A SOCIO-PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS ON PROMISING UTTERANCES IN SOME MOVIE MANUSCRIPTS A Socio-Pragmatics Analysis On Promising Utterances In Some Movie Manuscripts.
A SOCIO-PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS ON PROMISING UTTERANCES
IN SOME MOVIE MANUSCRIPTS
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment on Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
HERDINI PUDJILESTARI
A 320 060 283
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
INTRODUCTION
some way the conditions that exist in
Background of the Study
the world”. According to Levinson
According to Levinson (2000:
(2000: 236) “Austin isolates three
5) “Pragmatics is the study of
basic senses in which in saying one is
language usage”. As stated above,
doing something”. The three basic:
pragmatics cannot be separated from
locucionary act, illocutionary act, and
the context. Sometimes, the meaning
perlocutionary act. In speech act, too,
of particular words or utterances
there are some types or classification:
might be sound out of sense, but
representative utterance, directives
actually those words are correct in the
utterance,
communication. Pragmatics involves
declarative utterance and commissive
five focuses of the study; they are
utterance. Commissive utterance is a
diexis,
kind of speech acts that the speaker
entailment,
presupposition,
expressive
utterance,
implicature, and speech act.
used to make a commit for the future.
Socio-pragmatics is one kind
Holmes (2001: 260), he states that
of general pragmatic branch which
commissive utterance shows about
combines sociology and pragmatics,
promising and threatening utterance.
where it is conducted on the reality of
Commissive
cooperative principle and politeness
speaker intends. In using commissive,
principle which operates in different
the speaker undertakes to make the
cultures or language communities, in
real feeling fit the words through the
different
among
speaker. According to Wardaugh
different social classes. According to
(2000: 285) “In contrast to Austin,
Leech (1999: 10) “socio-pragmatics is
who focuses his attention on how
the
speakers realize their intention in
social
sociological
situation,
interface
of
expresses
what
the
speaking, Searle focuses on how
pragmatics”.
Speech act is the one of
listeners respond to utterances”. Here,
pragmatic principles or the aspect of
someone tries to get figure out how
language
the other people are using a particular
studied
in
pragmatics.
According to Austin (in Wardaugh,
2000: 281) “Speech act changes in
utterance.
into the form of the data of
Research Paper Organization
The writer arranges this paper
promising utterances, the intentions
into five chapters to make it is easy
of promising utterances and the
to understand the content of the
reasons of promising utterances.
paper.
UNDERLYING THEORY
They
are,
Chapter
I,
Introduction, consists of Background
The Ethnography of Communication
of the Study, Previous of the Study,
is proposed by Dell Hyme in which
Problem of the Study, Objective of
he has theory is used to describe
the Study, Benefit of the Study, and
about the reason of speaker using
Research Paper Organization.
certain utterances. He proposed the
Chapter
II
is
Underlying
Theory. It deals with the notion of
theory
in
the
abbreviation
of
speaking.
Socio-Pragmatics
S - Setting and Scene of speech
(notion of Pragmatics and Socio-
It is the background of situation of
Pragmatics,
of
communication setting in the place
Pragmatics), Speech Act (notion of
and time of communications events
Speech Act, Kinds of Speech Act,
scene
and Classification of Speech Act),
setting, or cultural definition of the
Pragmatics
and
Principles
is
abstract
psychological
Notion of Promising Utterances,
occasion
Form, Dell Hyme’s Ethnography of
P - Participant
Communication and Key Term Used
It is a combination between the
in Movie.
speaker and listener, persons in the
Chapter
III
is
Research
communication
(addressor
and
of
addresse), or sender-receiver of the
Research, Object of the Research,
messages. They have certain social
Method
representing
Type
Data and Data Source, Methods of
role in conversation.
Collecting Data, and Method of
E - Ends
Analyzing Data.
It is the aims of objectives that will be
Chapter
Finding
and
IV
is
Research
Discussion.
The
research finding will be elaborated
achieved in the communication or in
certain conversation
A - Act Sequence
It relates to the form and contents
case, she compares between the form
(topic)
the
of the data, socio-pragmatics theory
language, and the vocabulary that
of Leech, speech act theory of Austin
are really used by the speaker, the
(in
ways they use those language or
Wardaugh),
vocabulary,
formula
of
between
the
utterance,
and
topic
the
correlation
and
language
Levinson)
and
Searle
and
theory
of
(in
SPEAKING
Hymes
(in
Wardaugh), especially the promising
utterances. It is conducted as the
variation.
K - Key
following procedures.
