............................................................................................13
2.8.3
Katup Pelepas Udara ...............................................................................14
2.8.4
Katup Elevasi ..........................................................................................15
2.8.5
Katup Penguras ........................................................................................15
2.8.6
Meter Air .................................................................................................16
2.9 Analisis Perpipaan ..............................................................................................16
2.9.1
Persamaan Hazen-William .......................................................................17
2.9.2
Persamaan Darcy Weisbach ....................................................................18
2.9.3
Persamaan De Chezy dengan Koef. Manning .........................................19
2.10 Hidrolika Jaringan Perpipaan .............................................................................20
2.11 Software Epanet 2.0 ...........................................................................................21
2.11.1 Tampilan Epanet ......................................................................................23
2.11.2 Objek Fisik ..............................................................................................25
BAB III METODOLOGI ................................................................................................36
3.1 Objek Penelitian ..................................................................................................36
3.2 Jenis Penelitian....................................................................................................36
3.3 Tahap Persiapan ..................................................................................................36
3.4 Kebutuhan Data ..................................................................................................37
3.4.1
Data Primer...............................................................................................37
3.4.2
Data Sekunder ..........................................................................................37
3.5 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ..................................................................................38
vi
Yogie Aprianto, 2014
Analisis Jaringan Distribusi Pada PDAM Tirta Raharja Untuk Pelayanan Di Komplek Galih Parwati Kec.
Baleendah Kab. Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.5.1
Survei Primer ............................................................................................38
3.5.2
Survei Sekunder ......................................................................................38
3.6 Teknik Pengolahan dan Penyajian Data .............................................................38
3.6.1
Tabulasi Data ...........................................................................................39
3.6.2
Data Naratif sebagai Data kualitatif Data ................................................39
3.7 Tahap Analisis ....................................................................................................39
3.7.1
Analisis Skema Jaringan .........................................................................39
3.7.2
Analisis Debit Air ....................................................................................39
3.7.3
Analisis Tekanan air ................................................................................40
3.8 Diagram Alir Penelitian ......................................................................................40
BAB IV ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN ...................................................................41
4.1 Analisis Skema Jaringan .....................................................................................41
4.1.1
Diameter Pipa ...........................................................................................41
4.1.2
Jenis Pipa ..................................................................................................41
4.1.3
Elevasi ......................................................................................................41
4.2 Analisis Debit Air ...............................................................................................42
4.3 Syarat Tekanan Air .............................................................................................42
4.4 Analisis Tekanan ................................................................................................43
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ...........................................................................61
5.1 Kesimpulan .........................................................................................................61
5.2 Saran ..................................................................................................................62
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................................63
LAMPIRAN......................................................................................................................64
vii
Yogie Aprianto, 2014
Analisis Jaringan Distribusi Pada PDAM Tirta Raharja Untuk Pelayanan Di Komplek Galih Parwati Kec.
Baleendah Kab. Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
TABEL 2.1
Kriteria Pemakaian Air Bersih ...................................................................8
TABEL 2.2
Kecepatan Aliran dan Tekanan pada Pipa ................................................11
TABEL 2.3
Nilai C Pada Rumus Hazen Williams ......................................................18
TABEL 2.4
Angka Kekasaran Bahan Pipa ..................................................................19
TABEL 2.5
Junction Property......................................................................................26
TABEL 2.6
Reservoir Property ....................................................................................27
TABEL 2.7
Tank Property ...........................................................................................29
TABEL 2.8
Pipa Property ............................................................................................31
TABEL 2.9
Pump Property ..........................................................................................33
TABEL 2.10 Valve Property ..........................................................................................35
TABEL 4.1
Data Operasional Tahun 2014 ..................................................................52
TABEL 4.2
Hasil Evaluasi Jaringan ............................................................................53
TABEL 4.3
Hasil Evaluasi Jaringan Simulasi ke 1 dan ke 2 .......................................60
viii
Yogie Aprianto, 2014
Analisis Jaringan Distribusi Pada PDAM Tirta Raharja Untuk Pelayanan Di Komplek Galih Parwati Kec.
Baleendah Kab. Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
GAMBAR 1.1
Peta Lokasi ..........................................................................................3
GAMBAR 2.1
Pola Distribusi ....................................................................................12
GAMBAR 2.2
Gate Valve ..........................................................................................13
GAMBAR 2.3
Globe Valve ........................................................................................13
GAMBAR 2.4
Swing Check Valve ............................................................................14
GAMBAR 2.5
Relieve Valve .....................................................................................14
GAMBAR 2.6
Altitude Valve ...................................................................................15
GAMBAR 2.7
Katup Penguras ..................................................................................15
GAMBAR 2.8
Meter Air ...........................................................................................16
GAMBAR 2.9
Sistem Pipa Seri .................................................................................16
GAMBAR 2.10
Sistem Pipa Paralel ............................................................................17
GAMBAR 2.11
Diagram Langkah Pengoperasian Epanet ..........................................21
GAMBAR 2.12
Tampilan Pada Software Epanet .......................................................24
GAMBAR 2.13
Komponen Fisik Pada Sistem Distribusi Air ....................................24
GAMBAR 2.14
Junction Editor ...................................................................................26
GAMBAR 2.15
Reservoir Editor .................................................................................27
GAMBAR 2.16
Tank Editor ........................................................................................29
GAMBAR 2.17
Pipa Editor .........................................................................................31
GAMBAR 2.18
Pump Editor .......................................................................................33
GAMBAR 2.19
Valve Editor ......................................................................................35
GAMBAR 3.1
Diagram Alir.......................................................................................40
GAMBAR 4.1
Grafik Distribusi Of Flow ..................................................................44
GAMBAR 4.2
Grafik Distribusi Of Head ..................................................................44
GAMBAR 4.3
Grafik Distribusi Of Pressure .............................................................45
ix
Yogie Aprianto, 2014
Analisis Jaringan Distribusi Pada PDAM Tirta Raharja Untuk Pelayanan Di Komplek Galih Parwati Kec.
Baleendah Kab. Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 01
Surat Penunjukan Dosen Pembimbing
Lampiran 02
Elevasi Jaringan Pipa
Lampiran 03
Debit Pada Setiap Node
Lampiran 04
Data Pemakaian Air Pelanggan
Lampiran 05
Skema Jaringan
Lampiran 06
Jaringan Distribusi Perpipaan
Lampiran 07
Aliran Air Pada Pipa
Lampiran 08
Standar Galian Pipa
x
Yogie Aprianto, 2014
Analisis Jaringan Distribusi Pada PDAM Tirta Raharja Untuk Pelayanan Di Komplek Galih Parwati Kec.
Baleendah Kab. Bandung
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu