IAIN SYEKH NURJATI CIREBON ﺺ��ﻣ

   ﻝﻮﻠ��ﺍﻭ�ﻞ�ﺎﺸﳌﺍ�:�ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﻑ ﻭ ﺮ��ﺎﺑ�ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ�ﺀﺎﻤﺳﻸ ﻟ �ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ�ﻞﻘﻧ

  ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ

  ��ﺍﺮﻏ�ﻥﺎﻓﺮﻋ

  ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ�ﺔﻴﺑ��ﻟﺍ�ﺔﻴﻠ� ﻥﻮ�ﺮﺷ�ﺔﻴﻣﻮ���ﺍﻭ�ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﺍﻻ�ﻲ�ﺎﺟ�ﺭﻮﻧ�ﺦﻴﺷ�ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ

  Erfan Gazali

  Erfangazali@yahoo.com

  The name is not translated from one language to another, but allows to be rewritten in another language by using adjacent letters in the character of sounds. This study aims to analyze the transliteration symbols phoneme in proper noun of the Indonesian language into Arabic based on phonological and graphologist approach and expected to provide solutions to these problems. The study sources are scattered texts in 30 Arabic news media online. Indonesian alphabet characters are very different from the Arabic language. Indonesian is written with the Latin script whereas Arabic with Arabic alphabet system. Factors causing the emergence of this variant seems to be caused by lack of international standards related to the Latin-Arabic transcription symbols especially for Indonesian-Arabic. as in the case of rewriting the phoneme / c / into Arabic, Phoneme /C/ is one of the letters not found in Arabic phonemes thus resulting in the emergence of

  > transcriptional variation symbol of Latin to Arabic such as < ﺥ� ،ﺱ� ،ﻙ � ،ﺵ�،ﻕ and < ﺶ�> (Ibn Murad,1979:221; Attarazy & Amin, 1984:207). This case has implications for the decoding process by readers.

  Key word : phoneme, transcription, symbol, Arabic

  ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺗ �ﻭ�.ﺓ��ﻐﺻ�ﺔ�ﺮﻗ���ﺇ�ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ�ﺖﻟﻮﺣﻭ�،ﺔ�ﺮﺸ�ﻟﺍ�ﺓﺎﻴ��ﺍ�ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻣ�ﻞ�����ﺓﺭﻮﺛ�ﺖﺛﺪﺣﺃ�ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟﺍﻭ �ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ�ﻥﺃ�ﻚﺷ�ﻦﻣ�ﺎﻣ �ﺓﺎﻴ��ﺍ�ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻣ�ﺽﻮﺨﻳ�ﻥﺃ���ﻋ�ﺮﺿﺎ��ﺍ�ﺮﺼﻌﻟﺍ�ﻞﺟﺭ�ﺔﻌ�ﺮﺴﻟﺍ�ﻝﺎﺼﺗﺍﻻ�ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ�ﻭ�ﺖ�ﻧ��ﻧﺍﻹ�ﺔﻜﺒﺷﻭ�ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ�ﺭﺎﺠﻔﻧﺍ�ﻊ ّ���

  . (

  

��������� � ٢٠١٥ �ﺐﻴﻃ) � ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻣﻭ�ﻡﻮﻠﻋﻭ�ﺪﻴﻟﺎﻘﺗﻭ�ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺣ�ﻦﻣ �ﻢ��ﺪﻟ�ﺎﻤﺑ�ﺪﻴﻔﺘﺴ�ﻭ�،ﺔ�ﻮﻐﻟ�ﺰﺟﺍﻮﺣ�ﻥﻭﺪﺑ�ﻦ�ﺮﺧﺍﻵ�ﻢهﻔ�ﻭ�،ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ�ﺔ�ﺮﺸ�ﻟﺍ

  �ﺐ�ﺴ�� ﺔﻴﻤ��ﺍﻷ� ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ� ﺔ�ﻮﺘﻜﳌﺍ� ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺍﻷ� ﺓﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﻭ� ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ � ًﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣﺃ� ﺔ�ﻮﻌﺼﻟﺍ � ﻦﻣ� ﻥﺈﻓ � ﺏﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ� ﻥ�ﺑ� ﻞﺻﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ� ﻢﺘﻳ � ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺣ ﻭ �ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ�ﺔﻘ�ﺮﻃ�ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺗ�ﻭﺃ�ﺎهﻘﻄﻧ�ﺐﻌﺼﻳ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ�ﻦﻣ�ﺕﻼﻴﻜﺸ��ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ�ﻞﺜﻣ�ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻚﻠﺗ�ﻢﻈﻌﳌ�ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍﻭ�ﺔﻴﺋﻼﻣﺍﻹ�ﺺﺋﺎﺼ��ﺍ �ﻙﺎ�ﺭﺍﻹ�ﺐ�ﺴ��ﺎﻤﻣ�ﻪﻟﺎﺣ���ﻋ�ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ�ﺀﺎﻘ�ﻭ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ�ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺗ�ﻭﺃ�ﻯﺮﺧﺃ���ﺇ �ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ�ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ�ﻦﻣ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ�ﺔﻠﻴﻜﺸ�ﻟ�ﻭﺃ�ﻑﺮ��ﺍ�ﺕﺍﺬﻟ �ﺖ�ﺘﻛ���ﻟﺍ�ﺔﻴﻠﺻﺍﻷ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ���ﻐ��ﻑﻭﺮﺤﺑ�ﻡﻼﻋﺍﻷ�ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺃ�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ�ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ�ﺔﻴﻟﺁ�ﻊﺿﻭ � ���ﺔﺟﺎﺣ�ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻭ �. ﺔﻴﻨﻌﳌﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ����ﻥ�ﺼﺘﺨﳌﺍ���ﻐﻟ �ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍﻻ�ﺮﻛﺬﻧ�ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺍﻷ�ﻩﺬه � ﻥ�ﺑ�ﻦﻣ ﻭ�ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺍﻷ�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ�ﻕﺮﻃ�ﻥ�ﻘﺗ���ﻟﺍ�ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺍﻷ�ﻊﺿﻭ���ﺇ�ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ�ﻝﻭﺩ�ﻢﻈﻌﻣ�ﺖﻋﺭﺎﺳ�ﺪﻘﻓ�،ﺎ��

  (Berne) ﻥﺮﺑ����ﺔﻌﻗﻮﳌﺍ

  �،ﻡ ١٩٧٣ ���ﻤﺘ�ﺳ � ١٣ �ﺦ�ﺭﺎﺘﺑ � � ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ�ﻝﺍﻮﺣﺍﻷ�ﻞ������ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ�ﻢﺳﺍﻭ�ﻝﻭﺍﻷ�ﻢﺳﺍﻻ�ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ�ﻥﺄﺸ��ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ �ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ � ��ﺇﻭ�،ﺔﻴﻧﺪﳌﺍ�ﻝﺍﻮﺣﺍﻷ�ﻞ������ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ�ﻢﺳﺍﻭ�ﻝﻭﺍﻷ�ﻢﺳﺍﻻ�ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ�ﺔﻴﻤهﺃ���ﺇ�ﺓﺮﺸﻋ�ﻯﺪﺣﺍﻹ�ﺎهﺩﺍﻮﻣ�ﻊﻴﻤﺟ����ﺕﺭﺎﺷﺃ���ﻟﺍﻭ

  �ﻭﺃ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﺯﻮﻣﺭ�.ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ����ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍﻭ�ﺎ��ﻠﻋ�ﻑﺭﺎﻌﺘﳌﺍ�ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ�ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ����ﺎﻓﺮﺣ � ٢٦ ���ﻋ�ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻷ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻱﻮﺘﺤﺗ �. ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻣﻭﺮﻟﺍ �ﺕﺩﺭﻭ�ﺎﻤﻛ�ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺍﻷ�ﻩﺬه�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﺑ�ﻡﺍ��ﻟﺍﻻ���ﺇ�ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ�ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ����ﺔﻘﻴﺛﻮﻟﺍ�ﺺﻧ�ﺭﺎﺷﺃ�ﺪﻗﻭ�،ﺎهﺼﻧ����ﺩﺭﻭ�ﺎﻣ�ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﺑ�ﻚﻟﺫﻭ�،ﻪﺘﻏﺎﻴﺻ ﻝﻭﺍﻷ���ﺴ��ﻥ�ﻤﺴﻗ���ﺇ�ﻢﺴﻘﺗ���ﻓ�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ����ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ

  ﺍﺬﻜهﻭ ﻞﺜﻣ�ﺓ��ﺒﻜﻟﺍ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ�ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻭ � ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ

  �ﻡﺪﻋﻭ �ﺎهﻓﺮﺣ�ﻞ ﻘﻨﺑ�ﻚﻟﺫﻭ�ﺔﻴﻠﺻﺍﻷ�ﺎ��ﻐﻠﺑ (Transliteration)

