RADIOANATOMIC IMAGE OF AVEOLAR BONE CREST, CEMENTOENAMEL JUNCTION AND DENTAL APEX IN ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPH 100 PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY.
Radioanatomic image of alveolar bone crest,
cementoenamel junction and dental apex
in Orthopantomograph 100 panoramic radiography
Yeni Rahmawati, Azhari, Belly Sam
Depadmedt or Dentonaxiuora.iaL Radiolosy Factlty of oentisty
univedtd PadiadjaBn
Panorami. hdjosraphy can be uied ii mon deniomaxiLLoraciaLprocedures, thai.an give a wide
.Dvehge ol teeth and strppodinq t
data about ihc vahdty or panoramt radroqraphy for measuring I
.enentoenameLjun.iion lcEJ), and d€ntataperwhr.h s u5efuLin measuang the LeveLof aLveolar bone
.h and neasurement was done ro 25 sample whi.h rulfrlled empLe
te.a lrom Daiorami. radrography rsult by odhooanlomoqcph 1
.
Ramfjord..iiefahdioanatomypoinr.Theres!ltofthisr6earchshowedthaitheaveragevaluemea5ured
alue ar the maidibutr moLar was
about c2l thcleanvaLue ai the maxilhry premoLar wa5 about 0g Th
rrom entjre r€qion was.bout 111 monvatueatrhemariLLarvmoLarandmandibuLarmolaraboutz5*.
at lesi vaLu-c at the maxillary incnoi mandibuLar in.isor, and maxiLtary pfehoLar were aboui 01. Ihe
measured of dentaL apex froh rhe entire resron was about 16 l3c, moi value at the
average
'arue
maidibuLar molarwas aboui96s, the leanvaLue * the naijLlarvpremotar was about 31 The.ondutoi
of thr research was a part ol radioanalony aLveoLar bone cren a& a part or d€ntaL aoei .ourd be
measured, wlrrtecEJ ai Lea( msasted. r\easureme lrom the three of radioan*omv point $owed the
mandibular molar resr0i whi.h wa
Key word3: Panorami. hdiosraphy onhopantomoqraph 100, alveolar b
jun.tion, denraLap€x,
who cannDi open thetr mouih.r In panorami.
radiograph, the dose re.eived by paiienE r 10
Panoramr radioqraphy n riequenitv ued
as an rnjuaL 5uRey
irformation on teeth and suppodrnq fsue r0r
diagnoss making.i Paiorami. radiographv has
exPcure,
Low
paLent radiation dose, comiodabte
ii .an be u5ed in patients
in eramidauoi and
whr.h sgnificaniLy rcduces the dose re.eived bv
usins panoramic radiosEphy .esuLls in tr nore
realrsti. image.' Ihere are simiLa.ties between
ther-"suLrsolrhe dini.aL oxamination r€sutswth
4ndpnr@i(,1loddo)doa?""***!::!
ht€n lrom male rnd Jenatc adutt
ir tlie mii deftiho. p. iod) roiieo
Howeler, oanoramn !adioqrapir aFo Ms
dilrdvanlaces, i
q€on+ft
e. maqnri'nion
2 5. 3 6. a 1. aid a.5 t€erh are
5iir
ii199sm1|'e.hr&Griijcofd|hoombmgrapn
nanuia.iured in
ri'rease in area
lound ,n ro.at throu!h r€presenB
Mfi.sfr
aLJ aid deniat apex trre ort€i 6ed
er
aL.!
nudied
(
bv lsine a met rod
tiar
por
LeveLrequres thai the three radioaiaiomr'
denial apei
I
ar
cren cLJ
reattv iece$trrv as a p
. ei aid dert'L apet 5
'oddered
(e$
cdrcmdom. imaqe or cEr' trLreoLa borc
n tr
ard dertaL rpet E.ons defed lnmeanrabLe
.omoa ed bDne herghr rnd rooi Len9tr
bone
ops.rine lynen
io ne*rc
bone
\i.ietr
xP"
r
ts
hazv
or..r
not be ieen
nudv rn'lude: lr)
ParcEntrcdrogaplj€Plod(ed6irgadgnl
and
omPUEri llr Edrrng p'd6s wa!
