03 Injury2 Road Traffic Accident Clinical

Injury: Road traffic injuries
Epidemiology
1. Anonymous On the road. The driver, vehicle and accident.
Department of Statistics, Malaysia. 2010;130-137.
http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Stats_Malaysia/f
les/MMS/2010/BI/10_On_the_Road.pdf
2. Ahmad R, Rahmat R, Hisamudin N, et al. Demographic and
clinical characteristics of red tag patients and their one-week
mortality rate from the emergency department of the Hospital
Universiti Sains Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public
Health 2009;40(6):1322-1330.
3. Azmani W, Mohamed Rusli A, Aziz Al-Suf I, et al. Pattern of
road traffic accident in Kelantan (1997-2003). Jurnal Kesihatan
Masyarakat 2004;10:13-15
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/4432/1/2004-02nizam.pdf.
4. Azmani W, Mohamed Rusli A, Aziz AI, et al. Pattern of road
traffic accidents in Kelantan. NCD Malaysia 2005;4(4):15
-17
http://www.dph.gov.my/ncd/bulletin/Oct_Dec05/05.Pattern
%20of%20road.pdf.
5. Haque MO. Measurement and dimension of road fatality in

Brunei. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2011;18(1):45-55.
6. Htay M. A profle of injuries in four villages in the Jasin District
of Malacca, Malaysia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2002;14(2):118122.
7. Kulanthayan S, See LG, Kaviyarasu Y, et al. Prevalence and
determinants of non-standard motorcycle safety helmets
amongst food delivery workers in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur.
Injury 2012;43(5):653-659.
8. Law TH, Radin Umar RS,

Wong

SV.

The

Malaysian

government's road accident death reduction target for year
2010. IATSS Research 2005;29(1):42-49
http://www.iatss.or.jp/common/pdf/en/publication/iatssresearch/29-1-06.pdf.


9. Moe H. Road traffic injuries among patients who attended the
Accident and Emergency Unit of the University of Malaya
Medical centre, kuala lumpur. JUMMEC 2008;11(1):22-26
http://jummec.um.edu.my/flebank/published_article/3228/JUM
MEC%202008%2011(1)%2022-26.pdf.
10.
Nik Rosmawati N, Manaf AH, Ahmad Zaki I, et al. Trends
of motorcyclist accidents in Kelantan between 1998-2003.
Jurnal Kesihatan Masyarakat 2004;10:25-30
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/4435/1/2004-02nizam.pdf.
11.
Nor Afah MZ, Hejar AR, Subramaniam K, Law TH.
Prevalence of motorcycle injuries among school students in
Selangor, Malaysia. 2005;.
12.
Noriszura I, Zatuliradah AK, Saiful HJ, Noriza M.
Frequency of admittance and probability of inpatient
treatment: experience of Emergency Department, Hospital
Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia. 2008

13.
Norlen M, Muhammad Fadhli MY, Wahida AB, Ilhamah O,
Iskandar A. Seatbelt Wearing Compliance Among Road Users
in Putrajaya. Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia: Malaysian Institute of
Road Safety Research (MIROS), 2010.
http://www.miros.gov.my/c/document_library/get_fle?
uuid=e65592ce-1dd7-4d51-af526804b48e790f&groupId=10124
14.
Pang TY, Radin Umar RS, Azhar AA, et al. Accident
characteristics of injured motorcyclists in Malaysia. Med J
Malaysia 2000;55(1):45-50
http://www.emjm.org/2000/v55n1/Accident_Characteristics.pdf.
15.
Yeap JS, Lee DJ, Fazir M, et al. The epidemiology of
shoulder dislocations in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2004;59
Suppl F:19-23.
16.
Zulkipli ZH, Abdul Rahmat AM, Mohd Faudzi SA, et al.
Motorcycle-related spinal injury: crash characteristics. Accid
Anal Prev 2012;49:237-244


Clinical
1. Adams-Guppy J, Guppy A. Truck driver fatigue risk assessment
and

management:

a

multinational

survey.

Ergonomics

2003;46(8):763-779.
2. Ahmad Hata R, Mohammad AW, Pan KL. The pattern of
femoral diaphyseal fractures in children admitted in Sarawak
General Hospital. Med J Malaysia 2006;61 Suppl A:79-82.
3. Asha'Ari ZA, Ahmad R, Rahman J, et al. Contrecoup injury in

patients with traumatic temporal bone fracture. J Laryngol Otol
2011;125(8):781-785.
4. Azhar H, Yahaya A, Wong SV. Child Helmet Efficacy for
Motorcycle Use in Malaysia. Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia:
Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), 2009.
http://www.miros.gov.my/c/document_library/get_fle?
uuid=6fe305a9-6660-4a91-be82fb0a8abc2138&groupId=26426
5. Azmani W, Mohamed Rusli A, Aziz AI, et al. Factors and road
traffic accidents during festive seasons in Kelantan. NCD
Malaysia 2005;4(3):24 -27
http://www.dph.gov.my/ncd/bulletin/July_Sept05/08.Factors
%20and%20Road.pdf.
6. Chan HC, Aasim WA, Abdullah NM, et al. Characteristics and
clinical predictors of minor head injury in children presenting
to two Malaysian accident and emergency departments.
Singapore Med J 2005;46(5):219-223
http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/4605/4605a3.pdf.
7. Chan HC, Adnan WA, Jaalam K, et al. Which mild head injured
patients should have follow-up after discharge from an
accident and emergency ward? A study in a university hospital

setting in Kelantan, Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med
Public Health 2005;36(4):982-993.

8. Davoodi SR, Hamid H, Arintono S, et al. Motorcyclist rear brake
simple perception-response times in rear-end collision
situations. Traffic Inj Prev 2011;12(2):174-179
9. Harnen S, Umar RS, Wong SV, et al. Predictive model for
motorcycle accidents at three-legged priority junctions. Traffic
Inj Prev 2003;4(4):363-369
10.
Hashim H, Iqbal S. Motorcycle accident is the main
cause of maxillofacial injuries in the Penang Mainland,
Malaysia. Dent Traumatol 2011;27(1):19-22.
11.
Hejar AR, Nor Afah MZ, Subramaniam K, Law TH. Car
occupants accidents and injuries among adolescents in a state
in Malaysia. Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for
Transportation Studies. 2005;5:1867-1874.
http://www.easts.info/on-line/proceedings_05/1867.pdf
12.

Ho CK, Yip KT, Eng JB, et al. Traumatic transection of
aorta.

Med

J

Malaysia

2001;56(3):374377http://www.emjm.org/2001/v56n3/Traumati
c_Transection_of_Aorta.pdf
13.
Hosseinpour M, Yahaya AS, Sadullah AF. Exploring the
effects of roadway characteristics on the frequency and
severity of head-on crashes: Case studies from Malaysian
Federal Roads. Accid Anal Prev 2013;62C:209-222.
14.
How CK, Megat Ahmad MMH, Radin Umar RS, et al.
Crash simulation of lower limb with motorcycle basket. Med J
Malaysia 2001;56(1):77-81

http://www.emjm.org/2001/v56n1/Lower_Extremity_Injuries.pdf.
15.
Hua LT, Noland RB, Evans AW. The direct and indirect
effects of corruption on motor vehicle crash deaths. Accid Anal
Prev 2010;42(6):1934-1942.
16.
Hussaini HM, Rahman

NA,

Rahman

RA,

et

al.

Maxillofacial trauma with emphasis on soft-tissue injuries in
Malaysia. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;36(9):797-801

17.
Ibitoye AB, Hamouda AM, Wong SV, et al. Simulation of
motorcycle crashes with w-beam guardrail: injury patterns and
analysis. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2009;223(8):1033-1040

18.

Ibitoye AB, Hamouda AM, Wong SV, et al. Simulation of

motorcycle crashes with w-beam guardrail: injury patterns and
analysis. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2009;223(8):1033-1040
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/6930586_Mode_choic
e_model_for_vulnerable_motorcyclists_in_Malaysia/fle/32bfe5
1467497c8f9a.pdf.
19.
Imran Y, Vishvanathan T. Does right leg require extra
protection? Five-year review of type 3 open fractures of the
tibia. Singapore Med J 2004;45(6):280-282
http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/4506/4506a4.pdf.
20.