It relates to the manner and behaviour
1.
Describing the forms of the data
of the speakers or hearer when they
of promising utterances in some
use a language in the communication,
movie manuscripts by refering
whether they talk freely, seriously,
the type of sentence.
angrily,
clearly,
sarcastically,
2.
Examining the intentions of
ignorance, nervously, crudely, etc.
promising utterances in some
This aspect also includes nonverbal
movie manuscripts by using
Austin’s
language such as body movement.
relates
(speech
act
theory: locution act, illocution
I - Instrument
It
theory
to
the
media
act and perlocution act).
of
3.
communication.
Explaining
the
reasons
of
N - Norms
promising utterance in some
It relates to the norm or special
movie manuscripts by using Dell
property
Hyme’s
that
inherent
in
communication seen by other person
not involved in the communication.
G - Genre
It relates to type, form, or variation
of utterances.
RESEARCH METHOD
The technique of analyzing
data is comparing method. In this
Ethnography
Communication
of
(SPEAKING
formula).
DATA ANALYSIS
This
reseacrh
finding
has
different with the previous study.
The first previous study, she used
SPEAKING formula to find the
and
There are some differences in
forgiveness utterances in Twilight
this reserach and the previous study.
movie manuscripts. In this research,
The
the writer uesd SPEAKING formula
implicature and the politines the
by Hymes to find the reason of
utterances. The second previous
promising utterances.
study
intention
of
the
apology
The finding of this resaerch
first
study
analyzed
expressive
analyed
the
the
kinds
apology
the
of
and
similarities from the
forgiveness utterances. This research
previous study. The first previous
analyzed the intention using speech
study and the second previous study
act theory and the reason using
used socio-pragmatics analysis and
SPEAKING formula by Hymes. It is
used movie manuscript as the source
different with the second previous
data and data. The first previous
study because she used speech act
study and this reseacrh analyzed the
theory to analysis the kinds of
problem focus on form of the
expressive apology and forgiveness
utterances in movie manuscripts. The
utterances and analyzed the intention
second previous study and this
using
research analyzed the problrem focus
Hymes.
has some
SPEAKING
formula
by
The first previous study, she
on the intention of utterances in
first
analyzed three of problem: the form
previous study and this research
of abusive utterances, the implicature
analyzed the form of the utterances
and
especially the type of the sentence.
utterances in in comedy movie
The second previous study and this
manuscripts, The Pacifier. First, she
research analyzed the intention of the
found there are four type of sentence
utterances. And, the second previous
in that movie. There are 24 data
study used speech act theory to find
(64,86%) of declarative sentence, 8
the intention and this research used
data
speech act theory to analysis the
sentence,
reason of the uttereances.
imperative sentence and 2 data
movie
manuscripts.
The
the
politeness
(21,62%)
3
of
data
of
abusive
interrogative
(8,11%)
of
(5,41%) of exclamatory sentence.
Second, she found the implicature of
movie manuscripts. The first, She
abusive utterances. There are two
used speech act theory (the locution,
kinds of implicature from 37 data:
illocution and prelocution act) to find
coventional
and
conversational
the kinds of expressive apology and
implicature.
There
are
data
forgiveness. She found three kinds of
(16,22%) of coventional implicature
expressive apology and forgivness: 1
and
coversational
datum (3,33%) of condoling, 28 data
implicature. There are five type of
(93,34%) of regreting and 1 datum
abusive utterances in coventional
(3,33%) of requesting forgiveness.
implicature: name-calling, accusing
And second, she used SPEAKING
and
and
formula by Hyme (Setting and scene,
and
Participant, Ends, Act sequence,
ordering. And, there are nine type of
Key, Instrumentality, Norms, Genre)
the
implicature:
to find the intention apology and
trivializing,
forgiveness. She found eight of
accusing and blaming, withholding,
intention of employing apology and
discounting, judging and criticizing,
forgiveness
undermining and blocking. The third,
(3,33%) of showing impression, 8
she analyzed the politeness pattern of
data (26,67%) of showing guilty, 13
abusive utterances in comedy movie
data (43,33%) of showing regret, 1
manuscrpits. She found three type of
datum
politeness stretegy: 18 data (48,65%)
acceptence of blame, 2 data (6,67%)
of bald-on record, 11 data (29,62%)
of showing request of forgiveness, 2
of positive politeness and 8 data
data (6,67%) of showing respect, 2
(21,62%) of off record.
data (6,67%) of showing being
31
data
of
ablaming,
criticizing,
6
judging
undermining
conversational
name-calling,
denial,
The second previous study
analyzed,
she
analyzed
two
of
problem: the kinds of expressive
utterances:
(3,33%)
1
of
datum
showing
affraid and 1 datum (3,33%) of
showing close relationship.
