Change Requests | OGC
OGC 10-025r1
Open Geospatial Consortium
Date: 2011-03-22
Reference number of this OGC® project document:
OGC name of this OGC® project document:
OGC 10-025r1
http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/OMXML/2.0
Version: 2.0
Category: OGC® Implementation
Editor: Simon Cox
Observations and Measurements - XML Implementation
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Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
OGC 10-025r1
Contents
i.
Abstract .................................................................................................................. v
ii.
Keywords ............................................................................................................... v
iii.
Preface .................................................................................................................... v
iv.
Submitting organizations .................................................................................... vi
v.
Submission contact points ................................................................................... vi
vi.
Changes to the OGC® Abstract Specification ................................................... vi
vii.
Future work ......................................................................................................... vii
Foreword ......................................................................................................................... viii
Introduction ...................................................................................................................... ix
1
Scope....................................................................................................................... 1
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
Conformance ......................................................................................................... 1
Overview ................................................................................................................ 1
Specification identifier .......................................................................................... 1
Conformance classes related to Observations and Measurements
instances ................................................................................................................. 2
3
Normative references ............................................................................................ 4
4
Terms and definitions ........................................................................................... 5
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
Conventions ........................................................................................................... 7
Abbreviated terms ................................................................................................ 7
Schema language ................................................................................................... 7
Document presentation of the specification ........................................................ 7
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
XML Schema for Observations and Sampling Features................................... 8
Introduction ........................................................................................................... 8
XML Schema Packaging ...................................................................................... 8
XML elements ....................................................................................................... 9
Conformance with O&M model .......................................................................... 9
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
Requirements for XML instances of Observations and Measurements ........ 15
Introduction ......................................................................................................... 15
Virtual typing strategy ....................................................................................... 15
Requirements class: Generic observation data ................................................ 17
Requirements class: Measurement data ........................................................... 17
Requirements class: Category observation data .............................................. 18
Requirements class: Count observation data ................................................... 18
Requirements class: Truth observation data ................................................... 19
Requirements class: Geometry observation data............................................. 19
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OGC 10-025r1
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
7.19
7.20
Requirements class: Temporal observation data ............................................. 20
Requirements class: Complex observation data .............................................. 20
Requirements class: SWE scalar observation data.......................................... 21
Requirements class: SWE array observation data .......................................... 22
Requirements class: Spatial observation data .................................................. 22
Requirements class: Sampling feature data ..................................................... 23
Requirements class: Spatial sampling feature data ......................................... 24
Requirements class: Sampling point data......................................................... 24
Requirements class: Sampling curve data ........................................................ 25
Requirements class: Sampling surface data ..................................................... 25
Requirements class: Sampling solid data ......................................................... 26
Requirements class: Specimen data .................................................................. 26
8
Media types for Observations and Measurements data .................................. 28
Annex A
Abstract test suite (normative) .............................................................. 29
A.1 Conformance class: Generic observation data ................................................. 29
A.2 Conformance class: Measurement data ............................................................ 30
A.3 Conformance class: Category observation data............................................... 31
A.4 Conformance class: Count observation data .................................................... 31
A.5 Conformance class: Truth observation data .................................................... 32
A.6 Conformance class: Geometry observation data ............................................. 32
A.7 Conformance class: Temporal observation data ............................................. 33
A.8 Conformance class: Complex observation data ............................................... 33
A.9 Conformance class: SWE scalar observation data .......................................... 34
A.10 Conformance class: SWE array observation data ........................................... 35
A.11 Conformance class: Spatial observation data .................................................. 35
A.12 Conformance class: Sampling feature data ...................................................... 36
A.13 Conformance class: Spatial Sampling feature data ......................................... 37
A.14 Conformance class: Sampling point data ......................................................... 38
A.15 Conformance class: Sampling curve data......................................................... 39
A.16 Conformance class: Sampling surface data ...................................................... 39
A.17 Conformance class: Sampling solid data .......................................................... 40
A.18 Conformance class: Specimen data ................................................................... 40
Annex B
XML Schema implementation (informative) ....................................... 42
B.1 GML Application Schema .................................................................................. 42
B.2 Encoding rule ...................................................................................................... 42
B.2.1 Variations from standard GML encoding rule ................................................ 42
B.2.2 Virtual sub-typing of specialized classes ........................................................... 43
B.2.3 Global property elements ................................................................................... 44
Annex C
Example OMXML documents (informative) ....................................... 46
C.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 46
C.2 Observation data ................................................................................................. 46
C.2.1 A scalar observation whose result is a Measure ............................................... 46
C.2.2 A scalar observation whose result is a classification or category ................... 47
C.2.3 An observation whose result is provided out-of-band ..................................... 47
C.2.4 Observation with complex result ....................................................................... 48
C.2.5 Observation with complex result –SWE TextBlock encoding ........................ 50
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
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C.2.6
C.2.7
C.3
C.3.1
C.3.2
C.3.3
C.3.4
C.4
Observation with complex result – alternative schema for result .................. 51
Observation with spatial location indicated in a parameter ........................... 53
Spatial sampling features ................................................................................... 54
Sampling Point .................................................................................................... 54
Sampling Curve with metadata ......................................................................... 55
Sampling feature collection – sampling curve with association stations ....... 56
Sampling curve with embedded observations .................................................. 59
Specimens............................................................................................................. 64
Document revision history ............................................................................................. 66
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Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
OGC 10-025r1
i.
Abstract
This standard specifies an XML implementation for the OGC and ISO Observations and
Measurements (O&M) conceptual model (OGC Observations and Measurements v2.0
also published as ISO/DIS 19156), including a schema for Sampling Features. This
encoding is an essential dependency for the OGC Sensor Observation Service (SOS)
Interface Standard.
More specifically, this standard defines XML schemas for observations, and for features
involved in sampling when making observations. These provide document models for the
exchange of information describing observation acts and their results, both within and
between different scientific and technical communities.
ii.
Keywords
ogcdoc, o&m, observations, measurements, swe, iso_19156, sos, gml
iii.
Preface
The Observations and Measurements XML Implementation standard is part of the
revision and refactoring of O&M for its publication in two parts
(i) The conceptual model (in UML) is being published as ISO 19156 through ISO/TC
211, and jointly by OGC as a Topic 20 of the Abstract Specification.
(ii) The XML implementation is being published by OGC as an independent document
- in recognition of the fact that XML is only one of all the possible implementations
for O&M
- to decouple maintenance of the implementation from revision of the abstract model
- to better reflect the scope of activities and publications appropriate to ISO and
OGC.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
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OGC 10-025r1
iv.
Submitting organizations
The following organizations submitted this Implementation Specification to the Open
Geospatial Consortium Inc. as an Implementation Specification.
a) CSIRO Australia
b) European Commission – Joint Research Centre
c) International Geospatial Services Institute GmbH (iGSI)
d) interactive instruments
e) Science and Technology Facilities Council, NERC, UK
f) IfGI - University of Muenster
g) SpotImage
h) Geoscience Australia
v.
Submission contact points
All questions regarding this submission should be directed to the editor or the submitters:
CONTACT
vi.
COMPANY
Simon Cox
European Commission – Joint Research Centre,
CSIRO Australia
Andrew Woolf
STFC
Johannes Echterhoff
iGSI
Clemens Portele
interactive instruments
Alexandre Robin
SpotImage
Peter Taylor
CSIRO Australia
Chris Body
Geoscience Australia
Christoph Stasch
IfGI
Changes to the OGC® Abstract Specification
The OGC® Abstract Specification does not require changes to accommodate this OGC®
standard.
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OGC 10-025r1
vii.
Future work
Requirements and conformance classes for coverage observations will be defined when
consensus has been reached and a standard published for a comprehensive OGC/GML
encoding for coverages. This may be in a revision of this document, or in a separate
specification.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
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OGC 10-025r1
Foreword
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
the subject of patent rights. Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. However, to date, no such rights
have been claimed or identified.
Recipients of this document are requested to submit, with their comments, notification of
any relevant patent claims or other intellectual property rights of which they may be
aware that might be infringed by any implementation of the specification set forth in this
document, and to provide supporting documentation.