Isa R, Wan Adnan WA, Ghazali G, et al. Outcome of
severe traumatic brain injury: comparison of three monitoring
approaches. Neurosurg Focus 2003;15(6):E1.
21.
Kareem A. Review of global menace of road accidents
with special reference to malaysia- a social perspective.
Malays J Med Sci 2003;10(2):31-39
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3561885/pdf/mj
ms-10-2-031.pdf.
22.
Khairil Anwar AK, Noor Faradila P. Review on Safety of
Pregnant

Occupant

Travelling

With

or


Without

Wearing

Seatbelt in a Passenger Vehicle. Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia:
Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), 2010.
http://www.miros.gov.my/c/document_library/get_fle?
uuid=7af5b734-a908-4bf2-8f3134dc858add71&groupId=10124
23.
Kulanthayan S, Musa AH, Radin Umar RS. Preventing car
traffic accidents by developing an effective car safety media
campaigns. International Medical Journal (IIUM) 2007;6(1)
http://www.e-imj.com/Vol6-No1/Vol6-No1-B1.htm.
24.
Law TH, Noland RB, Evans AW. Factors associated with
the enactment of safety belt and motorcycle helmet laws. Risk
Anal 2013;33(7):1367-1378.
25.
Leong BD, Chuah JA, Kumar VM, et al. Successful
endovascular

treatment

of

post-traumatic

inferior

pancreaticoduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm. Singapore Med J
2008;49(11):e300-2
http://smj.sma.org.sg/4911/4911cr2.pdf.

26.

Mawaddah A, Goh BS, Kew TY, et al. Isolated blunt

lingual artery injury secondary to a road traffic accident:
diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Malays J Med Sci
2012;19(2):77-81
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3431745/.
27.
Mohamed N, Mohd-Yusoff MF, Othman I, et al. Fatiguerelated crashes involving express buses in Malaysia: will the
proposed policy of banning the early-hour operation reduce
fatigue-related crashes and beneft overall road safety? Accid
Anal Prev 2012;45 Suppl:45-49.
28.
Mukundala VV, Lim HH. Traumatic posterior rotatory
fracture-dislocation of lumbo-sacral spine. Singapore Med J
2001;42(2):82-84
http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/4202/4202cr3.pdf.
29.
Nadesan K. Murder and robbery by vehicular impact:
true

vehicular

homicide.

Am

J

Forensic

Med

Pathol

2000;21(2):107-113.
30.
Ng CP, Law TH, Wong SV, et al. Factors related to
seatbelt-wearing among rear-seat passengers in Malaysia.
Accid Anal Prev 2013;50:351-360.
31.
Norlen M, Muhammad Fadhli MY, Ilhamah O, Zariri HZ,
Mohd Rasid O, Wong SV. An Impact Assessment of Banning
Wee-Hour Express Bus Operation. Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia:
Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), 2009.
http://www.miros.gov.my/html/themes/MIROS/MIROS_pdf/rese
arch_reports/MRR_10_2009.pdf
32.
Norlen M, Wahida AB, Nurul Kharmila A, Muhammad
Fadhli MY, Sharifah Allyana, Syed Mohamed Rahim, Mohd Shah
M. Alcohol and Drug Use Among Fatally Injured Drivers in
Urban Area of Kuala Lumpur. Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia:
Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), 2012.
http://www.miros.gov.my/c/document_library/get_fle?
uuid=9880dc00-47c8-4d06-8e91ded9f91922d9&groupId=10124
33.
Norlen M, Wong SV, Hizal HH, Ilhamah O. An Overview of
Road Traffic Injuries Among Children in Malaysia and Its

Implication on Road Traffic. Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia:
Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), 2011.
http://www.miros.gov.my/c/document_library/get_fle?
uuid=2da9e099-0795-4d68-abe74f183e182bbe&groupId=26426
34.
Norliza A, Hanafah MS. The role of parents in adolescent
motorcycle use. [Peranan ibu bapa dalam amalan remaja
menunggang motosikal.]. Malaysian Journal of Public Health
Medicine

2002;2(2):47-51

http://www.mjphm.org.my/mjphm/journals/Volume
%202%20(2)%20:%202002/47-51.pdf
35.
Normastura AR, Roszalina R, Roslan AR, et al. Facial
trauma in geriatric patients in a selected Malaysian hospital.
Geriatr Gerontol Int 2010;10(1):64-69.
36.
Ohakwe J, Iwueze IS, Chikezie DC. Analysis of road traffic
accidents in Nigeria: A case study of Obinze/Nekede/Iheagwa
road in Imo State, Southeastern, Nigeria. Asian Journal of
Applied

Sciences

2011;4(2):166-

175http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.084860187409&partnerID=40&md5=ab78c5306ad6ecd39af6b
60542dcf320
37.
Ooi SS, Wong SV, Radin Umar RS, et al. Mechanisms of
cervical spine injuries for non-fatal motorcycle road crash. Med
J Malaysia 2004;59(2):146-152
http://www.e-mjm.org/2004/v59n2/Cervical_Spine_Iniuries.pdf.
38.
Ooi SS, Wong SV, Yeap JS, et al. Relationship between
cervical spine injury and helmet use in motorcycle road
crashes. Asia Pac J Public Health 2011;23(4):608-619.
39.
Pan KL, Masbah O, Razak M. Rare combination of seven
fractures in the same forearm and wrist. Med J Malaysia
2000;55(2):268-270
http://www.e-mjm.org/2000/v55n2/Seven_Fractures.pdf.
40.
Pang KP, Yung SW, Lee TS, et al. Bipolar clavicular injury.
Med J Malaysia 2003;58(4):621-624
http://www.emjm.org/2003/v58n4/Bipolar_Clavicular_Injury.pdf.