This
research,
the
writer
apology and forgiveness utterances
analyzed three of problem: the forms
and the intention of apology and
of the data, the intentions and the
forgiveness the uttreances in Twilihgt
reasons of promising utterances in
some movie manuscrpits. The first,
promising utterances in some movie
the writer analyzed the forms of the
manuscripts. There are 5 (22,8%) of
data to find the type of sentences in
promising utterances which showing
some movie manucripts. She found
responsibility. There are 4 (18,2%)
two
of
of
the
declarative
tpe
of
sentence:
sentence
and
promising
utterances
which
showing angry. There are 3 (13,6%)
interrogative sentence. there are 18
of
data (81,8%) of declarative sentence,
showing relationship. There is 1
3 data (13,6%)of imperative sentence
datum
and 1 datum (4,5%) of interrogative
utterances which showing affection.
sentence in some movie manuscripts.
There are 5 (22,8%) of promising
The
utterances which showing hope.
second,
she
analyzed
the
promising
utterances
(4,5%)
There
some
using
promising utterances which showing
(locution,
teasing. There is 1 datum (4,5%)
speech
act
manuscripts
theory
1
datum
promising
intentions of promising utterances in
movie
is
of
which
(4,5%)
of
She
promising utterances which showing
found four kinds of intention of
misunderstanding. There are 2 data
promising utterances in some movie
(9,1%)
manuscripts. There are 3 (13,6%) to
which showing attention.
command of promising utterances.
CONCLUSION
There is 1 datum (13,6%) to request
SUGGESTION
of promising utterances, 4 data
Conclusion
(18,2%) to assure of promising
After
utterances, 11 data (50%) to afirm of
utterances in How To Train Your
promising utterances and 3 data
Dragon, Kung Fu Panda, I Am Sam,
(13,6%) to describe of promising
The Next Three Days, Vanilla Sky,
utternces. The third, she analyzed the
and Swordfish movie manuscripts,
reasons of promising utterances in
the writer draws several conclusion,
illocution
some
and
movie
perlocution).
manuscripts
found seven kinds of reason of
promising
analyzing
utterances
AND
the
promising
they are:
using
SPEAKING formula by Hymes. She
of
1.
Related to the Form of the Data
2.
From twenty two data of
Based on the result above,
promising utterances found in
the writer found four type of
How To Train Your Dragon,
intention in How To Train Your
Kung Fu Panda, I Am Sam, The
Dragon, Kung Fu Panda, I Am
Next Three Days, Vanilla Sky,
Sam, The Next Three Days,
and
movie
Vanilla Sky, and Swordfish
manuscripts, there are 18 data
movie manuscripts by using
(81,8%) of declarative sentence,
speech
3 data (13,6%) of imperative
intentions of the promising
sentences and 1 datum (4,5%)
utterences are: the intention to
of interrogative sentence. As the
command, request, to assure, to
result, a promising utterance in
affirm and to describe. The
the form of declarative sentence
intention to command is a
is the speaker mostly addresses
promise that the speakers says
toward the hearer (81,8%).
to the hearer to do something
Swordfish
act
theory.
The
It can be concluded that
for herhim. The intention to
most of them, the declarative
request is a promise that has a
sentence
dominant
purpose to ask someone to do
frequentcy that apper in How To
something in the future. The
Train Your Dragon, Kung Fu
intention to assure is a promise
Panda, I Am Sam, The Next
that
Three Days, Vanilla Sky, and
someone believes what
the
Swordfish movie manuscripts
speaker
the
because
conversation
speaker willl do something to
between two people or more,
prove it. The intention to affirm
they usually used declarative
is a promise of someone to
sentence when they are talking
make something clear and there
about what happen in around
is
them.
miscommunication.
Related to the Intention of the
intention
Data
promise to someone to make the
is
in
the
has
no
purpose
says
and
to
make
that
misunderstanding
to
describe
or
The
is
a
more
by using SPEAKING formula
intelligibly and and there is no
by Hymes, there are seven type
misunderstanding
of
conversation
be
or
This research, there are
(13,6%)
utternaces
promising
which
“to
command”. There is one (4,5%)
3.
showing
responsibility, showing angry,
miscomunication.
three
reason:
showing relatioship, showing
affection,
showing
hope,
showing teasing and showing
misunderstanding.
promising utterances which “to
This reaserch, there are 5
request” to the hearer. There are
(22,8%) of promising utterances
four
which showing responsibility.