photoparnr rr
oerro,ned io th.photo!!ingCordL'
'hmrnarv
taBfered F
tr
srtrdeioqd.teaie'imaqei 1a)Ramrvordbetn
Lteren.d ir nudvrns ihe radroanrromi' rmage
rn
of streoLar bore .ren cEJ ard dshL apei
panoramr rdjoqraph
5aidl 5 ieeth iFr
6teeh
rcnescitedpremolarreqionardr 6rndl
thd repreFded moLr resion rh' msirem4t
.eDfeiented ru.Ervereqron!, z
ii.tudcd EdEriaiomi.
ia
The nudv war aimed trt de!'nbrnq rhe
dDtrnaromy or .ementoena el run'foi lcErl
pa
itveotar bone.ren ald detat apex bv tnnq
ionm'. hdios.aDh
r00 ai ihe Radro{olv
or
DeD.rrmei; o,aLmd kdaL Fo$k' F;ruLty
De.iisty Unive6n6 PadladiaGr m run' 1006
radiog,aPhs ifom
radroqraph taken 3t trie R'droLDqv Deparimenr
,n.isre liind prenoLar lPl'Dn!ncd o'
m Lid ns r P nb or
dental aDer merrvhrle rn lo*ef
n'L
5 pornG
1Ml there
DI
Lh,redid Padladjaian diL' iq tlE mdth or he
?oD6 r e 6eDanorami.tdrog'aplrs rhi$mPlhq
w€rc
ard the implc niiPrn apptied nr thE nudv
mr
I ihe ftxinum Lrnt was re:'hedr
(51
rhen
Padjodja@n
h4td
ol
@txtv ,oorNet,
1{G 146
the25 panoramic radioshphs examrna
tion on 425 hdroanaromr. pornts thar rndude 100
To
poinsarthe cE.r jun.iion 300 points at rheaLve'
olarboni.rest and lz5 pornts ai ihe deniar aper
wereperformed. thea,aminaiion on pahtaL root
was noi caLculaied in datacaLcuratoi b€'ause In
all aLveoLar bone nen resorpton measuremenr'
only mesiat and diial rooc were used. the.0m
pletenudy reiuLtsaE presented in Tabte I
easuremeitorea.h,CandMteethshows
that the Lowe* vatue n in ihe averase measuf€o
hiqhen ralle n in ihe averaqe measured deniar
red rfDn ihe Edioanaiontr rmase or deniaL apex
n radioaoatomi. point examrnatjon
ir
,c
and M rcqrons, tlre averase value ol measured cEl
radioanatonrc poinc lor in.Eive resio^ is 0l ror
premoL reqion7*, and for moLar reqion 26* Ihe
mj. image rof I resion * r5x
resrotr 721 MeanwriiLe, for the averaqe vaLue of
shoq 60x for resion i, '10x lor recion P, and 69i{
Tibte 2 shors the highen neasured average
vaLue
ol the three radranatomi. points that E
shownin the moLar resion, whilethe Lowen value
tr rouid in the averaqe msasured pohts of cEl
ol
in rn.nNe reqioi. Table I sho$ a
'omparison
meairedaveraqevalueof ihethree radroana'omr
PoiftiiruxiLltrymdNndiblenihe*dag€
poric rne
mpa{rcd vaLue of the Edjoanaionrc
cEJ har ihe to{est pe(ent.se .ompared io th€
Padjadjaran durins
incLuded assampLepopuLation. From ihepopuLarDn
fudbgn9bnnha9"9fdY.dqb9n"|ren'cNnia4ndiut.@afod.mo
'::
;;
rcdu.e rhe d6e re.€ived bythepabeits.
