Sintesis Bahan Piezoelektrik Ramah Lingkungan Berbasis Bi0,5 Na0,5 TiO3 Menggunakan Metode Solid State Reaction Dengan Penambahan Dopan Ta2O5
LAMPIRAN A
BAHAN-BAHAN PENELITIAN
Bi2O3
Na2CO3
TiO2
Ta2O5
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LAMPIRAN C
DATA PENELITIAN MENGGUNAKAN XRD
a) Bi2O3
Jarak antar bidang (d) dan pergeseran sudut 2
dari eksperimen dan
Hanawalt 41-1449.
Eksperimen
βθ
Eksperimen
16.1
17
19.44
17
21.56
18
24.38
26
25.64
67
27.14
156
27.24
279
27.1
88
32.26
15
33.04
159
33.06
146
33.14
114
33.16
110
35.04
15
35.06
22
35.44
9
35.9
14
36.92
13
37.58
34
40.54
3
41.64
8
41.88
5
42.36
15
44.38
5
45.16
12
45.46
5
46.26
76
46.3
48
47.34
14
47.36
10
47.58
8
48.52
18
48.54
17
48.64
10
Hanawalt 41-1449
βθ
16.78
19.712
21.722
24.557
25.757
26.922
27.377
28
32.484
33.039
33.039
33.241
33.941
35.042
35.042
35.406
35.906
36.962
37.595
40.053
41.461
41.884
42.353
44.293
45.117
45.466
46.305
46.991
47.431
47.431
47.576
48.397
48.397
48.576
JCPDS
2.82
5.64
8.46
2.82
11.28
112.8
282
28.2
28.2
126.9
126.9
84.6
8.46
70.5
70.5
50.76
5.64
28.2
16.92
8.46
14.1
11.28
50.76
5.64
39.48
2.82
126.9
5.64
2.82
2.82
8.46
19.74
19.74
39.48
Universitas Sumatera Utara
49.5
49.52
49.34
50
50.7
51.48
52.26
52.16
54.72
54.66
55.2
55.16
57.64
57.58
57.6
58.02
58.56
58.58
9
9
26
12
6
31
69
41
48
36
25
11
21
20
13
18
5
5
49.436
49.436
49.957
51.302
51.635
51.704
51.919
52.373
52.997
54.771
55.436
55.905
56.477
57.754
57.866
58.266
58.563
58.569
19.74
19.74
2.82
14.1
5.64
25.38
22.56
126.9
31.02
33.84
28.2
8.46
2.82
14.1
28.2
25.38
2.82
25.38
b) Na2CO3
Jarak antar bidang (d) dan pergeseran sudut 2
dari eksperimen dan
Hanawalt 19-1130.
Eksperimen
βθ
Eksperimen
14.96
21
19.86
10
22.78
7
23.58
5
26.34
62
27.92
69
30.48
713
30.5
655
30.52
524
33.08
31
33.1
28
34.84
169
34.86
149
34.88
125
35.52
199
35.54
177
35.56
169
36.54
37
36.56
31
Hanawalt 19-1130
βθ
JCPDS
14.952
28.52
19.756
14.26
22.783
28.52
23.579
42.78
26.033
114.08
27.593
142.6
30.147
641.7
30.462
28.52
30.971
14.26
33.014
142.6
33.077
128.34
34.195
427.8
34.521
320.85
34.659
71.3
35.235
713
35.714
14.26
35.906
14.26
36.587
28.52
36.852
28.52
Universitas Sumatera Utara
37.58
38.32
38.34
38.36
38.38
39.92
40.26
41.64
41.66
41.7
41.84
42.38
42.64
42.8
43.24
43.88
44.74
44.94
46.42
46.7
46.8
47.16
48.44
49.34
50.86
51.16
52.56
53.3
53.48
53.86
53.94
54.38
54.54
54.82
55.42
55.76
56.28
56.58
56.7
58.28
58.5
59.22
59.48
60.12
15
400
299
306
299
30
177
114
104
132
92
14
36
20
20
12
62
31
30
104
71
23
90
22
12
20
16
25
29
61
46
28
32
50
14
23
23
42
29
21
32
52
20
13
37.506
38.016
38.15
38.592
38.975
39.966
40.114
41.127
41.344
41.503
41.988
42.38
42.632
42.801
43.253
43.893
44.507
44.738
46.308
46.534
46.865
47.071
48.266
49.268
50.824
51.16
52.551
53.177
53.445
53.58
53.955
54.37
54.51
54.651
55.403
55.768
56.289
56.553
57.089
58.274
58.477
59.011
59.471
60.11
57.04
677.35
142.6
57.04
14.26
356.5
28.52
285.2
57.04
463.45
14.26
57.04
28.52
14.26
14.26
14.26
128.34
14.26
71.3
249.55
14.26
42.78
249.55
28.52
42.78
14.26
14.26
14.26
28.52
128.34
14.26
28.52
28.52
114.08
57.04
14.26
71.3
14.26
42.78
14.26
57.04
71.3
14.26
14.26
Universitas Sumatera Utara
60.52
60.74
61.88
18
23
17
60.501
60.72
61.889
42.78
42.78
42.78
c) TiO2
Jarak antar bidang (d) dan pergeseran sudut 2
dari eksperimen dan
Hanawalt 21-1272.