(18,2%)
promising
utterances which “to assure” to
There
the hearer. There are eleven
promising
(50%)
utterances
showing angry. There are 3
which “to affirm” to the hearer.
(13,6%) of promising utterances
And the last, there are three
which
(13,6%) promising utterances
There is a datum (4,5%) of
which to describe to the hearer.
promising
As the result, a promising
showing affection. There are 5
utterance
in
the
of
(22,8%) of promising utterances
intention
to
affirm
the
which showing hope. There is a
speaker
mostly
addresses
datum (4,5%) of promising
promising
form
is
are
4
(18,2%)
utterances
showing
of
which
relationship.
utterances
toward to the hearer (50%).
utterances
Related to the Reason of the
teasing. There is a datum
Use of Promising
(4,5%)
The reason of promising
which
which
promising
which
showing
utterances
showing
utterances found in How To
misunderstanding. There are 2
Train Your Dragon, Kung Fu
data
Panda, I Am Sam, The Next
utterances
Three Days, Vanilla Sky, and
attention. As the result,
Swordfish movie manuscripts
promising
(9,1%)
of
which
utterance
promising
showing
in
a
the
reason showing angry (22,8%)
utterances, the intention and the
and showing affection (22,8%)
resason of the utterances in
is
movie
the
speaker’s
mostly
manuscripts
or
other
interesting media or data. The
addresses toward to the hearer.
Suggestion
teacher should give the students
Based on the research finding above,
motivation and spirit to make
the writer suggest:
them interest to learn about
1.
linguistics,
especially
pragmatics
and
For the Students
The students of language,
they
can
English
understand about the utterances
Departement to improve their
in many context or aspect in
knowledge
their live and their environment.
especially
of
about
linguistics,
espcially of socio-pragmatics in
3.
For the Other Researcher
analysis the utterances in movie
The other researcher can
manuscripts or other interesting
use this research finding to
media or data. They have to
analysis other object, other data
learn harder about promising
source and data. They can
utterances in the form, the
analyze the implicature and
intention and the reason and
politenes in promising utterances
more understand about socio-
or analysis the meaning of the
pragmatics completely.
promising utterances in songs
They have liberty to ask
the
2.
socio-
teacher
if
they
have
lyrics or other source data.
BIBLIOGRAPH
understanding yet about the
Chielmiaty, Aldise Yofa. 2010. A
material in linguistics. So, they
Socio-Pragmatics Analysis of Abusive
will
Utterances
more
understand
and
in
improve their knowledges.
Manuscript.
For the Teachers
Muhammadiyah
It can be referrences to
teach their students knowledge,
especially in the form of the
Surakarta.
Comedy
Movie
Surakarta:
University
of
Frank,
Marcella.
1972.
Modern
English. New Jersey: Englewood
Patton,
Michael
Qualitative
Quinn.
Evaluation
1982.
Methods.
London: Sage Publication.
Cliffs.
Holmes, Janet. 2001. An Introduction
Wardaugh,
to
Introduction to Sociolinguistics. USA:
Sociolinguistics.
London:
Ronald.
2000.
An
Blackwell Publisher.
Longman.
Istariyandari, Oktisa. 2010. A Socio-
Yule, George. 1999. The Study of
Pragmatics Analysis of Apology and
Language. New York: Cambridge
Forgiveness Utterances in Twilight
University Press.
Movie
Manuscripts.
Muhammadiya
Surakarta:
University
of
Surakarta.
Leech, Geoffrey. 1999. Principles of
Pragmatics. London and New York:
Longman.
Levinson,
Stephen
C.
2000.
Pragmatics. Cambridge: University
Press.
Morley, G. David. 2000. Syntax in
Functional
Grammar:
An
Introduction to Lexicogrammar in
Systemic Linguistics. London and
New York: British Library.
Peccei,
Jean
Stilwell.
1999.
Pragmatics. London and New York:
Routledge.
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
DeBlois, Dean and Chris Sanders.
2010. How to Train Your
Dragon.
http://www.imsdb.com/scr
ipts/How-to-Train-YourDragon.html Accessed on
October, 25, 2011 at 16:15
Aibel, Jonathan and Glenn Berger.
2008. Kung Fu Panda.
http://www.imsdb.com/scr
ipts/Kung-Fu-Panda.html
Accessed on October, 25,
2011 at 20:27
Woods, Skip. 2001. Swordfish.
http://www.imsdb.com/scrip
ts/Swordfish.html Accessed
on October, 25, 2011 at
16:55
Johnson, Kristine and Jessie Nelson.