41.

Pang TY, Umar RS, Harwant S. Vulnerability of the lower

limb in non-fatal motorcycle injuries. Med J Malaysia 2001;56
Suppl D:9-11
42.
Pour MH, Prasetijo J, Yahaya AS, et al. A comparative
study of count models: application to pedestrian-vehicle
crashes

along

Malaysia

federal

roads.

Traffic

Inj

Prev

2013;14(6):630-638.
43.
Radin Umar RS. Motorcycle safety programmes in
Malaysia: how effective are they? Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot
2006;13(2):71-79.
44.
Ramli R, Abdul Rahman R, Abdul Rahman N, et al.
Pattern of maxillofacial injuries in motorcyclists in Malaysia. J
Craniofac Surg 2008;19(2):316-321.
45.
Rohayu S, Sharifah Allyana, Syed Mohamed Rahim,
Jamilah MM, Wong SV. Predicting Malaysian Road Fatalities for
Year 2020. Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia: Malaysian Institute of
Road

Safety

Research

(MIROS),

2012.

http://www.miros.gov.my/c/document_library/get_fle?
uuid=9880dc00
46.
Rohayu SA, Shahrom AW, Siew SF, et al. Freak drowning
in a case of motor vehicle accident. Malaysian Journal of
Forensic Pathology & Science 2007;2(2):98-106
http://forensiknet.com/journal/Vol.2_June_2007.pdf;.
47.
Roslan AR, Roszalina R, Normastura AR,

et

al.

Maxillofacial trauma of pediatric patients in Malaysia: a
retrospective study from 1999 to 2001 in three hospitals. Int J
Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2007;71(6):929-936.
48.
Roszalina R, Normastura AR, Roslan AR, et al. A
retrospective study of oral and maxillofacial injuries in
Seremban Hospital, Malaysia. Dent Traumatol 2011;27(2):122126
49.

Royan SJ, Hamid AL, Kovilpillai FJ, et al. A prospective

study on elderly patients with facial fractures in a developing
country. Gerodontology 2008;25(2):124-128.

50.

Sahayadhas A, Sundaraj K, Murugappan M. Drowsiness

detection during different times of day using multiple features.
Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 2013;36(2):243-250.
51.
Saifzul AA, Yamanaka H, Karim MR. Empirical analysis of
gross vehicle weight and free flow speed and consideration on
its relation with differential speed limit. Accid Anal Prev
2011;43(3):1068-1073.
52.
Soltani M, Moghaddam TB, Karim MR, et al. Analysis of
developed transition road safety barrier systems. Accid Anal
Prev 2013;59C:240-252.
53.
Sow YL, Aziz NA, Ng KL. Thyroid rupture secondary to
blunt neck trauma. Am J Emerg Med 2013;31(4):760.e3760.e5
54.
Tan KW. Motorcycle safety in Malaysia, Dissertation,
Bachelor

of

Civil

Engineering,

University

of

Southern

Queensland, Australia. 2004.
http://eprints.usq.edu.au/89/1/KokWeiTan-2004.pdf.pdf
55.
Tran NT, Hyder AA, Kulanthayan S, et al. Engaging policy
makers in road safety research in Malaysia: a theoretical and
contextual analysis. Health Policy 2009;90(1):58-65.
56.
Yaacob WFW, Husm WZW, Aziz NA, et al. An intervention
model of road accidents: The case of OPS Sikap intervention.
Journal of Applied Sciences 2011;11(7):1105-1112
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.079953326784&partnerID=40&md5=f11578d28d31871022154
f3bd09764bf.
57.
Yaacob WFW, Lazim MA, Wah YB. Applying fxed effects
panel count model to examine road accident occurrence.
Journal

of

Applied

Sciences

2011;11(7):1185-

http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2s2.079953304961&partnerID=40&md5=c7d841bc0e81e59b0
0b73183a3fca52b.
58.
Yong CK. Chronic posterolateral rotatory instability of the
knee. Med J Malaysia 2006;61 Suppl B:27-31.
59.
Yusoff MF, Baki MM, Mohamed N, et al. Obstructive sleep
apnea among express bus drivers in Malaysia: important
indicators for screening. Traffic Inj Prev 2010;11(6):594-599.