Thererore a nudy on the abiLtv to dete.t
cLJ, aLveoLar bone .rcn aid d€ntaL apei Di ihe
panof amic.adiocf aphy as an cxamrnation to0l wrtr
be.o e a raciLity rn radrogrephi. cFninafon
TabL€ I shows the
radioaiatomjc parts
vaLle for cEJ radoanatomr. porm n 111, lor
56.rrii.
fttr
nudy 5hows that the per.entase or
ihe measured anaroni. pornr lor
aLveolar bone
aLvedLaf
bone.renand denialaper, r e 3.67x r^
!he maxrllary aid ll.lll ii rhe mandrble.
radroqraphi. exami.arion needs a.Lea v vjsble
imace so t[a! a meaiuremenior the radroanaiomi.
value ol ihe three hdioanatomr points m ihe
mandibleu rrigher ihtri in the maxiLLa.Ihehishen
averase m€alred vaLuets theaveraqe m€trsufed
vatue of the dentaL apex radioanaiomr porits rn
jn.Eive, Prenolar and
T.blc 2 F deveLDped lrom ihc nudv relu6 that
the Derc€ntage or in.isive aid pr€morar regron5
cre5t are ;naller ihrt rn the motar region Thtr
is caused by an olen.p rn se premoLar rcs'on,
Panof an
j.
radiosraphy wth fl at and upward
radiog,aphy u'nC orthopaniomograph 100
devi.ewth
t{av
high te.hnolosywiLLbeableioproduce
hiq:r .esotu!on Panoramr.
iis advaiGqes and row dos"
ex.eLterft imases
wth
radiosraphywrth
aLt
A.cordrnq to LanqLaid et alr rn otho
pantomoqriph x ray devi.e, p.feitt po'bon rn
Gdrograp[r. esminaLon trDt wilL sisn]fr.andv
rocaL trough
n very thin
so rriat the mdake rn
erher forward or
shrpne$ of rhe imase.! Fiqre I +04 rhat ih€
averaqemeas(edvalueof thet|ne€ adroanaton'c
hdjrdhdr )drd
mandrbLe
r
mo
at
e
bedt4 )aa1lent 14 tt6
memurebLe
thai
rhos€ in the
more .ompa.i ..mpafcd to lhe mairtla and the
ifuciure ol the ma:iLLary is
droanatomy has the smaLLen averaqe measurabLe
vaLue lon ii 2.r,I r,2 s reeth, while in 4.5 toDth
and maxrlla sirus produ.6 superimposiiron thal
witt btur the radiocraphi. inagc 0t teerh rn rhe
radioanatony
Bondcmad et aL' showinq that th. diatomr.al
*u.rure sup..mpose in the mandibLe r smaLLef
MetrawhrL.,
ri
the
et:mhrtion of
1.6
tootr,
r ioan.tomr oorntis26il aLveolarboie
921 aid dertat apcr u 961 rhe aveEg.
iieasured vaLue or r.6 too(h has the hishe$
percentage.omoded to orher teeth trndibul.f
rh€CEJ
(.n
.id
d.s,ee or nrp€fimpoefoi
and ovenap in tlre moL reqion .ause the imaqe
Df thc atveoLar bone (en cE.r and deniar aper
the marrLLa
E very small
ri inosive
and premotar
.ren resorption uridq
diffi.uLt rn t[e ii.uive ar'] the prenot rcc'oi
Measuremeni ot denlaL aDet radio:n*omi.
point +ows uiat the averaqe rrdioandomr. value
neasured in in.ilive rcqioi ir 60n and rnpremotaf
40cwhr.ri r smalLer than the molaf,eqion l6e!)