Eksperimen
βθ
Eksperimen
25.4
635
37
25
37.84
96
38.02
35
48.1
169
53.94
108
55.08
88
62.1
18
62.7
18
68.74
22
70.24
20
75.02
44
75.28
36
Hanawalt 21-1272
βθ
JCPDS
25.281
635
36.946
63.5
37.8
127
38.575
63.5
48.049
222.25
53.89
127
55.06
127
62.119
25.4
62.688
88.9
68.76
38.1
70.309
38.1
75.029
63.5
76.017
25.4
Universitas Sumatera Utara
d) Ta2O5
Jarak antar bidang (d) dan pergeseran sudut 2
dari eksperimen dan
Hanawalt 25-0922.
Eksperimen
βθ
Eksperimen
16.75
96
17.75
75
22.85
1366
26.7
136
28.3
2221
28.5
658
28.85
1123
28.95
833
29
532
30.25
68
31.4
86
32.85
86
32.85
86
35.3
112
36.75
1138
37.05
482
37.15
743
38.25
67
40.45
63
41.45
52
42.95
57
44.45
117
44.8
150
44.85
161
45.1
103
45.25
82
46.65
355
49.35
106
49.75
473
49.75
473
50.05
142
50.599
195
50.799
320
50.849
278
51.199
103
51.399
87
51.849
135
Hanawalt 25-0922
βθ
JCPDS
16.791
44.42
17.597
22.21
22.92
1887.85
26.392
111.05
28.313
2221
28.507
88.84
28.818
888.84
28.894
88.84
29.019
44.22
30.287
44.22
31.096
44.22
32.842
66.63
33.97
66.63
35.208
88.84
36.695
1665.75
37.103
777.35
37.167
88.84
38.266
44.42
40.373
44.42
41.359
44.42
42.966
66.63
44.361
44.42
44.637
111.05
44.776
133.26
45.176
88.84
45.296
66.63
46.726
555.25
49.225
66.63
49.596
111.05
49.77
377.57
50.003
66.63
50.506
88.84
50.747
399.78
50.838
88.84
51.204
66.63
51.328
44.42
51.954
66.63
Universitas Sumatera Utara
54.449
55.349
55.449
55.499
55.599
55.649
56.349
56.399
56.449
57.349
58.499
59.699
59.749
59.799
61.849
62.699
62.799
63.549
63.649
64.449
64.799
64.849
64.999
66.349
66.399
66.749
67.75
70.55
70.6
71.4
72.45
73.05
45
419
661
701
559
478
220
209
219
126
185
120
130
136
111
84
97
138
180
70
107
117
110
66
67
105
103
149
162
109
57
63
54.453
55.306
55.488
55.524
55.817
55.854
56.338
56.376
56.679
57.529
58.569
59.693
59.735
59.863
61.67
62.735
62.782
63.548
63.694
64.484
64.785
64.836
64.988
66.393
66.393
66.714
67.754
70.543
70.665
71.467
72.417
73.001
22.21
155.47
666.3
777.35
333.15
199.89
266.52
177.68
44.42
44.42
199.89
88.84
88.84
66.63
44.42
66.63
66.63
44.42
222.1
22.21
66.63
66.63
22.21
22.21
66.63
44.42
66.63
66.63
133.26
155.47
66.63
88.84
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LAMPIRAN D
DATA PENELITIAN MENGGUNAKAN JCPDS
a) Bahan Dasar Bi2O3 Data JCPDS (41-1449)
b) Bahan Dasar Na2CO3 Data JCPDS (19-1130)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
c) Bahan Dasar TiO2 Data JCPDS (21-1272)
d) Bahan Dasar Ta2O5 Data JCPDS (25-0922)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LAMPIRAN E
Menghitung Parameter Kisi dari BNT- Ta2O5
Gambar Indeks Miller (sumber : Xiujie Yi, 2005)
Struktur Rhombohedral
Dengan menggunakan rumus:
c
c
c
c
BNT- Ta2O5 0%
d untuk bidang (110) = 2.7557
c
d untuk bidang (111) = 1.9462
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Universitas Sumatera Utara
c
Subtitusi persamaan (1) ke (2)
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
= -0.06743
c
c
c
Menggunakan rumus abc:
√
c
c
√
√
Arc cos (-0.06743)
Sehingga:
Universitas Sumatera Utara
BAHAN-BAHAN PENELITIAN
Bi2O3
Na2CO3
TiO2
Ta2O5
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LAMPIRAN C
DATA PENELITIAN MENGGUNAKAN XRD
a) Bi2O3
Jarak antar bidang (d) dan pergeseran sudut 2
dari eksperimen dan
Hanawalt 41-1449.