60.

Zainal Ariffin O. Achieving good clinical control for

chronic

non-communicable

diseases.

NCD

2005;4(4):2

Malaysia
-2

http://www.dph.gov.my/ncd/bulletin/Oct_Dec05/05.Pattern
%20of%20road
61.
Zarir Hafz Z, Siti Atiqah MF, Norlen M. Spinal injuries in
a level-one trauma centre: a demographic study. 2012I RCOBI
Conference Proceedings 2012.
http://www.ircobi.org/downloads/irc12/pdf_fles/13.pdf
62.
Zarir Hafz Z, Abdul Rahmat AM, Noor Faradila P, Wong
SV. Spinal Injuries Among Motorcyclists in Road Traffic
Collisions: Literature Review. Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia:
Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS), 2010.
http://www.miros.gov.my/c/document_library/get_fle?
uuid=a347c173-9001-418a-a72cd662c669b15a&groupId=10124
63.
Zulhaidi MJ, Mohd Hafzi MI, Rohayu S, Wong SV, Ahmad
Farhan MS. Weather as a Road Safety Hazard – An Overview.
Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia: Malaysian Institute of Road Safety
Research (MIROS), 2010.
http://www.miros.gov.my/c/document_library/get_fle?
uuid=9880dc00-47c8-4d06-8e91ded9f91922d9&groupId=10124
Behavioral science
1. Al-Naggar RA, Karim A. Knowledge, attitude and practice
towards road traffic regulations among university students,
Malaysia. International Medical Journal (IIUM) 2010;9(2):29-34
http://iiumedic.net/imjm/v1/download/Volume%2009%20No
%202/IMJMVol9No2_2010_Pg29-34.pdf
Machinery/Device
1. Azian AA, Nurulazman AA, Shuaib L, et al. Computed
tomography of the brain in predicting outcome of traumatic

intracranial haemorrhage in Malaysian patients. Acta
Neurochir (Wien) 2001;143(7):711-720.
2. Sahayadhas A, Sundaraj K, Murugappan M. Detecting driver
drowsiness based on sensors: a review. Sensors (Basel)
2012;12(12):16937-16953.
Health management
1. Hyder AA, Merritt M, Ali J, et al. Integrating ethics, health
policy

and

health

systems

in

low-

and

middle-income

countries: case studies from Malaysia and Pakistan. Bull World
Health Organ 2008;86(8):606-611
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/8/08-051110.pdf
2. Hyder AA, Waters H, Phillips T, et al. Exploring the economics
of motorcycle helmet laws--implications for low and middleincome countries. Asia Pac J Public Health 2007;19(2):16-22.
3. Law TH, Umar RS, Zulkaurnain S, et al. Impact of the effect of
economic crisis and the targeted motorcycle safety
programme on motorcycle-related accidents, injuries and
fatalities in Malaysia. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2005;12(1):921.
4. Mohd Fauzi MY, Nor Ghani MN, Radin Umar RS, et al. The value
of life and accident costing: a willingness-to-pay study
amongst motorcyclists in Malaysia. Appl Health Econ Health
Policy 2004;3(1):5-8.
Case report
1. Cheong ML, Chan CY, Saw LB, et al. Pneumocranium
secondary to halo vest pin penetration through an enlarged
frontal sinus. Eur Spine J 2009;18 Suppl 2:269-271.
2. Chew KS, Amin NM. Handlebar herniation: a case of near
missed abdominal injury. Med J Malaysia 2009;64(2):170-171.
3. Halim AS, Yusof I. Composite vascularised osteocutaneous
fbula and sural nerve graft for severe open tibial fracture-functional outcome at one year: a case report. J Orthop Surg
(Hong Kong) 2004;12(1):110-113.

4. Nizlan MN, Suhail A, Samsudin OC, et al. An unusual
radiographic

presentation

of

posterior

cruciate

ligament

avulsion fracture. Med J Malaysia 2004;59 Suppl F:65-68.
5. Sreetharan SS, Prepageran N, Satwant S. Unusual migratory
foreign body in the neck. Singapore Med J 2004;45(10):487488
http://www.sma.org.sg/smj/4510/4510cr1.pdf.