Les ihan the
poreriof teeih
3o rhat rl\e anterior
outs,d€ ihe fo.at totrgh
reqion ts often
'tuated
whei the
diagnDsed
a smaLt
.anioi be 5een The presence of 5pine boneimaee
of ten.ausc5ipe.mpo'iion,n the aitercf denbr
naiiLLa ard rhe mandibLe
of the aLv.oLar bone.rcn aid dertat apex. Ihrs
r due to the poor quarty or the niaqe dertaL
!rhesuper
in memuriiqcEl point in theimage
impDse or the arterior teerh aid a hlse ovenap
ihan the
'arue
sho$ a rc;uLt trtt
fof4.r tooth, i.e 30c.ThisEdue
d.daLapei radiDanaromtr Doit mera red in tne
ihan that in ihe mandibLe
Ihrs
rhe diffr.uLty in identifyr^q the aEl
r
due ro the
prdeiceorempiy
space
ii
rhe
may
Therelore. a..ordrnq io Pader, it 6 beter thai
parert is mdructed to swalloq aid
that rn rn.irrva and premolar reqioB cEr radio
rhe
in 2 1, 4 r. 2 5 t.cth. whrle in.1.5 toot I ihe
pe(etace tr r.1r). r,is is due 10 the ia.r that
the panora'nic radiosEprry or the in.uNeand pr€
moLar ,€qiotr L iot very .lctu comptrrcd 10 the
moLa, regbn Thc .oidtion is .auid bv super
rmposed in.Eive !eqion rnd ovenapped oreoolar
*ouLd b€ cised uiliL
10tr
supernrpos€ oi ihe
.oLumnr spiiaLn tr seen rn dre anterior part of
t
DUtr
ihe
ro!.hes the oaLate This
ihe visualization of
the
n uDper pfemola( t[e :vensc measured
value or the aLveoLaf bone (en radroanatony
poinl r 0d" (.ompt.reLy unmea!urable) whiLe th€
avertrsc vaLr'e or !h€ denial apei radioanitofrrc
poiit me$ur€d ii oiLY 3x
luperinroos,Ad or the uppcr jawwhr.h tr more rhai
Fadha,^ntina9o|dYauban"o4|'
cementoenamel junction and dental apex
in Orthopantomograph 100 panoramic radiography
Yeni Rahmawati, Azhari, Belly Sam
Depadmedt or Dentonaxiuora.iaL Radiolosy Factlty of oentisty
univedtd PadiadjaBn
Panorami. hdjosraphy can be uied ii mon deniomaxiLLoraciaLprocedures, thai.an give a wide
.Dvehge ol teeth and strppodinq t
data about ihc vahdty or panoramt radroqraphy for measuring I
.enentoenameLjun.iion lcEJ), and d€ntataperwhr.h s u5efuLin measuang the LeveLof aLveolar bone
.h and neasurement was done ro 25 sample whi.h rulfrlled empLe
te.a lrom Daiorami. radrography rsult by odhooanlomoqcph 1
.
Ramfjord..iiefahdioanatomypoinr.Theres!ltofthisr6earchshowedthaitheaveragevaluemea5ured
alue ar the maidibutr moLar was
about c2l thcleanvaLue ai the maxilhry premoLar wa5 about 0g Th
rrom entjre r€qion was.bout 111 monvatueatrhemariLLarvmoLarandmandibuLarmolaraboutz5*.
at lesi vaLu-c at the maxillary incnoi mandibuLar in.isor, and maxiLtary pfehoLar were aboui 01. Ihe
measured of dentaL apex froh rhe entire resron was about 16 l3c, moi value at the
average
'arue
maidibuLar molarwas aboui96s, the leanvaLue * the naijLlarvpremotar was about 31 The.ondutoi
of thr research was a part ol radioanalony aLveoLar bone cren a& a part or d€ntaL aoei .ourd be
measured, wlrrtecEJ ai Lea( msasted. r\easureme lrom the three of radioan*omv point $owed the
mandibular molar resr0i whi.h wa
Key word3: Panorami. hdiosraphy onhopantomoqraph 100, alveolar b
jun.tion, denraLap€x,
who cannDi open thetr mouih.r In panorami.
