The Effects Of Trauma Found In Toni Morrison’s Song Of Solomon
THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI
MORRISON’S SONG OF SOLOMON
A THESIS
BY:
BALQIS ASTHARINI
REG. NO. 100705048
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND
MORRISON’S SONG OF SOLOMON
IN
TONI
A THESIS
BY:
BALQIS ASTHARINI
REG. NO. 100705048
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S SONG OF SOLOMON
A THESIS
BY:
BALQIS ASTHARINI
REG. NO. 100705048
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara Medan in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of
English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. MuhizarMuchtar, MS.
RahmadsyahRangkuti, MA. Ph.D
NIP. 19541117198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on
February, 08, 2017
Dean of Faculty Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S
NIP. 19600805 198703 001
Board of Examiners
(Signature)
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
(
)
RahmadsyahRangkuti, MA. Ph.D
(
)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, BALQIS ASTHARINI, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE
OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE
QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S
WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE
MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR
THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed
:
Date
: February 8th, 2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: BALQIS ASTHARINI
TITLE OF THESIS : THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S
SONG OF SOLOMON
QUALIFICATION : S-1/ SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
I
AM
: ENGLISH
WILLING
THAT
MY
THESIS
SHOULD
BE
AVAILABLE
FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT
OF
ENGLISH,
FACULTY
OF
CULTURAL
STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY
OF
SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE
AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF
INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
: February 8th, 2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, In the name of Allah SWT, the writer would like to say Alhamdulillah. For
His blessing, guidance, the power, the chance, all praises are to Allah SWT so that the wr iter
can accomplish this thesis. In addition, may Peace and Salutation be given to the prophet
Muhammad who has taken all human being from the Darkness to the Lightness.
Then, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and aprreciation to those who have helped me
in accomplishing my thesis, they are :
1. My beloved parents, alm.Asnawi Thaib and Irma Nurmasari who have dedicated their
life for me. Thank you for loving, supporting and giving everything to me.
2. The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University Sumatera Utara, Dr. Drs. Budi
Agustono, MS,the Head of English Department Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S and
Secretary, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph.D
3. Drs.Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum as my supervisor and Siamir Marulafau M.Hum as my
co-supervisor who have helped me in doing my thesis by supervising me, giving a
valuable ideas, spending much time, enhancing my spirit and having much contribution in
accomplishing my thesis.
4. All of the lecturers of English Departmentwho have given me much knowledge and
experience as long as I was studying in English Department.
Medan, 8 February 2017
Balqis Astharini
100705048
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S
SONG OF SOLOMON. Skripsi ini membahas tentang efek-efek yang muncul dari trauma
yang dihadapi oleh empat tokoh utama. Teori yang digunakan dalam menganalisa efek-efek
dari trauma tersebut adalah teori pendekatan historis dan psikologis. Teori pendekatan historis
yaitu pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam kerangka pelacakan sejarah yang berhubungan
dengan saat sebuah karya sastra dihasilkan. Pendekatan ini sangat membantu penulis untuk
mengetahui dan memahami kondisi perbudakan yang terjadi. Selain teori pendekatan historis,
penulis juga menggunakan teori pendekatan psikolgi. Teori ini membantu penulis untuk
mengetahui dan memahami efek psikologi yang ditimbulkan oleh trauma. Metode yang
digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dimana data dalam skripsi ini berupa paparan bahasa
yang mengandung pikiran, sikap, dan perilaku keempat tokoh utama dalam bentuk dialog
serta narasi. Dari analisa yang dilakukan didapat temuan bahwa trauma yang dialami oleh
keempat tokoh utama mempengaruhi kehidupan dan lingkungan mereka. Temuan lainnya
adalah tidak semua tokoh utama dapat mengatasi efek dari trauma yang mereka hadapi
dikarenakan oleh kurangnya dukungan dari orang sekitarnya.
Kata kunci : trauma, efek trauma
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S
SONG OF SOLOMON discusses about the effects of trauma experienced by the major
characters. The theories used in analyzing the novel are historical and psychological
approach. Historical approach is one of the method to analyze literary work in which the
author and the reader comprehend the message of the literary work by remembering the
moment or historic moment a long with the literary work written. The psychological approach
leads most directly to a substantial amplification of the meaning of a literary work.
Descriptive method will be used in analyzing the data. The purpose of descriptive method is
as a comprehensive summarization in everyday terms of specific events experienced by
individuals or groups. From the analysis, it was found that the trauma experienced by the four
major characters affect their life as well as their environment. It was also found that not all
characters are able to cope the effect of trauma due to the lack of support from the people
surrounding.
Key words : trauma, effects of trauma
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ..........................................1
1.2 Problem of the Study ................................................4
1.3 Objective of the Study ..............................................4
1.4 Scope of the Study.....................................................4
1.5 Significance of the Study...........................................5
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Novel .........................................................................7
2.2 Theme.................................................................... ....8
2.3 Psychological Approach...........................................11
2.4 Historical Approach..................................................15
2.5 Trauma......................................................................16
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Method ....................................................22
3.2 Source of Data ........................................................23
3.3 Data Collection........................................................23
3.4 Data Analysis ..........................................................25
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Analysis .................................................................26
4.2 Finding ..................................................................72
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion .............................................................73
5.2 Suggestion ............................................................
REFERENCES ............................................................................................78
APPENDIX ..................................................................................................