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Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
OGC 10-025r1
Introduction
This Standard arises from work originally undertaken through the Open Geospatial
Consortium’s Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) activity. SWE is concerned with
establishing interfaces and protocols that will enable a “Sensor Web” through which
applications and services will be able to access sensors of all types, and observations
generated by them, over the Web. SWE has defined, prototyped and tested several
components needed for a Sensor Web, namely:
− Sensor Model Language (SensorML).
− Observations & Measurements (O&M)
− Sensor Observation Service (SOS).
− Sensor Planning Service (SPS).
The SWE Architecture is described in the OGC Sensor Web Enablement Architecture
[OGC 06-021r4] Best Practice document.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
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OpenGIS® Encoding Standard
OGC 10-025r1
Observations and Measurements - XML Implementation
1
Scope
This Standard defines an XML implementation of schemas for observations, and for
features involved in sampling when making observations. These provide document
models for the exchange of information describing observation acts and their results, both
within and between different scientific and technical communities.
The implementation is derived from a conceptual model defined in OGC Observations
and Measurements v2.0 (also published as ISO/DIS 19156), and follows the rules for
GML Application Schemas described in OGC Geography Markup Language v3.2 (also
published as ISO 19136:2007).
2
2.1
Conformance
Overview
This Standard defines an XML implementation of the conceptual models for describing
observations and sampling features. The implementation is described using the XML
Schema language and Schematron.
Requirements for one standardization target type are considered:
-
data instances, i.e. XML documents that encode observation data for exchange;
Since data producing applications should generate conformant data instances, the
requirements and tests described in this standard also apply to this standardization target.
NOTE:
It is recognized that requirements and tests for a second standardization target type (data consuming
applications, i.e. data processing software that accepts observation data as input) are also highly desirable. However, a
general solution to specifying this target this is more challenging and has been deferred.
2.2
Specification identifier
All requirements-classes and conformance-classes described in this document are owned
by the specification identified as http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0.
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2.3
Conformance classes related to Observations and Measurements instances
The conformance rules are based on XML validation using the XML Schema
representation of OMXML, together with processing of constraints expressed using
Schematron assertions and reports.
Annex A defines a set of tests and conformance classes that will support various
applications with a range of different requirements. 18 conformance classes are
distinguished.
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OpenGIS® Encoding Standard
OGC 10-025r1
Table 1 — Conformance classes related Observations and Measurements instances
Conformance class
Description
Clause
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/observation
Observation data
A.1
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/measurement
Measurement data
A.2
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/categoryObservation
Category observation data
A.3
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/countObservation
Count observation data
A.4
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/truthObservation
Truth observation data
A.5
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/geometryObservation
Geometry observation data
A.6
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/temporalObservation
Temporal observation data
A.7
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/complexObservation
Complex observation data
A.8
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/SWEScalarObservation
Observation data with result
encoded as a SWE Common
simple data component
A.9
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/SWEArrayObservation
Observation data with result
encoded as a SWE Common
block data component
A.10
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/spatialObservation
Spatially keyed observation data
A.11
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/sampling
Sampling feature data
A.12
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/spatialSampling
Spatial sampling feature data
A.13
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingPoint
Sampling point data
A.14
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingCurve
Sampling curve data
A.15
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingSurface
Sampling surface data
A.16
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingSolid
Sampling solid data
A.17
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/specimen
Specimen data
A.18
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OGC 10-025r1
Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Geographic information – metadata – XML implementation ISO/TS 19139:2007.