Eksperimen
βθ
Eksperimen
16.1
17
19.44
17
21.56
18
24.38
26
25.64
67
27.14
156
27.24
279
27.1
88
32.26
15
33.04
159
33.06
146
33.14
114
33.16
110
35.04
15
35.06
22
35.44
9
35.9
14
36.92
13
37.58
34
40.54
3
41.64
8
41.88
5
42.36
15
44.38
5
45.16
12
45.46
5
46.26
76
46.3
48
47.34
14
47.36
10
47.58
8
48.52
18
48.54
17
48.64
10
Hanawalt 41-1449
βθ
16.78
19.712
21.722
24.557
25.757
26.922
27.377
28
32.484
33.039
33.039
33.241
33.941
35.042
35.042
35.406
35.906
36.962
37.595
40.053
41.461
41.884
42.353
44.293
45.117
45.466
46.305
46.991
47.431
47.431
47.576
48.397
48.397
48.576
JCPDS
2.82
5.64
8.46
2.82
11.28
112.8
282
28.2
28.2
126.9
126.9
84.6
8.46
70.5
70.5
50.76
5.64
28.2
16.92
8.46
14.1
11.28
50.76
5.64
39.48
2.82
126.9
5.64
2.82
2.82
8.46
19.74
19.74
39.48
Universitas Sumatera Utara
49.5
49.52
49.34
50
50.7
51.48
52.26
52.16
54.72
54.66
55.2
55.16
57.64
57.58
57.6
58.02
58.56
58.58
9
9
26
12
6
31
69
41
48
36
25
11
21
20
13
18
5
5
49.436
49.436
49.957
51.302
51.635
51.704
51.919
52.373
52.997
54.771
55.436
55.905
56.477
57.754
57.866
58.266
58.563
58.569
19.74
19.74
2.82
14.1
5.64
25.38
22.56
126.9
31.02
33.84
28.2
8.46
2.82
14.1
28.2
25.38
2.82
25.38
b) Na2CO3
Jarak antar bidang (d) dan pergeseran sudut 2
dari eksperimen dan
Hanawalt 19-1130.
Eksperimen
βθ
Eksperimen
14.96
21
19.86
10
22.78
7
23.58
5
26.34
62
27.92
69
30.48
713
30.5
655
30.52
524
33.08
31
33.1
28
34.84
169
34.86
149
34.88
125
35.52
199
35.54
177
35.56
169
36.54
37
36.56
31
Hanawalt 19-1130
βθ
JCPDS
14.952
28.52
19.756
14.26
22.783
28.52
23.579
42.78
26.033
114.08
27.593
142.6
30.147
641.7
30.462
28.52
30.971
14.26
33.014
142.6
33.077
128.34
34.195
427.8
34.521
320.85
34.659
71.3
35.235
713
35.714
14.26
35.906
14.26
36.587
28.52
36.852
28.52
Universitas Sumatera Utara
37.58
38.32
38.34
38.36
38.38
39.92
40.26
41.64
41.66
41.7
41.84
42.38
42.64
42.8
43.24
43.88
44.74
44.94
46.42
46.7
46.8
47.16
48.44
49.34
50.86
51.16
52.56
53.3
53.48
53.86
53.94
54.38
54.54
54.82
55.42
55.76
56.28
56.58
56.7
58.28
58.5
59.22
59.48
60.12
15
400
299
306
299
30
177
114
104
132
92
14
36
20
20
12
62
31
30
104
71
23
90
22
12
20
16
25
29
61
46
28
32
50
14
23
23
42
29
21
32
52
20
13
37.506
38.016
38.15
38.592
38.975
39.966
40.114
41.127
41.344
41.503
41.988
42.38
42.632
42.801
43.253
43.893
44.507
44.738
46.308
46.534
46.865
47.071
48.266
49.268
50.824
51.16
52.551
53.177
53.445
53.58
53.955
54.37
54.51
54.651
55.403
55.768
56.289
56.553
57.089
58.274
58.477
59.011
59.471
60.11
57.04
677.35
142.6
57.04
14.26
356.5
28.52
285.2
57.04
463.45
14.26
57.04
28.52
14.26
14.26
14.26
128.34
14.26
71.3
249.55
14.26
42.78
249.55
28.52
42.78
14.26
14.26
14.26
28.52
128.34
14.26
28.52
28.52
114.08
57.04
14.26
71.3
14.26
42.78
14.26
57.04
71.3
14.26
14.26
Universitas Sumatera Utara
60.52
60.74
61.88
18
23
17
60.501
60.72
61.889
42.78
42.78
42.78
c) TiO2
Jarak antar bidang (d) dan pergeseran sudut 2
dari eksperimen dan
Hanawalt 21-1272.