radiograph, the dose re.eived by paiienE r 10
Panoramr radioqraphy n riequenitv ued
as an rnjuaL 5uRey
irformation on teeth and suppodrnq fsue r0r
diagnoss making.i Paiorami. radiographv has
exPcure,
Low
paLent radiation dose, comiodabte
ii .an be u5ed in patients
in eramidauoi and
whr.h sgnificaniLy rcduces the dose re.eived bv
usins panoramic radiosEphy .esuLls in tr nore
realrsti. image.' Ihere are simiLa.ties between
ther-"suLrsolrhe dini.aL oxamination r€sutswth
4ndpnr@i(,1loddo)doa?""***!::!
ht€n lrom male rnd Jenatc adutt
ir tlie mii deftiho. p. iod) roiieo
Howeler, oanoramn !adioqrapir aFo Ms
dilrdvanlaces, i
q€on+ft
e. maqnri'nion
2 5. 3 6. a 1. aid a.5 t€erh are
5iir
ii199sm1|'e.hr&Griijcofd|hoombmgrapn
nanuia.iured in
ri'rease in area
lound ,n ro.at throu!h r€presenB
Mfi.sfr
aLJ aid deniat apex trre ort€i 6ed
er
aL.!
nudied
(
bv lsine a met rod
tiar
por
LeveLrequres thai the three radioaiaiomr'
denial apei
I
ar
cren cLJ
reattv iece$trrv as a p
. ei aid dert'L apet 5
'oddered
(e$
cdrcmdom. imaqe or cEr' trLreoLa borc
n tr
ard dertaL rpet E.ons defed lnmeanrabLe
.omoa ed bDne herghr rnd rooi Len9tr
bone
ops.rine lynen
io ne*rc
bone
\i.ietr
xP"
r
ts
hazv
or..r
not be ieen
nudv rn'lude: lr)
ParcEntrcdrogaplj€Plod(ed6irgadgnl
and
omPUEri llr Edrrng p'd6s wa!
photoparnr rr
oerro,ned io th.photo!!ingCordL'
'hmrnarv
taBfered F
tr
srtrdeioqd.teaie'imaqei 1a)Ramrvordbetn
Lteren.d ir nudvrns ihe radroanrromi' rmage
rn
of streoLar bore .ren cEJ ard dshL apei
panoramr rdjoqraph
5aidl 5 ieeth iFr
6teeh
rcnescitedpremolarreqionardr 6rndl
thd repreFded moLr resion rh' msirem4t
.eDfeiented ru.Ervereqron!, z
ii.tudcd EdEriaiomi.