  �ﺎﺒﻨﺟ���ﻐﺼﻟﺍﻭ ��ﺒﻜﻟﺍ�ﻪﻴﻋﻮﻨﺑ�ﻑﺮﺣ�ﻞ� ���ﺎهﻭ �ﻪﺗﺎﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ�ﻉﻮﻧ�ﻞ�ﻟﻭ ﻞﺜﻣ�ﺓ ��ﻐﺼﻟﺍ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ�ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻭ ﻲ�ﺎﺜﻟﺍ���ﺴ�ﻭ ﻭﺃ �. ﻑﺪهﻟﺍ�ﺔ ﻐﻟ����ﺔﺌﻓﺎ�ﻣ�ﻑﺮﺣﺄﺑ�ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ�ﺔﻐﻟ����ﺔﻴﻠﺻﺍﻷ�ﺔﻤﻠ�ﻟﺍ�ﻦﻋ���ﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ��� � ��ﺮ��ﺍ�ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺍ �ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ � ﺐﻨﺟ���ﺇ � ﺍﺬه .ﻦﻜﻣﺃ�ﺎﻤﻠ��ﺪﺣﺍﻭ�ﻑﺮﺣﻭ�ﻑﺮﺤﺑ�ﻑﺮﺣ�ﻞ��ﺔﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣﻭ�ﻥ�ﺘﻐﻟ�ﻥ�ﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺗ�ﻉﺎﻘﻳﺇ�ﻱﺃ�،ﺮﺧﺁ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ�ﻡﺎﻈﻨﺑ�ﺎهﻤﺳﺭﻭ ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ ���

  �ﺏﻮ��ﳌﺍ) � ﻪﺗﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ�ﻢﻈﻌﻣ����ﻢﻴﺸﺧ���هﻓ���ﻋ�ﻪﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ�ﻉﺎﺷﺃﻭ�، ﺓﺮﺤﻘﻨﻟﺍ �ﺔﻤﻠ�ﺑ � ﺩﺭﻮﳌﺍ����ﻲ�ﺒﻠﻌﺒﻟﺍ���ﻨﻣ�ﻪﺘﺤﻧ�ﺡﻼﻄﺻ ﺍﻻ /

  ( ch t ʃ �ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍ� ��ﻭ� ﺓ��ﺼﻗ� ﺔﺛﻼﺛ� : � ﺖﺋﺍﻮﺻ � ﻑﻭﺮﺣ � ٦ �ﻭ ًﺎ�ﻮﺘﻜﻣ � ﺎﺘﻣﺎﺻ ًﺎﻓﺮﺣ � ٢٨ � ًﺎﺗﻮﺻ � ٣٤ � ﺎهﻟ� ﺖﻧﺎ� � ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ� ﺔﻐﻠﻟ � ﺎﻣﺍ

  �ــﻟﺍﻭ�( )�ــﺑ�ﻪﻟ�ﺎهﻣﺰﻳ���ﻟﺍ�/ �ﻞﺜﻣ�،ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﺔ�ﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍﻷ�ﻥ�ﺑ�ﺎهﺪﺠﻧ�ﺎهﺪﺠﻧﻻ���ﻟﺍ�ﺖﻣﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍ�ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ�ﺖﻟﻭﺎﺘﺗ�ﻭ .� ٢٠١٢ / / / p v g

  �ﺩﺪﻋ� ﺢﺒﺼﻴﻟ� ،ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ� ﻑﻭﺮﺣ� ��ﺇ ﺓﺰﻤهﻟﺍ� ﻑﺮﺣ� ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ� ﺐﺠﻳ� ﻪﻧﺃ� ﻥ��ﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ� ﺾﻌ�� ﻯﺮ�ﻭ .� (ﺓﺩﻭﺪﻤﻣ� ﺔﺛﻼﺛﻭ� ﺔﻤﻀﻟﺍﻭ� ﺓﺮﺴﻜﻟﺍﻭ � ��ﺇ�ﺉﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ �ﺏﺎﻴﻏ���ﺇ�ﺩﻮﻌ��ﻚﻟﺫ����ﺐ�ﺴﻟﺍ ،� ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺎﺑ �ﺔﻴﺴ � ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ�ﻡﻼﻋﺍﻻ�ﺀﺎﻤﺳ ﺍﻷ�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ�ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺗ�ﺪﻗﻭ�./ /ﻭ /�ـﻟﺍ�ﻭ �

  ̪ θ ʒ ħ χ ̪ ʃ sˁ ̪ˁ ̪ˁ ðˁ ʕ ɣ ًﺎﻓﺮﺣ �ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺗ���ﺇ�ﻑﺪ���ﺔﻟﺎﻘﳌﺍ�ﻩﺬه�ﻥﺈﻓ�،ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ �.ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﻑﻭﺮﺤﺑ�ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ�ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺍ�ﻲ�ﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ�ﻞﻘﻧ�ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ�ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ � ﺔ�ﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ � ﻡﺎ�ﺣﺃ

  ʔ �:���ﺕﻮﻗﺍﻻ�ﻚﻠﺗﻭ . � � ٢٩ �ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ

  . ﻞ�ﺎﺸﳌﺍ �ﻚﻠﺗ�ﻝﻮﻠ���ﺡ��ﻘﻣ�ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺗﻭ�ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺎﺑ�ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ�ﻡﻼﻋﺍﻷ�ﺀﺎﻤﺳ ﺍ �ﻲ�ﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ�ﻞﻘﻧ ��� � ﻞ�ﺎﺸﻣ �،ﺕ�،ﺏ�،ﺓﺰﻤه � �:��ﻭ���ﻋ�،ﺀﺎﻴﻟﺍﻭ�ﻮﻟﻮﻟﺎﺑ���ﺘ�ﺗﻭ�ﺓﺰﻤهﻟﺎﺑ��ﺃﺪ ﺗﺒ ���ﻟﺍ�ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﻑﻭﺮﺤﺑ�ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍﻻ�ﻚﻠﺗ�ﺰﻣ��ﻓ �. ﻱﺯﺎ��

  ،� � � ٢٤٣ ﺹ ٢٠٠٠ ،� ﺮ ﺸ�) � ﻱ�،ﻭ�،ه�،ﻥ�،ﻡ�،ﻝ�،ﻙ�،ﻕ�،ﻑ�،ﻍ�،ﻉ�،ﻅ�،ـﻃ�،ﺽ�،ﺹ�،ﺵ�،ﺱ�،ﺯ�،ﺭ�،ﺫ�،ـﺩ�،ﺥ�،ﺡ�،ﺝ�،ﺙ ُ َ

  ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻠ�ﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺓﺮﺴﻜﻟﺍﻭ�، ـــــ ـــــ ﺔﻤﻀﻟﺍﻭ ، ـــ ـــــ ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍ ��ﻓ ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ �� ﺖﺋﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ .� ٤٦ �ﺹ � ٢٠٠٧

  ــــِـــــ َ

  ُ � ﺔﻠ�ﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺴﻜﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻤﻀﺑ ﺔﻗﻮﺒﺴﻣ ﻭﺍﻭ ��ﻭ ﻮ ـــــــــــ ﺔﻠ�ﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻀﻟﺍﻭ � ، ﺔﺤﺘﻔﺑ ﺔﻗﻮﺒﺴﻣ ﻒﻟﺃ ��ﻭ ﺎ ـــــــ ﻒﻟﺍﻷ

  ﻰــِــــــ �ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ� ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ � ﺔﻴﻧﻭ��ﻜﻟﺍﻹ� ﻡﻼﻋﺍﻹ� ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ � ﻦﻣ� ﺔﻘﺘﺸﻣ � ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ � ��ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺳ�ﻭﺃ � ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ � ﺎ��ﺪﻟ � ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ � ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ �����.

  �ﺪﻗ ﻭ� ﺎﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍ � ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺃ���ﻋ�ﻱﻮﺘﺤﻳ�ﻱﺬﻟﺍ � ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ � ﺔﻴﻧﻭ��ﻜﻟﺍﻹ�ﺔﻓﺎ��ﻟﺍ � ﻮه � ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ�ﺭﺪﺼﻣ .� ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻹ � ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺃ ���ﻋ�ﻱﻮﺘﺤ� ﻭ �� �. ﻯﺮﺧﺃ�ﺕﺎﻐﻟ����ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ�ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻓ�ﺕﺎﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ�ﻩﺬه�ﻞ�ﺸ��ﺪﻗ�،ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ�ﺔﻐﻟ����ﺕﺎﻳﺩﺄﺗ�ﺓﺪﻋ�ﺪﺣﺍﻮﻟﺍ�ﻢﻴﻧﻮﻔﻟﺍ�ﻞﻤﺤﻳ�ﺪﻗ

  (Purposive Sample) �ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ � ﺖﻧ��ﻧﺍﻹ�ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻣ � ٣٠ � ﻙﺎﻨه �. � ﺔﻓﺩﺎهﻟﺍ�ﻭﺃ�ﺔﻳﺪﻤﻌﻟﺍ�ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ �ﺬﺧﺃ � ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺗ � ﻖ�ﺮﻃ�ﻦﻋ�ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ � ﺕﺬﺧﺃ