urn:iso:TS:iso:19139
OGC Geography Markup Language v3.2 OGC Document 07-036
http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/GML/3.2 (also published as ISO 19136:2007,
Geographic information — Geography Markup Language)
MIME Media Types for GML OGC Document 09-141r1
http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=37743
Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition) W3C Recommendation (8 December 2009)
http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-names/
OGC Observations and Measurements v2.0 OGC Document 10-004r1
http://www.opengis.net/doc/AS/OM/2.0 (also published as ISO/DIS 19156:2010,
Geographic information — Observations and Measurements)
OGC Naming Authority (OGC-NA) Policies & Procedures OGC Document 09-046r2
http://www.opengis.net/doc/POL/OGC-NA/1.1
Policy Directives for Writing and Publishing OGC Standards: TC Decisions. OGC
Document 06-135r9. http://www.opengis.net/doc/POL/Standards/2.0.3
Schematron: ISO/IEC 19757-3, Information technology — Document Schema Definition
Languages (DSDL) — Part 3: Rule-based validation — Schematron
http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c040833_ISO_IEC_197573_2006(E).zip
The Specification Model — A Standard for Modular specifications OGC Document 08131r3. http://www.opengis.net/doc/POL/MOD-SPEC/1.0
OGC SWE Common Data Model Encoding Standard v2.0 OGC Document 08-094r1
http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/SWE/2.0
XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition. W3C Recommendation (28 October
2004) http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. W3C Recommendation (28 October
2004) http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/
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4
Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
all-components document
XML schema document that includes, either directly or indirectly, all of the components
defined and declared in a namespace
[OGC Policy Directives. http://www.opengis.net/doc/POL/Standards/2.0.3]
4.2
application schema
conceptual schema for data required by one or more applications
[ISO 19101:2002, definition 4.2]
4.3
element
basic information item of an XML document containing child elements, attributes and
character data
[ISO 19136:2007]
NOTE From the XML Information Set: ―Each XML document contains one or more elements, the boundaries of
which are either delimited by start-tags and end-tags, or, for empty elements, by an empty-element tag. Each element
has a type, identified by name, sometimes called its ‗generic identifier‘ (GI), and may have a set of attribute
specifications. Each attribute specification has a name and a value.
4.4
GML application schema
application schema written in XML Schema in accordance with the rules specified in ISO
19136:2007
[ISO 19136:2007]
4.5
GML document
XML document with a root element that is one of the elements AbstractFeature,
Dictionary or TopoComplex specified in the GML schema or any element of a
substitution group of any of these elements
[ISO 19136:2007]
4.6
GML schema
schema components in the XML namespace ―http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2
specified in ISO 19136:2007
as
[ISO 19136:2007]
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4.7
measurement
set of operations having the object of determining the value of a quantity
[ISO/TS 19101-2:2008, definition 4.20]
4.8
observation
act of observing a property
NOTE
The goal of an observation may be to measure or otherwise determine the value of a property
[ISO/DIS 19156:2010]
4.9
observation result
estimate of the value of a property determined through a known procedure
[ISO/DIS 19156:2010]
4.10
sampling feature
feature, such as a station, transect, section or specimen, which is involved in making
observations concerning a domain feature
NOTE
A sampling feature is purely an artefact of the observational strategy, and has no significance independent
of the observational campaign.
[ISO/DIS 19156:2010]
4.11
schema
collection of schema components within the same target namespace
EXAMPLE Schema components of W3C XML Schema are types, elements, attributes, groups, etc.
[ISO 19136:2007]
4.12
schema document
XML document containing schema component definitions and declarations
NOTE The W3C XML Schema provides an XML interchange format for schema information. A single schema
document provides descriptions of components associated with a single XML namespace, but several documents may
describe components in the same schema, i.e. the same target namespace.
[ISO 19136:2007]
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OGC 10-025r1
5
Conventions
5.1
Abbreviated terms
GML
Geography Markup Language
O&M
Observations and Measurements
OMXML
Observations and Measurements XML Implementation
OGC
Open Geospatial Consortium
SOS
Sensor Observation Service
SWE
Sensor Web Enablement
UML
Unified Modeling Language
XML
Extensible Markup Language
XSD
W3C XML Schema Definition Language
5.2
Schema language
The XML implementation specified in this Standard is described using the XML Schema
language (XSD) [XML Schema Part 1: Structures , XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes] and
Schematron [ISO/IEC 19757-3, Information technology — Document Schema Definition
Languages (DSDL) — Part 3: Rule-based validation — Schematron ].