2001. I am Sam.
http://www.imsdb.com/scr
ipts/I-am-Sam.html
Accessed on November,
10, 2011 at 20:45
Haggis, Paul. 2009. The Next Three
Days.
http://www.imsdb.com/scr
ipts/Next-Three-Days,The.html Accessed on
November, 25, 2011 at
15:56
Crowe, Cameron. 2001. Vanilla Sky.
http://www.imsdb.com/scr
ipts/Vanilla-Sky.html
Accessed on November,
25, 2011 at 17:35
Hartmann and Stork. 1972. What is a
Clause.
http://www.sil.org/linguisti
cs/GlossaryOfLinguisticTe
rms/WhatIsAClause.htm
Accessed October, 25,
2011 at 17:28
IN SOME MOVIE MANUSCRIPTS
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment on Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
HERDINI PUDJILESTARI
A 320 060 283
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
INTRODUCTION
some way the conditions that exist in
Background of the Study
the world”. According to Levinson
According to Levinson (2000:
(2000: 236) “Austin isolates three
5) “Pragmatics is the study of
basic senses in which in saying one is
language usage”. As stated above,
doing something”. The three basic:
pragmatics cannot be separated from
locucionary act, illocutionary act, and
the context. Sometimes, the meaning
perlocutionary act. In speech act, too,
of particular words or utterances
there are some types or classification:
might be sound out of sense, but
representative utterance, directives
actually those words are correct in the
utterance,
communication. Pragmatics involves
declarative utterance and commissive
five focuses of the study; they are
utterance. Commissive utterance is a
diexis,
kind of speech acts that the speaker
entailment,
presupposition,
expressive
utterance,
implicature, and speech act.
used to make a commit for the future.
Socio-pragmatics is one kind
Holmes (2001: 260), he states that
of general pragmatic branch which
commissive utterance shows about
combines sociology and pragmatics,
promising and threatening utterance.
where it is conducted on the reality of
Commissive
cooperative principle and politeness
speaker intends. In using commissive,
principle which operates in different
the speaker undertakes to make the
cultures or language communities, in
real feeling fit the words through the
different
among
speaker. According to Wardaugh
different social classes. According to
(2000: 285) “In contrast to Austin,
Leech (1999: 10) “socio-pragmatics is
who focuses his attention on how
the
speakers realize their intention in
social
sociological
situation,
interface
of
expresses
what
the
speaking, Searle focuses on how
pragmatics”.
Speech act is the one of
listeners respond to utterances”. Here,
pragmatic principles or the aspect of
someone tries to get figure out how
language
the other people are using a particular
studied
in
pragmatics.
According to Austin (in Wardaugh,
2000: 281) “Speech act changes in
utterance.
into the form of the data of
Research Paper Organization
The writer arranges this paper
promising utterances, the intentions
into five chapters to make it is easy
of promising utterances and the
to understand the content of the
reasons of promising utterances.
paper.
UNDERLYING THEORY
They
are,
Chapter
I,
Introduction, consists of Background
The Ethnography of Communication
of the Study, Previous of the Study,
is proposed by Dell Hyme in which
Problem of the Study, Objective of
he has theory is used to describe
the Study, Benefit of the Study, and
about the reason of speaker using
Research Paper Organization.
certain utterances. He proposed the
Chapter
II
is
Underlying
Theory. It deals with the notion of
theory
in
the
abbreviation
of
speaking.
Socio-Pragmatics
S - Setting and Scene of speech
(notion of Pragmatics and Socio-
It is the background of situation of
Pragmatics,
of
communication setting in the place
Pragmatics), Speech Act (notion of
and time of communications events
Speech Act, Kinds of Speech Act,
scene
and Classification of Speech Act),
setting, or cultural definition of the
Pragmatics
and
Principles
is
abstract
psychological
Notion of Promising Utterances,
occasion
Form, Dell Hyme’s Ethnography of
P - Participant
Communication and Key Term Used
It is a combination between the
in Movie.
speaker and listener, persons in the
Chapter
III
is
Research
communication
(addressor
and
of
addresse), or sender-receiver of the
Research, Object of the Research,
messages. They have certain social
Method
representing
Type
Data and Data Source, Methods of
role in conversation.
Collecting Data, and Method of
E - Ends
Analyzing Data.
It is the aims of objectives that will be
Chapter
Finding
and
IV
is
Research
Discussion.