Eksperimen
βθ
Eksperimen
25.4
635
37
25
37.84
96
38.02
35
48.1
169
53.94
108
55.08
88
62.1
18
62.7
18
68.74
22
70.24
20
75.02
44
75.28
36
Hanawalt 21-1272
βθ
JCPDS
25.281
635
36.946
63.5
37.8
127
38.575
63.5
48.049
222.25
53.89
127
55.06
127
62.119
25.4
62.688
88.9
68.76
38.1
70.309
38.1
75.029
63.5
76.017
25.4
Universitas Sumatera Utara
d) Ta2O5
Jarak antar bidang (d) dan pergeseran sudut 2
dari eksperimen dan
Hanawalt 25-0922.
Eksperimen
βθ
Eksperimen
16.75
96
17.75
75
22.85
1366
26.7
136
28.3
2221
28.5
658
28.85
1123
28.95
833
29
532
30.25
68
31.4
86
32.85
86
32.85
86
35.3
112
36.75
1138
37.05
482
37.15
743
38.25
67
40.45
63
41.45
52
42.95
57
44.45
117
44.8
150
44.85
161
45.1
103
45.25
82
46.65
355
49.35
106
49.75
473
49.75
473
50.05
142
50.599
195
50.799
320
50.849
278
51.199
103
51.399
87
51.849
135
Hanawalt 25-0922
βθ
JCPDS
16.791
44.42
17.597
22.21
22.92
1887.85
26.392
111.05
28.313
2221
28.507
88.84
28.818
888.84
28.894
88.84
29.019
44.22
30.287
44.22
31.096
44.22
32.842
66.63
33.97
66.63
35.208
88.84
36.695
1665.75
37.103
777.35
37.167
88.84
38.266
44.42
40.373
44.42
41.359
44.42
42.966
66.63
44.361
44.42
44.637
111.05
44.776
133.26
45.176
88.84
45.296
66.63
46.726
555.25
49.225
66.63
49.596
111.05
49.77
377.57
50.003
66.63
50.506
88.84
50.747
399.78
50.838
88.84
51.204
66.63
51.328
44.42
51.954
66.63
Universitas Sumatera Utara
54.449
55.349
55.449
55.499
55.599
55.649
56.349
56.399
56.449
57.349
58.499
59.699
59.749
59.799
61.849
62.699
62.799
63.549
63.649
64.449
64.799
64.849
64.999
66.349
66.399
66.749
67.75
70.55
70.6
71.4
72.45
73.05
45
419
661
701
559
478
220
209
219
126
185
120
130
136
111
84
97
138
180
70
107
117
110
66
67
105
103
149
162
109
57
63
54.453
55.306
55.488
55.524
55.817
55.854
56.338
56.376
56.679
57.529
58.569
59.693
59.735
59.863
61.67
62.735
62.782
63.548
63.694
64.484
64.785
64.836
64.988
66.393
66.393
66.714
67.754
70.543
70.665
71.467
72.417
73.001
22.21
155.47
666.3
777.35
333.15
199.89
266.52
177.68
44.42
44.42
199.89
88.84
88.84
66.63
44.42
66.63
66.63
44.42
222.1
22.21
66.63
66.63
22.21
22.21
66.63
44.42
66.63
66.63
133.26
155.47
66.63
88.84
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LAMPIRAN D
DATA PENELITIAN MENGGUNAKAN JCPDS
a) Bahan Dasar Bi2O3 Data JCPDS (41-1449)
b) Bahan Dasar Na2CO3 Data JCPDS (19-1130)
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c) Bahan Dasar TiO2 Data JCPDS (21-1272)
d) Bahan Dasar Ta2O5 Data JCPDS (25-0922)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LAMPIRAN E
Menghitung Parameter Kisi dari BNT- Ta2O5
Gambar Indeks Miller (sumber : Xiujie Yi, 2005)
Struktur Rhombohedral
Dengan menggunakan rumus:
c
c
c
c
BNT- Ta2O5 0%
d untuk bidang (110) = 2.7557
c
d untuk bidang (111) = 1.9462
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
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c
Subtitusi persamaan (1) ke (2)
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
= -0.06743
c
c
c
Menggunakan rumus abc:
√
c
c
√
√
Arc cos (-0.06743)
Sehingga:
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