5.3
Document presentation of the specification
This document presents the OMXML specification using a representation that follows the
structures defined in the OGC Policy [The Specification Model — A Standard for
Modular specifications]. All normative material is organized as requirements,
requirements classes, conformance tests and conformance classes. Each is identified with
a URI, and the content and dependencies are described in tables whose structure matches
the specification model.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
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6
XML Schema for Observations and Sampling Features
6.1
Introduction
6.2
XML Schema Packaging
OMXML is packaged in schema documents describing four XML namespaces together
with 16 Schematron schemas defining additional XML constraints. The OMXML
schemas are available from the OGC schema repository at http://schemas.opengis.net.
There are dependencies on components from seven XML namespaces described in other
standards.
NOTE: Different XML Namespaces allow for independent maintenance (versioning) of groups of components without
impacting on their dependencies.
The XML Namespaces for OMXML and their representations as XML Schema
documents are listed in Table 2. The OMXML Schematron schemas are listed in Table 3.
The external dependencies are listed in Table 4. The direct dependencies between XML
Schemas (implemented as elements) are shown in Figure 1.
NOTE: In the XML Schema context, direct dependencies are those namespaces that are the target of an
element. In the Schematron context, dependencies are loaded using and elements.
obj ect XML Schemas
om
spec
gml
sam
sams
gmd
xlink
Figure 1. OMXML XML Schema dependencies. Dependency arrows indicate
elements in the schemas. Names correspond to the default namespace
prefixes listed in Tables 2 and 4.
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6.3
XML elements
The schema is conformant to the rules for a GML Application Schema [OGC Geography
Markup Language v3.2] and follows a UML to XML encoding rule explained in Annex
C. This means that UML classes are implemented as XML elements, through global
declarations in the XML schema. The correspondence of XML elements to the classes
from OGC Observations and Measurements v2.0 is given in Table 5.
The XML encoding also makes use of type identifiers, provided as OGC URIs. A
mapping of the UML classes to OGC URIs, and the corresponding XML content model
constraints are given in Tables 6 and 7. These are used in the requirements classes
described in Clause 7.
6.4
Conformance with O&M model
OMXML satisfies the 'Conformance Classes related to Application Schemas including
Observations and Measurements' listed in Clause 2.2 of OGC Observations and
Measurements v2.0 . The map from O&M v2.0 Conformance Classes to OMXML is
given in Table 8.
NOTE: the conceptual model in OGC Observations and Measurements v2.0 specifies specialized observation types
with coverage results. However, the XML encoding for coverages is under active discussion at the time of preparation
of this standard, so there is no specific implementation of these in OMXML pending resolution of this discussion. Note
that the generic observation class may still have a coverage-valued result.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
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Table 2 — XML Namespaces defined for this implementation of the Observations and Measurements schema
XML Namespace
Default
namespace
prefix
Canonical location of all-components schema document
http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0
om
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/observation.xsd
http://www.opengis.net/sampling/2.0
sam
http://schemas.opengis.net/sampling/2.0/samplingFeature.xsd
http://www.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0
sams
http://schemas.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0/spatialSamplingFeature.xsd
http://www.opengis.net/samplingSpecimen/2.0
spec
http://schemas.opengis.net/samplingSpecimen/2.0/specimen.xsd
Table 3 — Schematron schemas used in this implementation of the Observations and Measurements schema
Schematron schemas for observations
10
Schematron schemas for observations and sampling features
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/categoryObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/complexObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/countObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/SWEArrayObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/geometryObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/SWEScalarObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/measurement.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0/samplingCurve.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/spatialObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0/samplingPoint.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/temporalObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0/samplingSolid.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/truthObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0/samplingSurface.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/resultTypeConsistent.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0/shapeTypeConsistent.sch
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
OGC 10-025r1
Table 4 — External XML Namespaces used in this implementation of the Observations and Measurements schema