The
research finding will be elaborated
achieved in the communication or in
certain conversation
A - Act Sequence
It relates to the form and contents
case, she compares between the form
(topic)
the
of the data, socio-pragmatics theory
language, and the vocabulary that
of Leech, speech act theory of Austin
are really used by the speaker, the
(in
ways they use those language or
Wardaugh),
vocabulary,
formula
of
between
the
utterance,
and
topic
the
correlation
and
language
Levinson)
and
Searle
and
theory
of
(in
SPEAKING
Hymes
(in
Wardaugh), especially the promising
utterances. It is conducted as the
variation.
K - Key
following procedures.
It relates to the manner and behaviour
1.
Describing the forms of the data
of the speakers or hearer when they
of promising utterances in some
use a language in the communication,
movie manuscripts by refering
whether they talk freely, seriously,
the type of sentence.
angrily,
clearly,
sarcastically,
2.
Examining the intentions of
ignorance, nervously, crudely, etc.
promising utterances in some
This aspect also includes nonverbal
movie manuscripts by using
Austin’s
language such as body movement.
relates
(speech
act
theory: locution act, illocution
I - Instrument
It
theory
to
the
media
act and perlocution act).
of
3.
communication.
Explaining
the
reasons
of
N - Norms
promising utterance in some
It relates to the norm or special
movie manuscripts by using Dell
property
Hyme’s
that
inherent
in
communication seen by other person
not involved in the communication.
G - Genre
It relates to type, form, or variation
of utterances.
RESEARCH METHOD
The technique of analyzing
data is comparing method. In this
Ethnography
Communication
of
(SPEAKING
formula).
DATA ANALYSIS
This
reseacrh
finding
has
different with the previous study.
The first previous study, she used
SPEAKING formula to find the
and
There are some differences in
forgiveness utterances in Twilight
this reserach and the previous study.
movie manuscripts. In this research,
The
the writer uesd SPEAKING formula
implicature and the politines the
by Hymes to find the reason of
utterances. The second previous
promising utterances.
study
intention
of
the
apology
The finding of this resaerch
first
study
analyzed
expressive
analyed
the
the
kinds
apology
the
of
and
similarities from the
forgiveness utterances. This research
previous study. The first previous
analyzed the intention using speech
study and the second previous study
act theory and the reason using
used socio-pragmatics analysis and
SPEAKING formula by Hymes. It is
used movie manuscript as the source
different with the second previous
data and data. The first previous
study because she used speech act
study and this reseacrh analyzed the
theory to analysis the kinds of
problem focus on form of the
expressive apology and forgiveness
utterances in movie manuscripts. The
utterances and analyzed the intention
second previous study and this
using
research analyzed the problrem focus
Hymes.
has some
SPEAKING
formula
by
The first previous study, she
on the intention of utterances in
first
analyzed three of problem: the form
previous study and this research
of abusive utterances, the implicature
analyzed the form of the utterances
and
especially the type of the sentence.
utterances in in comedy movie
The second previous study and this
manuscripts, The Pacifier. First, she
research analyzed the intention of the
found there are four type of sentence
utterances. And, the second previous
in that movie. There are 24 data
study used speech act theory to find
(64,86%) of declarative sentence, 8
the intention and this research used
data
speech act theory to analysis the
sentence,
reason of the uttereances.
imperative sentence and 2 data
movie
manuscripts.
The
the
politeness
(21,62%)
3
of
data
of
abusive
interrogative
(8,11%)
of
(5,41%) of exclamatory sentence.
Second, she found the implicature of
movie manuscripts. The first, She
abusive utterances. There are two
used speech act theory (the locution,
kinds of implicature from 37 data:
illocution and prelocution act) to find
coventional
and
conversational
the kinds of expressive apology and
implicature.
There
are
data
forgiveness. She found three kinds of
(16,22%) of coventional implicature
expressive apology and forgivness: 1
and
coversational
datum (3,33%) of condoling, 28 data
implicature. There are five type of
(93,34%) of regreting and 1 datum
abusive utterances in coventional
(3,33%) of requesting forgiveness.