ia
The nudv war aimed trt de!'nbrnq rhe
dDtrnaromy or .ementoena el run'foi lcErl
pa
itveotar bone.ren ald detat apex bv tnnq
ionm'. hdios.aDh
r00 ai ihe Radro{olv
or
DeD.rrmei; o,aLmd kdaL Fo$k' F;ruLty
De.iisty Unive6n6 PadladiaGr m run' 1006
radiog,aPhs ifom
radroqraph taken 3t trie R'droLDqv Deparimenr
,n.isre liind prenoLar lPl'Dn!ncd o'
m Lid ns r P nb or
dental aDer merrvhrle rn lo*ef
n'L
5 pornG
1Ml there
DI
Lh,redid Padladjaian diL' iq tlE mdth or he
?oD6 r e 6eDanorami.tdrog'aplrs rhi$mPlhq
w€rc
ard the implc niiPrn apptied nr thE nudv
mr
I ihe ftxinum Lrnt was re:'hedr
(51
rhen
Padjodja@n
h4td
ol
@txtv ,oorNet,
1{G 146
the25 panoramic radioshphs examrna
tion on 425 hdroanaromr. pornts thar rndude 100
To
poinsarthe cE.r jun.iion 300 points at rheaLve'
olarboni.rest and lz5 pornts ai ihe deniar aper
wereperformed. thea,aminaiion on pahtaL root
was noi caLculaied in datacaLcuratoi b€'ause In
all aLveoLar bone nen resorpton measuremenr'
only mesiat and diial rooc were used. the.0m
pletenudy reiuLtsaE presented in Tabte I
easuremeitorea.h,CandMteethshows
that the Lowe* vatue n in ihe averase measuf€o
hiqhen ralle n in ihe averaqe measured deniar
red rfDn ihe Edioanaiontr rmase or deniaL apex
n radioaoatomi. point examrnatjon
ir
,c
and M rcqrons, tlre averase value ol measured cEl
radioanatonrc poinc lor in.Eive resio^ is 0l ror
premoL reqion7*, and for moLar reqion 26* Ihe
mj. image rof I resion * r5x
resrotr 721 MeanwriiLe, for the averaqe vaLue of
shoq 60x for resion i, '10x lor recion P, and 69i{
Tibte 2 shors the highen neasured average
vaLue
ol the three radranatomi. points that E
shownin the moLar resion, whilethe Lowen value
tr rouid in the averaqe msasured pohts of cEl
ol
in rn.nNe reqioi. Table I sho$ a
'omparison
meairedaveraqevalueof ihethree radroana'omr
PoiftiiruxiLltrymdNndiblenihe*dag€
poric rne
mpa{rcd vaLue of the Edjoanaionrc
cEJ har ihe to{est pe(ent.se .ompared io th€
Padjadjaran durins
incLuded assampLepopuLation. From ihepopuLarDn
fudbgn9bnnha9"9fdY.dqb9n"|ren'cNnia4ndiut.@afod.mo
'::
;;
rcdu.e rhe d6e re.€ived bythepabeits.
Thererore a nudy on the abiLtv to dete.t
cLJ, aLveoLar bone .rcn aid d€ntaL apei Di ihe
panof amic.adiocf aphy as an cxamrnation to0l wrtr
be.o e a raciLity rn radrogrephi. cFninafon
TabL€ I shows the
radioaiatomjc parts
vaLle for cEJ radoanatomr. porm n 111, lor
56.rrii.
fttr
nudy 5hows that the per.entase or
ihe measured anaroni. pornr lor
aLveolar bone
aLvedLaf
bone.renand denialaper, r e 3.67x r^
!he maxrllary aid ll.lll ii rhe mandrble.
radroqraphi. exami.arion needs a.Lea v vjsble
imace so t[a! a meaiuremenior the radroanaiomi.
value ol ihe three hdioanatomr points m ihe
mandibleu rrigher ihtri in the maxiLLa.Ihehishen
averase m€alred vaLuets theaveraqe m€trsufed
vatue of the dentaL apex radioanaiomr porits rn
jn.Eive, Prenolar and
T.blc 2 F deveLDped lrom ihc nudv relu6 that
the Derc€ntage or in.isive aid pr€morar regron5
cre5t are ;naller ihrt rn the motar region Thtr
is caused by an olen.p rn se premoLar rcs'on,
Panof an
j.
radiosraphy wth fl at and upward
radiog,aphy u'nC orthopaniomograph 100
devi.ewth
t{av
high te.hnolosywiLLbeableioproduce
hiq:r .esotu!on Panoramr.