Standard
XML Namespace
Default
namespace
prefix
Canonical location of all-components schema document
(if required)
XML Schema
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
xs
Schematron
http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron
sch
XSLT v2
http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform
xsl
XML Linking Language
http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink
xlink
http://schemas.opengis.net/xlink/1.0.0/xlinks.xsd
OGC GML 3.2.1
http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2
gml
http://schemas.opengis.net/gml/3.2.1/gml.xsd
ISO TS 19139 metadata
XML implementation
http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd
gmd
http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/20070417/gmd/gmd.xsd
OGC SWE Common
http://www.opengis.net/swe/2.0
swe
http://schemas.opengis.net/sweCommon/2.0/swe.xsd
Table 5 — Map of UML classes in O&M v2.0 to XML elements in OMXML
O&M v2.0
OMXML
O&M v2.0
OMXML
OM_CategoryObservation
om:OM_Observation
ObservationContext
om:ObservationContext
OM_ComplexObservation
om:OM_Observation
PreparationStep
spec:PreparationStep
OM_CountObservation
om:OM_Observation
SamplingFeatureComplex
sam:SamplingFeatureComplex
1
OM_DiscreteCoverageObservation
om:OM_Observation
SF_SamplingCurve
sams:SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
OM_GeometryObservation
om:OM_Observation
SF_SamplingFeature
sam:SF_SamplingFeature
OM_Measurement
om:OM_Observation
SF_SamplingFeatureCollection
sam:SF_SamplingFeatureCollection
OM_Observation
om:OM_Observation
SF_SamplingPoint
sams:SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
1
OM_PointCoverageObservation
om:OM_Observation
SF_SamplingSolid
sams:SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
OM_TemporalObservation
om:OM_Observation
SF_SamplingSurface
sams:SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
OM_TimeSeriesObservation
om:OM_Observation1
SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
sams:SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
OM_TruthObservation
om:OM_Observation
SF_Specimen
spec:SF_Specimen
4.13
1
Coverage observations are implemented by the generic om:OM_Observation but there are no specific conformance tests.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
11
OGC 10-025r1
Table 6 — Map of UML classes in O&M v2.0 to OGC observation-type names and observation result-types
O&M v2.0
OGC Name
Content of result in OMXML1
OM_CategoryObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_CategoryObservation
type='gml:ReferenceType'
OM_ComplexObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_ComplexObservation
swe:DataRecord
OM_CountObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_CountObservation
type='xs:integer'
OM_DiscreteCoverageObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_DiscreteCoverageObservation
-2
or a reference using xlink attributes
OM_GeometryObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_GeometryObservation
gml:AbstractGeometry3
OM_Measurement
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_Measurement
type='gml:MeasureType'
OM_Observation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_Observation
type='xs:anyType'4
OM_PointCoverageObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_PointCoverageObservation
-2
or a reference using xlink attributes
OM_TemporalObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_TemporalObservation
gml:AbstractTimeObject3
OM_TimeSeriesObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_TimeSeriesObservation
-2
or a reference using xlink attributes
OM_TruthObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_TruthObservation
type='xs:boolean
1
An XML element name indicates that the result in this case has element content; type='…' indicates that the result has 'simple' (nonelement) content.
2
gml:AbstractDiscreteCoverage, cvi:CV_AbstractDiscreteCoverage, gml:MultiPointCoverage, cvi:CV_DiscretePointCoverage are
available for encoding coverages in XML, but the preferred OGC encoding for coverages is under revision.
12
3
A concrete member of the substitution group shall substitute for an abstract element.
4
Any well-formed XML can substitute for xs:anyType.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
OGC 10-025r1
Table 7 — Map of UML classes in O&M v2.0 to OGC sampling-feature-type names and spatial-sampling-feature shape-types
O&M v2.0
OGC Name
Content of shape in OMXML
SF_SamplingFeature
http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGCOM/2.0/SF_SamplingFeature
-
SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGCOM/2.0/SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
gml:AbstractGeometry1
SF_SamplingPoint
http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGCOM/2.0/SF_SamplingPoint
gml:Point
SF_SamplingCurve
http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGCOM/2.0/SF_SamplingCurve
gml:AbstractCurve1
SF_SamplingSurface
http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGCOM/2.0/SF_SamplingSurface
gml:AbstractSurface1
SF_SamplingSolid
http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGCOM/2.0/SF_SamplingSolid
gml:AbstractSolid1
SF_Specimen
http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGCOM/2.0/SF_SamplingSpecimen
-
1
A concrete member of the substitution group shall substitute for an abstract element.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
13
OGC 10-025r1
Table 8 —Map of O&M v2.0 Conformance Classes to OMXML.