implicature: name-calling, accusing
And second, she used SPEAKING
and
and
formula by Hyme (Setting and scene,
and
Participant, Ends, Act sequence,
ordering. And, there are nine type of
Key, Instrumentality, Norms, Genre)
the
implicature:
to find the intention apology and
trivializing,
forgiveness. She found eight of
accusing and blaming, withholding,
intention of employing apology and
discounting, judging and criticizing,
forgiveness
undermining and blocking. The third,
(3,33%) of showing impression, 8
she analyzed the politeness pattern of
data (26,67%) of showing guilty, 13
abusive utterances in comedy movie
data (43,33%) of showing regret, 1
manuscrpits. She found three type of
datum
politeness stretegy: 18 data (48,65%)
acceptence of blame, 2 data (6,67%)
of bald-on record, 11 data (29,62%)
of showing request of forgiveness, 2
of positive politeness and 8 data
data (6,67%) of showing respect, 2
(21,62%) of off record.
data (6,67%) of showing being
31
data
of
ablaming,
criticizing,
6
judging
undermining
conversational
name-calling,
denial,
The second previous study
analyzed,
she
analyzed
two
of
problem: the kinds of expressive
utterances:
(3,33%)
1
of
datum
showing
affraid and 1 datum (3,33%) of
showing close relationship.
This
research,
the
writer
apology and forgiveness utterances
analyzed three of problem: the forms
and the intention of apology and
of the data, the intentions and the
forgiveness the uttreances in Twilihgt
reasons of promising utterances in
some movie manuscrpits. The first,
promising utterances in some movie
the writer analyzed the forms of the
manuscripts. There are 5 (22,8%) of
data to find the type of sentences in
promising utterances which showing
some movie manucripts. She found
responsibility. There are 4 (18,2%)
two
of
of
the
declarative
tpe
of
sentence:
sentence
and
promising
utterances
which
showing angry. There are 3 (13,6%)
interrogative sentence. there are 18
of
data (81,8%) of declarative sentence,
showing relationship. There is 1
3 data (13,6%)of imperative sentence
datum
and 1 datum (4,5%) of interrogative
utterances which showing affection.
sentence in some movie manuscripts.
There are 5 (22,8%) of promising
The
utterances which showing hope.
second,
she
analyzed
the
promising
utterances
(4,5%)
There
some
using
promising utterances which showing
(locution,
teasing. There is 1 datum (4,5%)
speech
act
manuscripts
theory
1
datum
promising
intentions of promising utterances in
movie
is
of
which
(4,5%)
of
She
promising utterances which showing
found four kinds of intention of
misunderstanding. There are 2 data
promising utterances in some movie
(9,1%)
manuscripts. There are 3 (13,6%) to
which showing attention.
command of promising utterances.
CONCLUSION
There is 1 datum (13,6%) to request
SUGGESTION
of promising utterances, 4 data
Conclusion
(18,2%) to assure of promising
After
utterances, 11 data (50%) to afirm of
utterances in How To Train Your
promising utterances and 3 data
Dragon, Kung Fu Panda, I Am Sam,
(13,6%) to describe of promising
The Next Three Days, Vanilla Sky,
utternces. The third, she analyzed the
and Swordfish movie manuscripts,
reasons of promising utterances in
the writer draws several conclusion,
illocution
some
and
movie
perlocution).
manuscripts
found seven kinds of reason of
promising
analyzing
utterances
AND
the
promising
they are:
using
SPEAKING formula by Hymes. She
of
1.
Related to the Form of the Data
2.
From twenty two data of
Based on the result above,
promising utterances found in
the writer found four type of
How To Train Your Dragon,
intention in How To Train Your
Kung Fu Panda, I Am Sam, The
Dragon, Kung Fu Panda, I Am
Next Three Days, Vanilla Sky,
Sam, The Next Three Days,
and
movie
Vanilla Sky, and Swordfish
manuscripts, there are 18 data
movie manuscripts by using
(81,8%) of declarative sentence,
speech
3 data (13,6%) of imperative
intentions of the promising
sentences and 1 datum (4,5%)
utterences are: the intention to
of interrogative sentence. As the
command, request, to assure, to
result, a promising utterance in
affirm and to describe. The
the form of declarative sentence
intention to command is a
is the speaker mostly addresses
promise that the speakers says
toward the hearer (81,8%).
to the hearer to do something
Swordfish
act
theory.
The
It can be concluded that
for herhim. The intention to
most of them, the declarative
request is a promise that has a
sentence
dominant
purpose to ask someone to do
frequentcy that apper in How To
something in the future. The
Train Your Dragon, Kung Fu
intention to assure is a promise
Panda, I Am Sam, The Next
that
Three Days, Vanilla Sky, and
someone believes what
the
Swordfish movie manuscripts
speaker
the
because
conversation
speaker willl do something to
between two people or more,
prove it. The intention to affirm
they usually used declarative
is a promise of someone to
sentence when they are talking
make something clear and there
about what happen in around
is
them.
miscommunication.