  ٌﺮُﻳﺎُﻐ� Gazali

  � ﻚﻟﺫ ��ﻌﻣ ﻭ � ﻥ�ﺘﻤﻠ�ﻟﺍ ﻥ� �ﻭ � �ﻭ ﻥ�ﺘﻤﻠ�ﻟﺍ ﻥ�ﺑ ﻼﺜﻣ ��ﻌﳌﺍ �� � ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﻼﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ � � ﻞﺒﻗ�ﻦﻣ � ﺖ�ﺮﺟﺃ � ��ﻟﺍ�ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ � ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ�ﻦﻣ � ﺔ ﻘ ﺘ ﺸ �ﻣ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ � ﺾﻌ� � ﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ�ﻩﺬه��� � ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺃ � ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ � ﺭﺪﺼﻣ �ﻥﻮ�ﺗ ���ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ

  ّ�ﻏ 2014 2014a;

   �ﺔﻤﻠ� ﻭ�، ﺓﺮﻛ���ﻌﻤﺑ �ﺔﻤﻠ� � ،ﺕﺎﻤﻠ�ﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ ﺕ� ﺎ��ﻷ ؛ ﺔ ﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺕ ﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻓ � �ﻭ �ﻭ �ﻭ ﻦﻣ�ﻞ��ﻥﺃ � ﺕﻮﺻ

  .( ) ﻕﺮﻔﺗ

  ﻪﺒﺸ� ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻠ�ﻟﺍ ﻥ�ﺑ ��ﻓ ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ �� ﺎﻣﺃ �.ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ���ﻌﻤﺑ �ﺔﻤﻠ� �،ﺢﺘﻓ ���ﻌﻤﺑ �ﺔﻤﻠ� �،ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ���ﻌﻤﺑ � ��ﻟﺍ � ﺔ ﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧ ﺍﻻ � ﺀﺎ ﻤﺳ ﺍﻻ � ��ﻋ�ﺭﻮﺜﻌﻟﺍ ،ﻻﻭﺃ �، ��ﺎﺘﻟﺍ�ﻮﺤﻨﻟﺍ���ﻋ � ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻣ�ﻥﻮ�ﺗ � ﻥﺃ�ﻦﻜﻤ �ﺗ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ���ﻋ�ﻝﻮﺼ��ﺍ � ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﺇ

  ﻝﻮﻘﻧ . ﻥﺎﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻓ ﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﺬﻟﻭ ؛ﻞﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎ� ﻭ ﻝﺎﻗ ﻦﺤﻨﻓ ﻥ�ﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺬه

  �ﺍ ��ﺧﺍﻭ � ،��ﻭﺍﻷ � ﺓﻮﻄ��ﺍ�ﻦﻣ�ﺎ��ﻠﻋ�ﻝﻮﺼ��ﺍ � ﻢﺗ���ﻟﺍ�ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ � ��ﻋ �ﻲ�ﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ�ﻞﻘﻧ � ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ�ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ � ،ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛﻭ �، ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ �ﻑﺮﺣﺄ �ﺑ ﺔ�ﻮﺘﻜﻣ � ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ �ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍﻭ�ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍﻷ�،ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎ�ﺷﺍﻹ�ﻩﺬه�ﻦﻣﻭ � ﺎهﺭﻮﻄﺗ�ﻖﻴﻌ��ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ�ﺕﺎﻳﺪﺤﺗﻭ�ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎ�ﺷﺇ�ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺗ

  � ﺖﻠﻘﻧ � ��ﻟﺍ � ﻥﺪﳌﺍﻭ � ﺹﺎ��ﺍﻷ � ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺃ � ﺎ��ﻣ � ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ � ﻡﻼﻋﺍﻷ � ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺃ � ﺓﺮﺤﻘﻧ � ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ � ��ﺎﻌ� � ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ � ﻩﺬه ﻭ .� ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ � ﻒﻴ�ﺼﺗ �ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻊﻣﺎﺠﻣ�ﺕﺰ���ﺪﻗﻭ�ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ����ﺎهﻔﻴﻇﻮﺗ�ﻢﺗ � ﺔﻴ�ﻨﺟﺃ�ﻢﻠﻋ�ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺃ�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ�ﺔﻟﺎﺣ����ﺔﺻﺎﺧ�ﻭ�،ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ����ﺔ�ﻮﺘﻜﳌﺍ

  .ﻖﻴﺛﻮﺘﻟﺍ � ﻝﻼﺧ � ﻦﻣ � ��ﺟ��ﻟﺍﻭ � ﻲ�ﺎﺴﻠﻟﺍ � ﻞ��ﺍ � ��ﺇ � ﻉﻮﺟﺮﻟﺎﺑ � ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ � ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺎ ﺑ : ﺎﻌﻗﺍﻭ�ﺎهﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ�ﺕﺎﺑ���ﻟﺍ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ�ﻩﺬه�ﻦﻣﻭ � ﻞﺋﺍﺪﺑ�ﻦﻣ�ﻪﺘﺣﺮﻃ�ﺎﻤﻴﻓ�ﻖﻓﻮﺗ�ﻢﻟ �ﻦﻜﻟﻭ �ﺎهﻟ�ﻞﻳﺪﺑ�ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺇ�ﻦﻋ

  ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﻷﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺕ ﺎﻳﻮﺼ ﺗ

  �ﺔﻤﻴﻗ

  �ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ�ﺕﺎﻴﻄﻌﻤﺑ�ﺔ��ﺴﻣ�ﺔﺜﻳﺪﺣ�ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ�ﺔﻴ��ﺍ�ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ���ﺇ�ﻥﻮ�ﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻪﺟﻮﺗ�ﺬﻨﻣ �ﺍﻭﺅﺪﺑ�ﻥﺃ�ﺬﻨﻣﻭ�،ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ

  ﺔﻳﺪﺠﺑﺍﻷ �ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻧﻮﻔﻟﺍ

  �ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ� ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺘﻛ� ﺓﺪﺣﻭ� ﺎﻤ��ﻣ� ﻝﻭﺍﻷ� ﻞ�ﺸ�� ﻥ�ﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ� ﻥ���ﻄﺼﻣ� ﺎﻤ��ﻮ�� ﺱﺎﺳﺃ� ��ﻋ� ،ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍﻭ� ﻑﺮ��ﺍ� ﻲﻣﻮهﻔﻣ� ﻥ�ﺑ� ﻥﻮﻗﺮﻔﻳ

  �ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ � ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻣ �ﻉﻮﻧ ﺔﻴﻧ ﺎ ﻣﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ � ﻝﺎﺣ �ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺒﻔﻟﺍﻷ

  �ﻦﻣ�ﻥ�ﻋﻮﻧ�ﻥ�ﺑ�ﻥﻮ�ﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻕﺮﻓ�ﺍﺬه���ﻋ�ﺀﺎﻨ�ﻭ�.ﺔﻐﻠﻟ�ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ�ﻲ�ﻮﺼﻟﺍ�ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻠﻟ�ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ�ﺔﻴﻘﻄﻧ�ﺓﺪﺣﻭ�ﻲ�ﺎﺜﻟﺍ�ﻞ�ﺸ�ﻭ�ﻱﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻠﻟ

  ﻪﺘﻔﺻﻭ ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ �ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ

  �ﻕﺩﺃ�ﻞ�ﺸ��ﻭﺃ)�ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ�ﻞ�ﺸ����ﻟﺍ�،ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ�،ﺎ��ﻓ�ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺍﻷ�ﺓﺪﺣﻮﻟﺍ�ﻑﺮ��ﺍ�ﻞ�ﺸ����ﻟﺍ�ﺔﻴﺋﺎ ��ﻟﺍ�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ�،ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ

  ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ

  ( �. ١٩٨٢ �ﻥﺍﻮﺿﺭ) � ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺍﻷ�ﺎ��ﺪﺣﻭ � (ﻢﻴﻧﻮﻔﻟﺍ

  � ��ﻋ � ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻟﺍ� ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻗ � ﻊﺿﻭ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ � ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﺱﻮﻤهﻣ �ﻲﻔﻗﻭ � ﻲﻘﺒﻃ �ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﻥ�ﺛﺪﺤﳌﺍ ﻥ��ﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺾﻌ� ﺪﻨﻋ�ﻑﺮﻌ�ﻭ ،ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍﻷ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻭﺃ ،ﺹﺎﺧ ﺕﻮﺻ ﻮه ﻱﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ

  �ﺍﺬﻜه ﻭ ﺎ� ﺌﺟﺎﻔ �ﻣ ���� � ﺀﺍﻮهﻟﺍ �ﻢﺛ ﻮﺧﺮﻟﺍ�ﻚﻨ��ﺍ � ١٩٩٧ ،� ﻥﺍﺮﻌﺴﻟﺍ) � ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺙﺪﺤﺗ ��ﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍﻷ ﺮﺋﺎﺳ ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻳ ﻮهﻓ ،ﻲ�ﺎﺴ�ﺍﻹ ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﺯﺎهﺟ ﻦﻋ ﺭﺪﺼﻳ ﺕﻮﺻ

  ( � ﻦﻣ �ﻼﺻﺎﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻟﺍ�ﻦﻣ � ﻲﻔﻠ�� ﺍ�ﺀﺰ�� ﺍ ���ﺣ

  (phoneme) : �ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺻ�ﺓﺪﺣﻭ�ﺮﻐﺻﺃ�ﻮه � �ﻢﻴﻧﻮﻔﻟﺍ ،ﻢﻴﻧﻮﻔﻟﺎﺑ�ﻩﺎﻤﺴ����ﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍﻷ �ﻦﻣ�ﺎ��ﻴﻌ��ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ���ﻋ�ﻞﻤﺘﺸ��ﺔﻐﻟ�ﻞ� �. ٨٥ � ﺹ

  . ﺓﺎهﻠﻟﺍ

  Cruttenden ) ( 2013 ﻯﺮﺧﺃﻭ �ﻥﻮﻔﻟﺆﳌﺍ� ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ� ﺪﻗﻭ� .��ﺇ� .../ﺡ/ﺝ/ﺙ/ﺕ/ﺏ/� :ﻞﺜﻣ�. � ﺔﻤﻠ�� ﻥ�ﺑ���ﻌﳌﺍ� ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺇ� ��ﺇ� ﻱﺩﺆﺗ� ﺓﺩﺮﺠﻣ

  ﻱﺭﺎﻏ�ﻱﻮﺜﻟ �ﻝﺎﺒ��ﺍ����� ﻭ� �ﺭﺎﻐﻟﺎﺑ�ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻟﺍ�ﻂﺳﻭ�ﻕﺎﺼﺘﻟﺍ � ﺔﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ � .

  �ﺩﺪﻋ�ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻳ � ﻢﻴﻧﻮﻓ�ﻪﻈﻔﻟ���ﻋ�ﻩﻮﻘﺑﺃ�ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ�،ﻢﻴﺗﻮﺻ�ﻪ�ﺮ ّﻋ�ﻢهﻀﻌ�ﻭ�،ﻆﻓﻻﻭ�،ﺖ�ﻮﺻﻭ�،ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺻ�ﺓﺪﺣﻭﻭ�،ﺕﻮﺻ���ﺇ�ﺏﺮﻌﻟﺍ

  ﺎهﻈﻔﻟ�ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ�ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺱﻮﻤهﻣ ﺖﻣﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍ

  ����ﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻓ � ٣٢ �ﻂ ﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ�ﻎﻠﺒ�ﻭ�،ﻢﻴﻧﻮﻓ � ١٤١ ���ﺇ � ١٢ �ﻥ�ﺑ�ﺡﻭﺍ��ﻳ�ﺩﺪﻌﻟﺍ�ﻥﺃ�ﺔﺜﻳﺪ��ﺍ�ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ�ﺮهﻈﺗﻭ�،ﻯﺮﺧﺃ���ﺇ�ﺔﻐﻟ�ﻦﻣ�ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻔﻟﺍ

  ʃ ( . ﻝﻮﻘ�ﻭ � ١٢٤ �ﺹ � ١٩٩٧ �,ﻥﺍﺮﻌﺴﻟﺍ) �ﺖﻣﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍﻭ�ﺖﺋﺍﻮﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﻥ�ﻓﻭﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻥ�ﻤﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻢﺴﻗ ��ﺇ ��ﺘ�ﻳ ﻲﻣﻼﻛ ﺕﻮﺻ � � ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻮﻟﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ type of articulation articles sound ﻥ�ﻤﺴﻗ ��ﺇ � �ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ��ﻋ � �ﺕﺎﻗﻮﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ � �ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍﻷ ﻢﺴﻘﺗ"�ﺮﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣ ﺪﻤﺣﺃ

  ( Consonant vowels :

  �ﻩﺎﻔﺸﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﺼﺘﻟﺍ�ﺐﻠﻄﺘﻳ�ﻑﺮﺣﺍﻷ�ﻩﺬه�ﻖﻄﻧ ﻲﻔﻗﻭ�ﻥﺎﺘﻔﺷ

  ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛﻭ ﻻﻭﺃ

  �. �ﺖﻣﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ�ﻦﻛﺍﻮﺴﻟﺍ � � �ﺖﺋﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ�ﻞﻠﻌﻟﺍ �: � � ﺎﻤه ٥٨٩ �ﺹ � ١٩٩٩ �,ﺭﻭﺪﻗ) �ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ�ﻝﺎﺒ��ﺍ����� ﻭ� ، ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ�ﺎهﻀﻌ��ﻊﻣ ﺱﻮﻤهﻣ

  /i, e, a, ə, o, u, p, t, c, k, b, d, j, g, m, n, ñ, η, s, h, r, l, w, y/

  �:���ﻭ � ،(ﺎﺘﺋﺍﻮﺻﻭ�ﺎﺘﻣﺍﻮﺻ) � ﺎﻴﻌﻄﻗ�ﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻓ � ٢٤ �ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﻺﻟ � ﻥ�ﺘﻔﺸﻟﺍ � ﻼﻛ� ﻥﺃ� ﺚﻴﺤﺑ � ﺎهﻈﻔﻟ� ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ

  ( : Kentjono 2005 /f, z,

  ʃ, χ/ �ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺎﺑ�ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻓ ﻚﻠﺗ � ﺰﻣﺮﻳ � ١٦٤ �) ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻹ � �� � ﺎ��ﺎﻌﻴ�ﺳﻻ � ��ﺘﻌ� � �ﻥﺎ��ﻮﻟ�ﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻓ � ٢٨ �ﺎهﻟ �ﻭﺃ �

  �ﻭﺃ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﺯﻮﻣﺭ�.ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ����ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍﻭ�ﺎ��ﻠﻋ�ﻑﺭﺎﻌﺘﳌﺍ�ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ�ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ����ﺎﻓﺮﺣ � ٢٦ ���ﻋ�ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻷ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻱﻮﺘﺤﺗ �. ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻣﻭﺮﻟﺍ �ﺕﺩﺭﻭ�ﺎﻤﻛ�ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺍﻷ�ﻩﺬه�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﺑ�ﻡﺍ��ﻟﺍﻻ���ﺇ�ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ�ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ����ﺔﻘﻴﺛﻮﻟﺍ�ﺺﻧ�ﺭﺎﺷﺃ�ﺪﻗﻭ�،ﺎهﺼﻧ����ﺩﺭﻭ�ﺎﻣ�ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﺑ�ﻚﻟﺫﻭ�،ﻪﺘﻏﺎﻴﺻ A B C .. (Kapital)

  ﻝﻭﺍﻷ���ﺴ��ﻥ�ﻤﺴﻗ���ﺇ�ﻢﺴﻘﺗ���ﻓ�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ����ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻜهﻭ ﻞﺜﻣ�ﺓ��ﺒﻜﻟﺍ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ�ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻭ �

  ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ �ﻡﺪﻋﻭ �ﺎهﻓﺮﺣ�ﻞ ﻘﻨﺑ�ﻚﻟﺫﻭ�ﺔﻴﻠﺻﺍﻷ�ﺎ��ﻐﻠﺑ a b c (Kecil)

  �ﺎﺒﻨﺟ���ﻐﺼﻟﺍﻭ ��ﺒﻜﻟﺍ�ﻪﻴﻋﻮﻨﺑ�ﻑﺮﺣ�ﻞ� ���ﺎهﻭ �ﻪﺗﺎﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ�ﻉﻮﻧ�ﻞ�ﻟﻭ ﻞﺜﻣ�ﺓ ��ﻐﺼﻟﺍ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ�ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻭ ﻲ�ﺎﺜﻟﺍ���ﺴ�ﻭ ﻭﺃ �. ﻑﺪهﻟﺍ�ﺔ ﻐﻟ����ﺔﺌﻓﺎ�ﻣ�ﻑﺮﺣﺄﺑ�ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ�ﺔﻐﻟ����ﺔﻴﻠﺻﺍﻷ�ﺔﻤﻠ�ﻟﺍ�ﻦﻋ���ﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ��� � ��ﺮ��ﺍ�ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺍ �ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ A a , B b , C c , D d , E e , F f , G g , H h , I i , J j , K k , L l , M m , N n , O o , P p , Q q , R r, , S s , T t , U u, V v , W w :

  � ﺐﻨﺟ���ﺇ � ﺍﺬه .ﻦﻜﻣﺃ�ﺎﻤﻠ��ﺪﺣﺍﻭ�ﻑﺮﺣﻭ�ﻑﺮﺤﺑ�ﻑﺮﺣ�ﻞ��ﺔﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣﻭ�ﻥ�ﺘﻐﻟ�ﻥ�ﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺗ�ﻉﺎﻘﻳﺇ�ﻱﺃ�،ﺮﺧﺁ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ�ﻡﺎﻈﻨﺑ�ﺎهﻤﺳﺭﻭ ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ ��� , X x , Y y , Z z

  �ﺏﻮ��ﳌﺍ) � ﻪﺗﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ�ﻢﻈﻌﻣ����ﻢﻴﺸﺧ���هﻓ���ﻋ�ﻪﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ�ﻉﺎﺷﺃﻭ�، ﺓﺮﺤﻘﻨﻟﺍ �ﺔﻤﻠ�ﺑ � ﺩﺭﻮﳌﺍ����ﻲ�ﺒﻠﻌﺒﻟﺍ���ﻨﻣ�ﻪﺘﺤﻧ�ﺡﻼﻄﺻ ﺍﻻ ً ً )