O&M v2.0 Conformance Class
Generic observation interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/observation
Measurement interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/measurement
Specialized
observation
interchange
Category observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/categoryObservation
Count observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/countObservation
Truth observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/truthObservation
Geometry observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/geometryObservation
Temporal observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/temporalObservation
Complex observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/complexObservation
Discrete coverage observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/observation
Point coverage observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/observation
Coverage
observation
interchange
14
OMXML Conformance Class
Temporal coverage observation interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/observation
Sampling feature interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/sampling
Spatial sampling feature interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/spatialSampling
Sampling point interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingPoint
Sampling curve interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingCurve
Sampling surface interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingSurface
Sampling solid interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingSolid
Specimen interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/specimen
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
OpenGIS® Encoding Standard
7
7.1
OGC 10-025r1
Requirements for XML instances of Observations and Measurements
Introduction
An Observations and Measurements data document will include one or more of the XML
elements listed in Table 5, or elements declared to be in the substitution group of one or
more of these. The basic requirements for data instances are, therefore, formalized in
terms of these elements. The corresponding conformance tests use document validation
using various combinations of schema documents.
18 requirements classes are described in this clause. Figure 2 provides a graphical
(informative) summary of the dependencies of the requirements classes.
NOTE: ISO 19115, GML and W3C XML Schema are not formally structured with Requirements Classes in the sense
described by The Specification Model — A Standard for Modular specifications (OGC 08-131r3), so the specific
dependencies on these are indicated using clause numbers or internal document anchors instead.
7.2
Virtual typing strategy
Only a single XML element for observations is provided (om:OM_Observation) whose
result is a wildcard (type='xs:anyType'). The specialized observations described in the
conceptual model merely restrict the type of the result, so in the XML implementation
this can be achieved efficiently through a lightweight XML Schema for the generic case,
supplemented by Schematron to test the result type. An (optional) 'type' sub-element
allows a data instance to be associated with a class in the conceptual model. Note that
addition of a suitable xsi:type attribute on the result element would enable XML Schemabased validation strategies to be applied, but this tactic is optional. Schematron-based
validation does not require it.
Similarly, only a single XML element for spatial sampling features is provided
(sams:SF_SpatialSamplingFeature) whose shape property contains a wildcard
(gml:AbstractGeometry). The specialized spatial sampling features described in the
conceptual model merely restrict the type of the shape, so in the XML implementation
this can be achieved efficiently through a lightweight XML Schema for the generic case,
supplemented by Schematron to test the shape. An (optional) 'type' sub-element allows a
data instance to be associated with a class in the conceptual model. Note that addition of a
suitable xsi:type attribute on the shape element would enable XML Schema-based
validation strategies to be applied, but this tactic is optional. Schematron-based validation
does not require it.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
15
OGC 10-025r1
obj ect Requirements
iso:19139:clause:6
GML/3.2/clause/2.4
req/observ ation
+
+
observation-valid
result-type-consistent
req/sampling
req/measurement
+
sampling-valid
result-measure
req/categoryObserv ation
+
+
GML/3.2/clause/8.2
GML/3.2/clause/7.2
req/specimen
+
result-category
req/spatialSampling
specimen-valid
+
+
shape-type-consistent
spatialSampling-valid
xmlschema-2/#integer
req/countObserv ation
+
result-integer
req/samplingPoint
req/truthObserv ation
+
+
xmlschema-2/#boolean
shape-point
result-boolean
req/samplingCurv e
req/geometryObserv ation
+
GML/3.2/clause/10
+
shape-curve
result-geometry
req/samplingSurface
req/temporalObserv ation
+
SWE/2.0/req/record-components
shape-surface
req/samplingSolid
+
result-record
req/SWEScalarObserv ation
+
+
result-temporal
req/complexObserv ation
+
GML/3.2/clause/14
shape-solid
SWE/2.0/req/simple-components
Legend
result-SWEScalar
OMXML
GML 3.2
req/SWEArrayObserv ation
+
result-SWEBlock
SWE/2.0/req/block-components
ISO Metadata
XML Schema datatypes
SWE Common 2.0
req/SpatialObserv ation
+
+
+
spatial-paramater-value
spatial-parameter
spatial-parameter-name
Figure 2. (informative) Dependencies of OMXML requirements classes. Note that
req/observation has no external dependencies, so is the core requirements class in
OMXML.