Related to the Intention of the
intention
Data
promise to someone to make the
is
in
the
has
no
purpose
says
and
to
make
that
misunderstanding
to
describe
or
The
is
a
more
by using SPEAKING formula
intelligibly and and there is no
by Hymes, there are seven type
misunderstanding
of
conversation
be
or
This research, there are
(13,6%)
utternaces
promising
which
“to
command”. There is one (4,5%)
3.
showing
responsibility, showing angry,
miscomunication.
three
reason:
showing relatioship, showing
affection,
showing
hope,
showing teasing and showing
misunderstanding.
promising utterances which “to
This reaserch, there are 5
request” to the hearer. There are
(22,8%) of promising utterances
four
which showing responsibility.
(18,2%)
promising
utterances which “to assure” to
There
the hearer. There are eleven
promising
(50%)
utterances
showing angry. There are 3
which “to affirm” to the hearer.
(13,6%) of promising utterances
And the last, there are three
which
(13,6%) promising utterances
There is a datum (4,5%) of
which to describe to the hearer.
promising
As the result, a promising
showing affection. There are 5
utterance
in
the
of
(22,8%) of promising utterances
intention
to
affirm
the
which showing hope. There is a
speaker
mostly
addresses
datum (4,5%) of promising
promising
form
is
are
4
(18,2%)
utterances
showing
of
which
relationship.
utterances
toward to the hearer (50%).
utterances
Related to the Reason of the
teasing. There is a datum
Use of Promising
(4,5%)
The reason of promising
which
which
promising
which
showing
utterances
showing
utterances found in How To
misunderstanding. There are 2
Train Your Dragon, Kung Fu
data
Panda, I Am Sam, The Next
utterances
Three Days, Vanilla Sky, and
attention. As the result,
Swordfish movie manuscripts
promising
(9,1%)
of
which
utterance
promising
showing
in
a
the
reason showing angry (22,8%)
utterances, the intention and the
and showing affection (22,8%)
resason of the utterances in
is
movie
the
speaker’s
mostly
manuscripts
or
other
interesting media or data. The
addresses toward to the hearer.
Suggestion
teacher should give the students
Based on the research finding above,
motivation and spirit to make
the writer suggest:
them interest to learn about
1.
linguistics,
especially
pragmatics
and
For the Students
The students of language,
they
can
English
understand about the utterances
Departement to improve their
in many context or aspect in
knowledge
their live and their environment.
especially
of
about
linguistics,
espcially of socio-pragmatics in
3.
For the Other Researcher
analysis the utterances in movie
The other researcher can
manuscripts or other interesting
use this research finding to
media or data. They have to
analysis other object, other data
learn harder about promising
source and data. They can
utterances in the form, the
analyze the implicature and
intention and the reason and
politenes in promising utterances
more understand about socio-
or analysis the meaning of the
pragmatics completely.
promising utterances in songs
They have liberty to ask
the
2.
socio-
teacher
if
they
have
lyrics or other source data.
BIBLIOGRAPH
understanding yet about the
Chielmiaty, Aldise Yofa. 2010. A
material in linguistics. So, they
Socio-Pragmatics Analysis of Abusive
will
Utterances
more
understand
and
in
improve their knowledges.
Manuscript.
For the Teachers
Muhammadiyah
It can be referrences to
teach their students knowledge,
especially in the form of the
Surakarta.
Comedy
Movie
Surakarta:
University
of
Frank,
Marcella.
1972.
Modern
English. New Jersey: Englewood
Patton,
Michael
Qualitative
Quinn.
Evaluation
1982.
Methods.
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Holmes, Janet. 2001. An Introduction
Wardaugh,
to
Introduction to Sociolinguistics. USA:
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Ronald.
2000.
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Istariyandari, Oktisa. 2010. A Socio-
Yule, George. 1999. The Study of
Pragmatics Analysis of Apology and
Language. New York: Cambridge
Forgiveness Utterances in Twilight
University Press.
Movie
Manuscripts.
Muhammadiya
Surakarta:
University
of
Surakarta.
Leech, Geoffrey. 1999. Principles of
Pragmatics. London and New York:
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Levinson,
Stephen
C.
2000.
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Morley, G. David. 2000. Syntax in
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Grammar:
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Peccei,
Jean
Stilwell.
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2010. How to Train Your
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http://www.imsdb.com/scr
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2001. I am Sam.
http://www.imsdb.com/scr
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Accessed on November,
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http://www.imsdb.com/scr
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http://www.imsdb.com/scr
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