  ʃ �ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍ� ��ﻭ� ﺓ��ﺼﻗ� ﺔﺛﻼﺛ� : � ﺖﺋﺍﻮﺻ � ﻑﻭﺮﺣ � ٦ �ﻭ ﺎ�ﻮﺘﻜﻣ � ﺎﺘﻣﺎﺻ ﺎﻓﺮﺣ � ٢٨ � ًﺎﺗﻮﺻ � ٣٤ � ﺎهﻟ� ﺖﻧﺎ� � ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ� ﺔﻐﻠﻟ � ﺎﻣﺍ

  �ــﻟﺍﻭ�( )�ــﺑ�ﻪﻟ�ﺎهﻣﺰﻳ���ﻟﺍ�/ �ﻞﺜﻣ�،ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﺔ�ﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍﻷ�ﻥ�ﺑ�ﺎهﺪﺠﻧ�ﺎهﺪﺠﻧﻻ���ﻟﺍ�ﺖﻣﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍ�ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ�ﺖﻟﻭﺎﺘﺗ�ﻭ .� ٢٠١٢ �ﺩﺪﻋ� ﺢﺒﺼﻴﻟ� ،ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ� ﻑﻭﺮﺣ� ��ﺇ ﺓﺰﻤهﻟﺍ� ﻑﺮﺣ� ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ� ﺐﺠﻳ� ﻪﻧﺃ� ﻥ��ﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ� ﺾﻌ�� ﻯﺮ�ﻭ .� (ﺓﺩﻭﺪﻤﻣ� ﺔﺛﻼﺛﻭ� ﺔﻤﻀﻟﺍﻭ� ﺓﺮﺴﻜﻟﺍﻭ

  � ��ﺇ�ﺉﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ �ﺏﺎﻴﻏ���ﺇ�ﺩﻮﻌ��ﻚﻟﺫ����ﺐ�ﺴﻟﺍ ،� ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺎﺑ �ﺔﻴﺴ � ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ�ﻡﻼﻋﺍﻻ�ﺀﺎﻤﺳ ﺍﻷ�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ�ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺗ�ﺪﻗﻭ�./ /ﻭ /�ـﻟﺍ�ﻭ � ( ً

  / Al-Nassir 1993:11

  �ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺗ���ﺇ�ﻑﺪ���ﺔﻟﺎﻘﳌﺍ�ﻩﺬه�ﻥﺈﻓ�،ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ �.ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﻑﻭﺮﺤﺑ�ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ�ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺍ�ﻲ�ﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ�ﻞﻘﻧ�ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ�ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ � ﺔ�ﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌﺍ � ﻡﺎ�ﺣﺃ ʔ, b, t̪, θ, dʒ, ħ, χ, d̪, ð, r, z, s, ʃ, sˁ, d̪ˁ, t̪ˁ, ðˁ, ʕ, ɣ, f, q, k, l, m, n, �:���ﺕﻮﻗﺍﻻ�ﻚﻠﺗﻭ . �) ﺎﻓﺮﺣ � ٢٩ �ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ

  h, w, j, a, i, u, a:, i:, u: / . ﻞ�ﺎﺸﳌﺍ �ﻚﻠﺗ�ﻝﻮﻠ���ﺡ��ﻘﻣ�ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺗﻭ�ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺎﺑ�ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ�ﻡﻼﻋﺍﻷ�ﺀﺎﻤﺳ ﺍ �ﻲ�ﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ�ﻞﻘﻧ ��� � ﻞ�ﺎﺸﻣ �،ﺕ�،ﺏ�،ﺓﺰﻤه � �:��ﻭ���ﻋ�،ﺀﺎﻴﻟﺍﻭ�ﻮﻟﻮﻟﺎﺑ���ﺘ�ﺗﻭ�ﺓﺰﻤهﻟﺎﺑ��ﺃﺪ ﺗﺒ ���ﻟﺍ�ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﻑﻭﺮﺤﺑ�ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍﻻ�ﻚﻠﺗ�ﺰﻣ��ﻓ �.

  ﻱﺯﺎ�� ،� � �; ٢٤٣ ﺹ ٢٠٠٠ ،� ﺮ ﺸ�) � ﻱ�،ﻭ�،ه�،ﻥ�،ﻡ�،ﻝ�،ﻙ�،ﻕ�،ﻑ�،ﻍ�،ﻉ�،ﻅ�،ـﻃ�،ﺽ�،ﺹ�،ﺵ�،ﺱ�،ﺯ�،ﺭ�،ﺫ�،ـﺩ�،ﺥ�،ﺡ�،ﺝ�،ﺙ

  ُ َ (

  / / / / / / : (vowels) ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ

  ﻭﺃ ﺔﻠ�ﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺓﺮﺴﻜﻟﺍﻭ�، ـــــ ـــــ ﺔﻤﻀﻟﺍﻭ ، ـــ ـــــ ﺔﺤﺘﻔﻟﺍ ��ﻓ ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ �� ﺖﺋﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ .� ٤٦ �ﺹ � ٢٠٠٧ ــــِـــــ

  َ ُ

  (Watson, / / / / / � ﺔﻠ�ﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺴﻜﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻤﻀﺑ ﺔﻗﻮﺒﺴﻣ ﻭﺍﻭ ��ﻭ ﻮ ـــــــــــ ﺔﻠ�ﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻀﻟﺍﻭ � ، ﺔﺤﺘﻔﺑ ﺔﻗﻮﺒﺴﻣ ﻒﻟﺃ ��ﻭ ﺎ ـــــــ ﻒﻟﺍﻷ

  ﻰــِــــــ �ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ� ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ � ﺔﻴﻧﻭ��ﻜﻟﺍﻹ� ﻡﻼﻋﺍﻹ� ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ � ﻦﻣ� ﺔﻘﺘﺸﻣ � ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ � ��ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺳ�ﻭﺃ � ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ � ﺎ��ﺪﻟ � ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ � ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ

  �ﺪﻗ ﻭ� ﺎﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍ � ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺃ���ﻋ�ﻱﻮﺘﺤﻳ�ﻱﺬﻟﺍ � ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ � ﺔﻴﻧﻭ��ﻜﻟﺍﻹ�ﺔﻓﺎ��ﻟﺍ � ﻮه � ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ�ﺭﺪﺼﻣ .� ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻹ � ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺃ ���ﻋ�ﻱﻮﺘﺤ� ﻭ �� �. ﻯﺮﺧﺃ�ﺕﺎﻐﻟ����ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ�ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻓ�ﺕﺎﻳﺩﺄﺘﻟﺍ�ﻩﺬه�ﻞ�ﺸ��ﺪﻗ�،ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ�ﺔﻐﻟ����ﺕﺎﻳﺩﺄﺗ�ﺓﺪﻋ�ﺪﺣﺍﻮﻟﺍ�ﻢﻴﻧﻮﻔﻟﺍ�ﻞﻤﺤﻳ�ﺪﻗ

  2007:1) �����.

  �ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ � ﺖﻧ��ﻧﺍﻹ�ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻣ � ٣٠ � ﻙﺎﻨه �. � ﺔﻓﺩﺎهﻟﺍ�ﻭﺃ�ﺔﻳﺪﻤﻌﻟﺍ�ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ �ﺬﺧﺃ � ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺗ � ﻖ�ﺮﻃ�ﻦﻋ�ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ � ﺕﺬﺧﺃ ٌ

  /Buku/ /Buka/ /Pola/ /Bola/ � ﻚﻟﺫ ��ﻌﻣ ﻭ � ﻥ�ﺘﻤﻠ�ﻟﺍ ﻥ� �ﻭ � �ﻭ ﻥ�ﺘﻤﻠ�ﻟﺍ ﻥ�ﺑ ﻼﺜﻣ ��ﻌﳌﺍ �� ﺮُﻳﺎُﻐ� � ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﻼﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ

  � � ﻞﺒﻗ�ﻦﻣ � ﺖ�ﺮﺟﺃ � ��ﻟﺍ�ﺙﻮﺤﺒﻟﺍ � ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ�ﻦﻣ � ﺔ ﻘ ﺘ ﺸ �ﻣ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ � ﺾﻌ� � ﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ�ﻩﺬه��� � ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺃ � ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ � ﺭﺪﺼﻣ �ﻥﻮ�ﺗ ���ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ ّ

  /Pola/ /Bola/ [u] [a] [B] [P]

   �ﺔﻤﻠ� ﻭ�، ﺓﺮﻛ���ﻌﻤﺑ �ﺔﻤﻠ� � ،ﺕﺎﻤﻠ�ﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ ﺕ� �ﻏ ﺎ��ﻷ ؛ ﺔ ﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺕ ﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻓ � �ﻭ �ﻭ �ﻭ ﻦﻣ�ﻞ��ﻥﺃ � ﺕﻮﺻ

  .( ) /Buku/ /Buka/

  ﻕﺮﻔﺗ ﻪﺒﺸ� ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻠ�ﻟﺍ ﻥ�ﺑ ��ﻓ ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ �� ﺎﻣﺃ �.ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ���ﻌﻤﺑ �ﺔﻤﻠ� �،ﺢﺘﻓ ���ﻌﻤﺑ �ﺔﻤﻠ� �،ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ���ﻌﻤﺑ