iis advaiGqes and row dos"
ex.eLterft imases
wth
radiosraphywrth
aLt
A.cordrnq to LanqLaid et alr rn otho
pantomoqriph x ray devi.e, p.feitt po'bon rn
Gdrograp[r. esminaLon trDt wilL sisn]fr.andv
rocaL trough
n very thin
so rriat the mdake rn
erher forward or
shrpne$ of rhe imase.! Fiqre I +04 rhat ih€
averaqemeas(edvalueof thet|ne€ adroanaton'c
hdjrdhdr )drd
mandrbLe
r
mo
at
e
bedt4 )aa1lent 14 tt6
memurebLe
thai
rhos€ in the
more .ompa.i ..mpafcd to lhe mairtla and the
ifuciure ol the ma:iLLary is
droanatomy has the smaLLen averaqe measurabLe
vaLue lon ii 2.r,I r,2 s reeth, while in 4.5 toDth
and maxrlla sirus produ.6 superimposiiron thal
witt btur the radiocraphi. inagc 0t teerh rn rhe
radioanatony
Bondcmad et aL' showinq that th. diatomr.al
*u.rure sup..mpose in the mandibLe r smaLLef
MetrawhrL.,
ri
the
et:mhrtion of
1.6
tootr,
r ioan.tomr oorntis26il aLveolarboie
921 aid dertat apcr u 961 rhe aveEg.
iieasured vaLue or r.6 too(h has the hishe$
percentage.omoded to orher teeth trndibul.f
rh€CEJ
(.n
.id
d.s,ee or nrp€fimpoefoi
and ovenap in tlre moL reqion .ause the imaqe
Df thc atveoLar bone (en cE.r and deniar aper
the marrLLa
E very small
ri inosive
and premotar
.ren resorption uridq
diffi.uLt rn t[e ii.uive ar'] the prenot rcc'oi
Measuremeni ot denlaL aDet radio:n*omi.
point +ows uiat the averaqe rrdioandomr. value
neasured in in.ilive rcqioi ir 60n and rnpremotaf
40cwhr.ri r smalLer than the molaf,eqion l6e!)
Les ihan the
poreriof teeih
3o rhat rl\e anterior
outs,d€ ihe fo.at totrgh
reqion ts often
'tuated
whei the
diagnDsed
a smaLt
.anioi be 5een The presence of 5pine boneimaee
of ten.ausc5ipe.mpo'iion,n the aitercf denbr
naiiLLa ard rhe mandibLe
of the aLv.oLar bone.rcn aid dertat apex. Ihrs
r due to the poor quarty or the niaqe dertaL
!rhesuper
in memuriiqcEl point in theimage
impDse or the arterior teerh aid a hlse ovenap
ihan the
'arue
sho$ a rc;uLt trtt
fof4.r tooth, i.e 30c.ThisEdue
d.daLapei radiDanaromtr Doit mera red in tne
ihan that in ihe mandibLe
Ihrs
rhe diffr.uLty in identifyr^q the aEl
r
due ro the
prdeiceorempiy
space
ii
rhe
may
Therelore. a..ordrnq io Pader, it 6 beter thai
parert is mdructed to swalloq aid
that rn rn.irrva and premolar reqioB cEr radio
rhe
in 2 1, 4 r. 2 5 t.cth. whrle in.1.5 toot I ihe
pe(etace tr r.1r). r,is is due 10 the ia.r that
the panora'nic radiosEprry or the in.uNeand pr€
moLar ,€qiotr L iot very .lctu comptrrcd 10 the
moLa, regbn Thc .oidtion is .auid bv super
rmposed in.Eive !eqion rnd ovenapped oreoolar
*ouLd b€ cised uiliL
10tr
supernrpos€ oi ihe
.oLumnr spiiaLn tr seen rn dre anterior part of
t
DUtr
ihe
ro!.hes the oaLate This
ihe visualization of
the
n uDper pfemola( t[e :vensc measured
value or the aLveoLaf bone (en radroanatony
poinl r 0d" (.ompt.reLy unmea!urable) whiLe th€
avertrsc vaLr'e or !h€ denial apei radioanitofrrc
poiit me$ur€d ii oiLY 3x
luperinroos,Ad or the uppcr jawwhr.h tr more rhai
Fadha,^ntina9o|dYauban"o4|'