Universitas Sumatera Utara
MORRISON’S SONG OF SOLOMON
A THESIS
BY:
BALQIS ASTHARINI
REG. NO. 100705048
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND
MORRISON’S SONG OF SOLOMON
IN
TONI
A THESIS
BY:
BALQIS ASTHARINI
REG. NO. 100705048
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S SONG OF SOLOMON
A THESIS
BY:
BALQIS ASTHARINI
REG. NO. 100705048
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara Medan in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of
English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. MuhizarMuchtar, MS.
RahmadsyahRangkuti, MA. Ph.D
NIP. 19541117198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on
February, 08, 2017
Dean of Faculty Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S
NIP. 19600805 198703 001
Board of Examiners
(Signature)
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
(
)
RahmadsyahRangkuti, MA. Ph.D
(
)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, BALQIS ASTHARINI, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE
OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE
QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S
WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE
MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR
THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed
:
Date
: February 8th, 2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: BALQIS ASTHARINI
TITLE OF THESIS : THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S
SONG OF SOLOMON
QUALIFICATION : S-1/ SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
I
AM
: ENGLISH
WILLING
THAT
MY
THESIS
SHOULD
BE
AVAILABLE
FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT
OF
ENGLISH,
FACULTY
OF
CULTURAL
STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY
OF
SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE
AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF
INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
: February 8th, 2017
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, In the name of Allah SWT, the writer would like to say Alhamdulillah. For
His blessing, guidance, the power, the chance, all praises are to Allah SWT so that the wr iter
can accomplish this thesis. In addition, may Peace and Salutation be given to the prophet
Muhammad who has taken all human being from the Darkness to the Lightness.
Then, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and aprreciation to those who have helped me
in accomplishing my thesis, they are :
1. My beloved parents, alm.Asnawi Thaib and Irma Nurmasari who have dedicated their
life for me. Thank you for loving, supporting and giving everything to me.
2. The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University Sumatera Utara, Dr. Drs. Budi
Agustono, MS,the Head of English Department Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S and
Secretary, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph.D
3. Drs.Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum as my supervisor and Siamir Marulafau M.Hum as my
co-supervisor who have helped me in doing my thesis by supervising me, giving a
valuable ideas, spending much time, enhancing my spirit and having much contribution in
accomplishing my thesis.
4. All of the lecturers of English Departmentwho have given me much knowledge and
experience as long as I was studying in English Department.
Medan, 8 February 2017
Balqis Astharini
100705048
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S
SONG OF SOLOMON. Skripsi ini membahas tentang efek-efek yang muncul dari trauma
yang dihadapi oleh empat tokoh utama. Teori yang digunakan dalam menganalisa efek-efek
dari trauma tersebut adalah teori pendekatan historis dan psikologis. Teori pendekatan historis
yaitu pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam kerangka pelacakan sejarah yang berhubungan
dengan saat sebuah karya sastra dihasilkan. Pendekatan ini sangat membantu penulis untuk
mengetahui dan memahami kondisi perbudakan yang terjadi. Selain teori pendekatan historis,
penulis juga menggunakan teori pendekatan psikolgi. Teori ini membantu penulis untuk
mengetahui dan memahami efek psikologi yang ditimbulkan oleh trauma. Metode yang
digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dimana data dalam skripsi ini berupa paparan bahasa
yang mengandung pikiran, sikap, dan perilaku keempat tokoh utama dalam bentuk dialog
serta narasi. Dari analisa yang dilakukan didapat temuan bahwa trauma yang dialami oleh
keempat tokoh utama mempengaruhi kehidupan dan lingkungan mereka. Temuan lainnya
adalah tidak semua tokoh utama dapat mengatasi efek dari trauma yang mereka hadapi
dikarenakan oleh kurangnya dukungan dari orang sekitarnya.
Kata kunci : trauma, efek trauma
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S
SONG OF SOLOMON discusses about the effects of trauma experienced by the major
characters. The theories used in analyzing the novel are historical and psychological
approach. Historical approach is one of the method to analyze literary work in which the
author and the reader comprehend the message of the literary work by remembering the
moment or historic moment a long with the literary work written. The psychological approach
leads most directly to a substantial amplification of the meaning of a literary work.
Descriptive method will be used in analyzing the data. The purpose of descriptive method is
as a comprehensive summarization in everyday terms of specific events experienced by
individuals or groups. From the analysis, it was found that the trauma experienced by the four
major characters affect their life as well as their environment. It was also found that not all
characters are able to cope the effect of trauma due to the lack of support from the people
surrounding.
Key words : trauma, effects of trauma
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ..........................................1
1.2 Problem of the Study ................................................4
1.3 Objective of the Study ..............................................4
1.4 Scope of the Study.....................................................4
1.5 Significance of the Study...........................................5
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Novel .........................................................................7
2.2 Theme.................................................................... ....8
2.3 Psychological Approach...........................................11
2.4 Historical Approach..................................................15
2.5 Trauma......................................................................16
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Method ....................................................22
3.2 Source of Data ........................................................23
3.3 Data Collection........................................................23
3.4 Data Analysis ..........................................................25
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Analysis .................................................................26
4.2 Finding ..................................................................72
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion .............................................................73
5.2 Suggestion ............................................................
REFERENCES ............................................................................................78
APPENDIX ..................................................................................................
Universitas Sumatera Utara