  � ��ﻟﺍ � ﺔ ﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧ ﺍﻻ � ﺀﺎ ﻤﺳ ﺍﻻ � ��ﻋ�ﺭﻮﺜﻌﻟﺍ ،ﻻﻭﺃ �، ��ﺎﺘﻟﺍ�ﻮﺤﻨﻟﺍ���ﻋ � ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻣ�ﻥﻮ�ﺗ � ﻥﺃ�ﻦﻜﻤ �ﺗ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ���ﻋ�ﻝﻮﺼ��ﺍ � ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﺟﺇ

  /

  / / / " " " : " ﻝﻮﻘﻧ

  . ﻥﺎﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻓ ﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﺬﻟﻭ ؛ﻞﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎ� ﻭ ﻝﺎﻗ ﻦﺤﻨﻓ ﻥ�ﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺬه �ﺍ ��ﺧﺍﻭ � ،��ﻭﺍﻷ � ﺓﻮﻄ��ﺍ�ﻦﻣ�ﺎ��ﻠﻋ�ﻝﻮﺼ��ﺍ � ﻢﺗ���ﻟﺍ�ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ � ��ﻋ �ﻲ�ﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ�ﻞﻘﻧ � ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ�ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ � ،ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛﻭ �، ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ �ﻑﺮﺣﺄ �ﺑ ﺔ�ﻮﺘﻜﻣ

  � ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ �ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍﻭ�ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍﻷ�،ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎ�ﺷﺍﻹ�ﻩﺬه�ﻦﻣﻭ � ﺎهﺭﻮﻄﺗ�ﻖﻴﻌ��ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ�ﺕﺎﻳﺪﺤﺗﻭ�ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎ�ﺷﺇ�ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺗ � ﺖﻠﻘﻧ � ��ﻟﺍ � ﻥﺪﳌﺍﻭ � ﺹﺎ��ﺍﻷ � ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺃ � ﺎ��ﻣ � ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ � ﻡﻼﻋﺍﻷ � ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺃ � ﺓﺮﺤﻘﻧ � ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ � ��ﺎﻌ� � ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ � ﻩﺬه ﻭ .� ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ � ﻒﻴ�ﺼﺗ

  �ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻊﻣﺎﺠﻣ�ﺕﺰ���ﺪﻗﻭ�ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ����ﺎهﻔﻴﻇﻮﺗ�ﻢﺗ � ﺔﻴ�ﻨﺟﺃ�ﻢﻠﻋ�ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺃ�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ�ﺔﻟﺎﺣ����ﺔﺻﺎﺧ�ﻭ�،ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ����ﺔ�ﻮﺘﻜﳌﺍ .ﻖﻴﺛﻮﺘﻟﺍ � ﻝﻼﺧ � ﻦﻣ � ��ﺟ��ﻟﺍﻭ � ﻲ�ﺎﺴﻠﻟﺍ � ﻞ��ﺍ � ��ﺇ � ﻉﻮﺟﺮﻟﺎﺑ � ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ � ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺎ ﺑ .

  : ﺎﻌﻗﺍﻭ�ﺎهﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ�ﺕﺎﺑ���ﻟﺍ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ�ﻩﺬه�ﻦﻣﻭ � ﻞﺋﺍﺪﺑ�ﻦﻣ�ﻪﺘﺣﺮﻃ�ﺎﻤﻴﻓ�ﻖﻓﻮﺗ�ﻢﻟ �ﻦﻜﻟﻭ �ﺎهﻟ�ﻞﻳﺪﺑ�ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺇ�ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧﻷﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺕ ﺎﻳﻮﺼ ﺗ

  �ﺔﻤﻴﻗ

  �ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ�ﺕﺎﻴﻄﻌﻤﺑ�ﺔ��ﺴﻣ�ﺔﺜﻳﺪﺣ�ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ�ﺔﻴ��ﺍ�ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ���ﺇ�ﻥﻮ�ﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻪﺟﻮﺗ�ﺬﻨﻣ �ﺍﻭﺅﺪﺑ�ﻥﺃ�ﺬﻨﻣﻭ�،ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ

  ﺔﻳﺪﺠﺑﺍﻷ �ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻧﻮﻔﻟﺍ

  �ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ� ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺘﻛ� ﺓﺪﺣﻭ� ﺎﻤ��ﻣ� ﻝﻭﺍﻷ� ﻞ�ﺸ�� ﻥ�ﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ� ﻥ���ﻄﺼﻣ� ﺎﻤ��ﻮ�� ﺱﺎﺳﺃ� ��ﻋ� ،ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍﻭ� ﻑﺮ��ﺍ� ﻲﻣﻮهﻔﻣ� ﻥ�ﺑ� ﻥﻮﻗﺮﻔﻳ

  �ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ � ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻣ �ﻉﻮﻧ ﺔﻴﻧ ﺎ ﻣﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ � ﻝﺎﺣ �ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺒﻔﻟﺍﻷ

  �ﻦﻣ�ﻥ�ﻋﻮﻧ�ﻥ�ﺑ�ﻥﻮ�ﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻕﺮﻓ�ﺍﺬه���ﻋ�ﺀﺎﻨ�ﻭ�.ﺔﻐﻠﻟ�ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ�ﻲ�ﻮﺼﻟﺍ�ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻠﻟ�ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ�ﺔﻴﻘﻄﻧ�ﺓﺪﺣﻭ�ﻲ�ﺎﺜﻟﺍ�ﻞ�ﺸ�ﻭ�ﻱﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻠﻟ

  ) ﻪﺘﻔﺻﻭ ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ �ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ

  �ﻕﺩﺃ�ﻞ�ﺸ��ﻭﺃ)�ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ�ﻞ�ﺸ����ﻟﺍ�،ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ�،ﺎ��ﻓ�ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺍﻷ�ﺓﺪﺣﻮﻟﺍ�ﻑﺮ��ﺍ�ﻞ�ﺸ����ﻟﺍ�ﺔﻴﺋﺎ ��ﻟﺍ�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ�،ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ

  ( ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ

  �. ١٩٨٢ �ﻥﺍﻮﺿﺭ) � ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺍﻷ�ﺎ��ﺪﺣﻭ � (ﻢﻴﻧﻮﻔﻟﺍ � ��ﻋ � ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻟﺍ� ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻗ � ﻊﺿﻭ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ � ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﺱﻮﻤهﻣ �ﻲﻔﻗﻭ � ﻲﻘﺒﻃ

  �ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﻥ�ﺛﺪﺤﳌﺍ ﻥ��ﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺾﻌ� ﺪﻨﻋ�ﻑﺮﻌ�ﻭ ،ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍﻷ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻭﺃ ،ﺹﺎﺧ ﺕﻮﺻ ﻮه ﻱﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ Dorso-velar stop

  �ﺍﺬﻜه ﻭ ﺎ� ﺌﺟﺎﻔ �ﻣ ���� � ﺀﺍﻮهﻟﺍ �ﻢﺛ ﻮﺧﺮﻟﺍ�ﻚﻨ��ﺍ � ١٩٩٧ ،� ﻥﺍﺮﻌﺴﻟﺍ) � ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺙﺪﺤﺗ ��ﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍﻷ ﺮﺋﺎﺳ ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻳ ﻮهﻓ ،ﻲ�ﺎﺴ�ﺍﻹ ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﺯﺎهﺟ ﻦﻋ ﺭﺪﺼﻳ ﺕﻮﺻ

  /g/ G voiceless � ﻦﻣ �ﻼﺻﺎﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻟﺍ�ﻦﻣ � ﻲﻔﻠ�� ﺍ�ﺀﺰ�� ﺍ ���ﺣ

  �ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺻ�ﺓﺪﺣﻭ�ﺮﻐﺻﺃ�ﻮه � �ﻢﻴﻧﻮﻔﻟﺍ ،ﻢﻴﻧﻮﻔﻟﺎﺑ�ﻩﺎﻤﺴ����ﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍﻷ �ﻦﻣ�ﺎ��ﻴﻌ��ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ���ﻋ�ﻞﻤﺘﺸ��ﺔﻐﻟ�ﻞ� �. ٨٥ � ﺹ

  . ﺓﺎهﻠﻟﺍ

  ﻯﺮﺧﺃﻭ �ﻥﻮﻔﻟﺆﳌﺍ� ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ� ﺪﻗﻭ� .��ﺇ� ... ﺡ ﺝ ﺙ ﺕ ﺏ � ﻞﺜﻣ�. � ﺔﻤﻠ�� ﻥ�ﺑ���ﻌﳌﺍ� ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺇ� ��ﺇ� ﻱﺩﺆﺗ� ﺓﺩﺮﺠﻣ

  ﻱﺭﺎﻏ�ﻱﻮﺜﻟ �ﻝﺎﺒ��ﺍ����� ﻭ� �ﺭﺎﻐﻟﺎﺑ�ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻟﺍ�ﻂﺳﻭ�ﻕﺎﺼﺘﻟﺍ � ﺔﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ �

  �ﺩﺪﻋ�ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻳ � ﻢﻴﻧﻮﻓ�ﻪﻈﻔﻟ���ﻋ�ﻩﻮﻘﺑﺃ�ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ�،ﻢﻴﺗﻮﺻ�ﻪ�ﺮ ّﻋ�ﻢهﻀﻌ�ﻭ�،ﻆﻓﻻﻭ�،ﺖ�ﻮﺻﻭ�،ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺻ�ﺓﺪﺣﻭﻭ�،ﺕﻮﺻ���ﺇ�ﺏﺮﻌﻟﺍ

  ﺎهﻈﻔﻟ�ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ�ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺱﻮﻤهﻣ ﺖﻣﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍ

  ����ﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻓ � ٣٢ �ﻂ ﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ�ﻎﻠﺒ�ﻭ�،ﻢﻴﻧﻮﻓ � ١٤١ ���ﺇ � ١٢ �ﻥ�ﺑ�ﺡﻭﺍ��ﻳ�ﺩﺪﻌﻟﺍ�ﻥﺃ�ﺔﺜﻳﺪ��ﺍ�ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ�ﺮهﻈﺗﻭ�،ﻯﺮﺧﺃ���ﺇ�ﺔﻐﻟ�ﻦﻣ�ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻔﻟﺍ

  /t C ʃ/ palato-alveolar

  ﻝﻮﻘ�ﻭ � ١٢٤ �ﺹ � ١٩٩٧ �,ﻥﺍﺮﻌﺴﻟﺍ) �ﺖﻣﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍﻭ�ﺖﺋﺍﻮﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﻥ�ﻓﻭﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻥ�ﻤﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻢﺴﻗ ��ﺇ ��ﺘ�ﻳ ﻲﻣﻼﻛ ﺕﻮﺻ � � ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻮﻟﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ affricate voiceless ﻥ�ﻤﺴﻗ ��ﺇ � �ﻖﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ��ﻋ � �ﺕﺎﻗﻮﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ � �ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍﻷ ﻢﺴﻘﺗ"�ﺮﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣ ﺪﻤﺣﺃ

  �ﻩﺎﻔﺸﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﺼﺘﻟﺍ�ﺐﻠﻄﺘﻳ�ﻑﺮﺣﺍﻷ�ﻩﺬه�ﻖﻄﻧ ﻲﻔﻗﻭ�ﻥﺎﺘﻔﺷ

  ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛﻭ ﻻﻭﺃ

  �. �ﺖﻣﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ�ﻦﻛﺍﻮﺴﻟﺍ � � �ﺖﺋﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ�ﻞﻠﻌﻟﺍ �: � � ﺎﻤه ٥٨٩ �ﺹ � ١٩٩٩ �,ﺭﻭﺪﻗ) /p/ P

  �ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ�ﻝﺎﺒ��ﺍ����� ﻭ� ، ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ�ﺎهﻀﻌ��ﻊﻣ ﺱﻮﻤهﻣ ə

  η �:���ﻭ � ،(ﺎﺘﺋﺍﻮﺻﻭ�ﺎﺘﻣﺍﻮﺻ) � ﺎﻴﻌﻄﻗ�ﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻓ � ٢٤ �ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﻺﻟ

  Bilabial stop � ﻥ�ﺘﻔﺸﻟﺍ � ﻼﻛ� ﻥﺃ� ﺚﻴﺤﺑ � ﺎهﻈﻔﻟ� ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ

  ʃ χ �ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺎﺑ�ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻓ ﻚﻠﺗ � ﺰﻣﺮﻳ � ١٦٤ �) ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻹ � �� � ﺎ��ﺎﻌﻴ�ﺳﻻ � ��ﺘﻌ� � �ﻥﺎ��ﻮﻟ�ﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻓ � ٢٨ �ﺎهﻟ �ﻭﺃ � voicedless ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﺤﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﻧﻭﺪﻧ ﻻﺍ ﻡﻼﻋﻻﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺍ (ﻑﺮﺤﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ) ﺓﺮﺤﻘﻧ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻣ

  � ﺔﺿﺎﻔﻀﻓ � ﻱﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻱﻮﻔﺷ�ﻲ�ﺎﻨﺳﺃ

  � ﻦﻣ � � ﻲﻔﻠ��ﺍ � ﺀﺰ��ﺍ �) � � ﻚﻨ��ﺍ � � ﻢ��ﻣ�ﺀﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ�ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻭ�ﺎ���ﻥ�ﻘﻃﺎﻨﻠﻟ�ﺕﺎﻳﺪﺤﺗ�ﻞ�ﺸ�ﻭ�،ﺎهﺭﻮﻄﺗ�ﻖﻴﻌ��ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ�ﺕﺎﻳﺪﺤﺗﻭ�ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎ�ﺷﺇ�ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺗ ً

  � ﺎﻌ�ﺎﻣ � ��ﻋﺍﻷ � ﻮﺤﻧ � ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻳ �( � ﻖﻠ��ﺍ � ﻒﻘﺳ ﺔﺳﻮﻤهﻣ � ﻰ �ﺎ�ﺘﺣﺍ �ﺲﻜﻋ�ﻭﺃ � ﻞﺋﺍﺪﺑ�ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ�ﻉﻮﻨﺗ �ﺪﻗ � ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ����ﺔ�ﻮﺘﻜﳌﺍ�(ﺔﻴ�ﻨﺟﺍﻷ �ﺔﻴﻤ��ﺍﻷ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍﻭ�ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺍﻷ�،ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎ�ﺷﺍﻹ�ﻩﺬه�ﻦﻣﻭ

  Labio-dental � ﺎﻤﻛ � ﻒﻧﺍﻷ � ��ﻋ � ﺝﻭﺮ��ﺍ � ﻦﻣ � ﺀﺍﻮهﻟﺍ � ﻚﻟﺬﺑ

  �ﻥ�ﺑ�ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻﻭ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺍ�ﺚﻴﺣ �ﻉﻮﻨﺗ �ﻚﻟﺫ � ﺩﺍﺩﺰﺗﻭ � ،�/ /ﻭ�/ /�ﻭ�/ /ﻭ�/ /�ـﻟﺍ�:�ﻞﺜﻣ�،ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ����ﺓﺩﻮﻘﻔ ﳌﺍ�ﺖﻣﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍ fricative voiceless

  � ﻥﺎﻨﺳﺍﻷ � ﻦﻣ � ﺔﻴﻠﻔﺴﻟﺍ � ﺔﻔﺸﻟﺍ � ﺏ��ﻘﺗ �ﻞﺜﻤﺗ � �� � ﺏﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﻝﻭﺎﺤﺗ �ﺪﺠﻧ�ﻑﻮﺳ � ﺍﺬﻟ ،� ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻣﻭﺮ ﻟﺍ�ﻑﻭﺮ��ﺎﺑ�ﺎ�ﻭﺎﺴ�ﻣ�ﻢﺳﺮﺗ�ﺎﻤهﻣ � ﺎهﺟﺭﺎﺧﻭ�ﻪﺗﺎﻔﺻ�ﺎﻣﺇ���ﺜﻜﺑ�ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻳ � ﺔ�ﺰﻠﺠﻧﺍﻻ

  /v,

  V ʋ/

  � ﺀﺍﻮهﻟﺍ � ﺭﺎﻴﺗ � ﻢﻏﺮﺗ � ﺚﻴﺤﺑ � ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻣﺍﻷ � ﺔ�ﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ �ﻞ�ﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ�ﻚﻠﺗ�ﻦﻣﻭ�. ﺔ�ﺰﻠﺠﻧﻻﺎﺑ�ﺓﺮﺛﺄﺘﻣ �ﺢﻴﺼﻔﻟﺍ�ﻲ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ�ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻟﺍ����ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ�ﻯﺮﺧﺃ�ﺖﻣﺍﻮﺻ���ﺇ �ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻹ�ﻦﻣ � ﺓﺩﻮﻘﻔﳌﺍ � ﺖﻣﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍ

  ﺭﻮﺒﻌﻟﺍ �: � ﺔﻔﺸﻟﺍ � ﻥ�ﺑ � ﻖﻴﻀﻟﺍ � ﺮﻤﳌﺍ � ﻦﻣ � � ��ﻋ

  � ﺙﺪﺤﻳ � ﺚﻴﺤﺑ � ﺔ�ﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ � ﻥﺎﻨﺳﺍﻷ � �ﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻔﺴﻟﺍ � �ﻑﺮ��ﺍ�ﺕﻼ�ﻮﺤﺗ ١

  ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ�ﺍﺬه � ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹ � ﺏﻮﻠﻄﳌﺍ � ﻙﺎ�ﺘﺣﺍﻻ

  �ﻑﻭﺮﺤﺑ�ﺓﺮﺤﻘﻧ �ﻢﺳﺍ ﺖﻧ��ﻧﺍﻹ�ﻊﻗﻮﻣ ﻭ� �ﺺﻨﻟﺍ�ﻦﻣ � ﺕﺎﻔﻄﺘﻘﻣ ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍ �ﻒﺼﺘﻨﻣ� ��ﺣ � ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻟﺍ � ﺐ��� ﻖ�ﺮﻃ� ﻦﻋ ﻰﻄﺳﻮﻟﺍ � ﺔﻠﻋ�ﻑﺮﺣ

  �، ﺝﺭﺎ��ﺍ���ﺇ � ﺀﺍﻮهﻟﺍ�ﺐ�� � ﻪﻘﻓﺍﺮﻳ ، ﻢﻔﻟﺍ�ﻑﻮﺟ ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻣ � ﻪﺒﺷ / O

  ɔ, o/ close-mid back ﻩﺎﻔﺸﻟﺍ�ﺓﺭﺍﺪﺘﺳﺍ�ﺎهﻘﻄﻧ���ﺪﺘﺴ� ﻭ�

  � ﺔﻜﻠﻤﳌ ﺍ rounded vowel

  ﻖﻧﺎﺒﻣﺎﺑ

  �ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺖﺋﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍ

  ���ﺇ � ﻭ ﻞﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ���ﺇ � ﻼﻴﻠﻗ � ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻟﺍ � ﺐ���ﻖ�ﺮﻃ ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ .

  ��� ﺝﺭﺎ��ﺍ���ﺇ � ﺀﺍﻮهﻟﺍ�ﺐ�� � ﻪﻘﻓﺍﺮﻳ �ﻒﺼﺘﻨﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﻣﺍﻷ � ﺔﻠﻋ�ﻑﺮﺣ /e / E

  ﻼﻴﻠﻗ � ﺖﻌﺴ�ﺍ � ﻢﻔﻟﺍ�ﻞ�ﺷ � ﻥﺃ�ﻥ�ﺣ ﻂﺳﻭ close-mid front unrounded vowel

  �ﻑﻭﺮـــ��ﺍ�ﻦـــﻣ � ﻑﺮـــﺣ�ﻞـــﻘﻨﻟﺍ�ﺕﻻﺎـــﺣ�ﻢـــﻈﻌﻣ��ـــ��ﺎـــهﻟ�ﻞـــﺑﺎﻘﻣ ��ـــ�ﻏ � ﺔﻴـــﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﻼﻟ � �ـــ�ﻴﺗ ﻻ � ﻑﻭﺮـــﺣ�ﺖـــﺳ � ﻥﺃ �ﻖﺑﺎـــﺴﻟﺍ�ﻝﻭﺪـــ��ﺍ�ﻦـــﻣ�ﺞﺘ�ﺘـــﺴ�ﻭ �.ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍ

  ﺮﻄﻗ

  ﺞﻨﺒﻣﺎﺑ

  ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺟﻻﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﺳﻸﻟ ﻲﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﻮ ﺤ ﺗ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻓﺮﺤﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺍ � ﺩﻮﺟﻭ � ﻞﻇ � ��ﻭ � ،ﻥ�ﺘﻐﻠﻟ � ﻲ�ﻮﺼﻟﺍ � �ﻭ ﻲ�ﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ � ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺍ � ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷ � ﺔ�ﺮهﻮ��ﺍ � ﻕﻭﺮﻔﻟﺍ � ﺢﻤﻠﻧ � ﺔﻴ�ﺮﻌﻟﺎ �ﺑ ﺔﻴﺴ�ﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍﻻ � ﺀﺎﻤﺳﺍﻷ � ﻞﻘﻨﺗ � ﻥ�ﺣ

  ̥ ̥aŋ]

  ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻝﻮﻠﺣ

  � � �� � ﺕﺎﻴﻋﺍﺪﺗ � ﺡﺮﻄﻳ � ﻱﺬﻟﺍ � ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺍ � ﺀﺎﻄﺧﺃ � �� � ﻉﻮﻗﻮﻟﺍ � ﻦﻣ � ﻊﻨﻤﻳ � ﻢﻟ � ﻚﻟﺫ � ﻥﺈﻓ � ﻲ�ﺮﻌﻟﺍﻭ � ��ﻴﺗﻼﻟﺍ � ﻑﺮ��ﻟ � ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ � ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﳌﺍ � phonetic/phonemic Transliteration )�ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍﻭ�( �ﺓﺮﺤﻘﻨﻟﺍ)�ﺔﻴﻓﺮ��ﺍ�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ�ﻥ�ﺑ�ﻕﺮﻔﻧ�ﻥﺃ�ﺎﻨﻟ�ﺪﺑ�ﻻ�ﺎﻨهﻭ . � ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍﻻ transcription

  �ﻑﺪهﻟﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ����(ًﺎﻨﻜﻤﻣ�ﻚﻟﺫ �ﻥﺎ��ﺎﻤﻠ�)�ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻳ�ﺎﻣ���ﺇ�ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻦﻣ�ﻑﺮﺣ�ﻞﻘﻧ�ﻪﺑ�ﺪﺼﻘﻳ�ﻝﻭﺍﻷ���ﻄﺼﳌﺎﻓ�.( �ﺪﻴﻘﺘﻟﺍ�ﻥﻭﺩ�ﻦﻣ��ﻑﺪهﻟﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ����ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻳ�ﺎﻣ���ﺇ�ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ�ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﻦﻣ�ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ�ﻞﻘﻧ�ﻪﺑ�ﺩﺍﺮﻳ�ﻲ�ﺎﺜﻟﺍ�ﺎﻤﻨ�ﺑ�،ﻲ�ﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ�ﺎهﺭﺎﻴﻌﳌ�ًﺎﻘﻓﻭ�ﻚﻟﺫﻭ

  ﻖﻨﺒﻣﺎﺑ

  ﺮﻄﻗ Abdurrahman

  ‘Abd Alrhmn .( � ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ )�ﻮهﻓ�ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ�ﺔﻟﺎ��ﺍ�ﻝﺎﺜﻣ�ﺎﻣﺃ�،( � ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ )���ﻭﺍﻷ�ﺔﻟﺎ��ﺍ���ﻋ�ًﻻﺎﺜﻣﻭ�.��ﺮ��ﺍ

  ���ﻋ���ﻄﻳ�ﺎهﻟ� ًﺎﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ� ًﺎﻓﺪه�ﺍﺬه�ﻞﻌﺠﺗ�ﺫﺇ�،���ﺎﺳﺃ�ﻞ�ﺸ��ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ�(ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻧﻮﻓ�ﻭﺃ)�ﺕﺍﻮﺻﺃ�ﻥﺎﻴﻌﻠﻟ�ﺯ��ﺗ�ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ�ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ �ﻊﺿﻮﻣ�ﻦﻣ�ﺎ��ﻟﺇ�ﺰﻣﺮﻳ�ﻱﺬﻟﺍ�ﻲ�ﺎ��ﻟﺍ�ﻑﺮ��ﺍﻭ�ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍ�ﺓﺪﺣﻮﻟﺍ�ﻥ�ﺑ�ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ�ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗﻭ�،ﺎهﺎﺳﺎﻨ�ﻳ�ﻥﺃ�ﻥﻭﺩ�ﻯﺮﺧﺍﻷ�ﺔ�ﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ�ﺕﻼﺼﻟﺍ �ﻥﺎﻴﺣﺃ���ﻭ�،ﺩﺪﺤﻣ�ﺪﺣﺍﻭ�ﺕﻮﺼﻟ� ًﺍﺰﻣﺭ�ﻑﺮ��ﺍ�ﻥﻮ�ﻳ�ﻥ�ﺣ�ﻚﻟﺫﻭ�،ﺔﺘﺑﺎﺛ�ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟ�ﺔ ﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ�ﻩﺬه�ﻊﻀﺨﺗ�ﻥﺎﻴﺣﺍﻷ�ﺾﻌ��ﻲﻔﻓ�.ﺮﺧﻵ ���ﺘﻌ��ﻱﺬﻟﺍ�ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ���ﻏ�ﺮﺧﺁ� ًﺎﺗﻮﺻ�ﺎهﺪﻨﻋ�ﻑﺮ��ﺍ�ﺎﻨﻴﻄﻌ��ﺔﻴﻌﺿﻮﻣ�ﺔﻴﻃﺮﺷ�ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻘﻟ�ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍﻭ�ﻑﺮ��ﺍ�ﻥ�ﺑ�ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ�ﻊﻀﺨﺗ�ﻯﺮﺧﺃ �ﺍﺬه�ﻪﻟ�ﺰﻣﺮﻳ�ﻱﺬﻟﺍ�ﺕﻮﺼﻟﺍ���ﻐﺘﻳ�ﻭﺃ�،(ًﺎ ﻤﻴﻣ�ﺔ�ﻮﺘﻜﳌﺍ�ﻥﻮﻨﻟﺍ�ﻖﻄﻨﺗ�ﺚﻴﺣ�،ﻝﺎﺜﳌﺍ�ﻞﻴ�ﺳ���ﻋ�،"ﺀﺎﺒﻧﺃ"�ﺔﻤﻠ�����ﺎﻤﻛ)�ﻪﻟ� ًﺎﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ� ًﺍﺰﻣﺭ

  ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻟ

  ﻎ�ﺎﺒﻣﺎﺑ