16
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
OGC 10-025r1
7.3
Requirements class: Generic observation data
XML representation of observation data requires use of the element om:OM_Observation
or a member of its substitution group.
There is a dependency on the requirements classes for GML documents, defined in
Clause 2.4 of OGC Geography Markup Language v3.2.
There is a dependency on the requirements class for Geographic Metadata XML
encoding, described in Clause 6 of Geographic information – metadata – XML
implementation.
Requirements Class
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/observation
Target type
Data instance
Dependency
http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/GML/3.2#clause-2.4
Dependency
urn:iso:ts:iso:19139:clause:6
Requirement
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/observation/observationvalid
Any XML element in the substitution group of om:OM_Observation
SHALL be well-formed and valid
Requirement
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/observation/result-typeconsistent
The content model of any om:result element SHALL be consistent with
the value of the xlink:href attribute of the om:type element if one is
present as a sub-element of the parent om:OM_Observation, according to
the mapping given in Table 5.
This is the core requirements class for all XML instances of Observations and
Measurements.
7.4
Requirements class: Measurement data
XML representation of measurement data requires that it satisfies the core requirements
class for observation data, and adds the requirement that the observation result is a scaled
number.
There is a dependency on the requirements class for GML schema, Basic Types,
described in Clause 8.2 of OGC Geography Markup Language v3.2.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
17
OGC 10-025r1
Requirements Class
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/measurement
Target type
Data instance
Dependency
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/observation
Dependency
http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/GML/3.2#clause-8.2
Requirement
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/measurement/result-measure
The XML element om:result SHALL have a value that matches the
content model defined by gml:MeasureType.
7.5
Requirements class: Category observation data
XML representation of category observation data requires that it satisfies the core
requirements class for observation data, and adds the requirement that the observation
result selects an item from a controlled vocabulary or ontology.
There is a dependency on the requirements class for GML Base Schema Components,
described in Clause 7.2 of OGC Geography Markup Language v3.2.
Requirements Class
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/categoryObservation
Target type
Data instance
Dependency
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/observation
Dependency
http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/GML/3.2#clause-7.2
Requirement
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/categoryObservation/resultcategory
The XML element om:result SHALL have a value that matches the
content model defined by gml:Re
Open Geospatial Consortium
Date: 2011-03-22
Reference number of this OGC® project document:
OGC name of this OGC® project document:
OGC 10-025r1
http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/OMXML/2.0
Version: 2.0
Category: OGC® Implementation
Editor: Simon Cox
Observations and Measurements - XML Implementation
Copyright notice
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
To obtain additional rights of use, visit http://www.opengeospatial.org/legal/.
Warning
This document is an OGC Member approved international standard. This document is available
on a royalty free, non-discriminatory basis. Recipients of this document are invited to submit,
with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Document type:
Document subtype:
Document stage:
Document language:
OpenGIS® Implementation standard
Encoding
Approved
English
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ii
Copyright © 2012 Open Geospatial Consortium
OGC 10-025r1
Contents
i.
Abstract .................................................................................................................. v
ii.
Keywords ............................................................................................................... v
iii.
Preface .................................................................................................................... v
iv.
Submitting organizations .................................................................................... vi
v.
Submission contact points ................................................................................... vi
vi.
Changes to the OGC® Abstract Specification ................................................... vi
vii.
Future work ......................................................................................................... vii
Foreword ......................................................................................................................... viii
Introduction ...................................................................................................................... ix
1
Scope....................................................................................................................... 1
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
Conformance ......................................................................................................... 1
Overview ................................................................................................................ 1
Specification identifier .......................................................................................... 1
Conformance classes related to Observations and Measurements
instances ................................................................................................................. 2
3
Normative references ............................................................................................ 4
4
Terms and definitions ........................................................................................... 5
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
Conventions ........................................................................................................... 7
Abbreviated terms ................................................................................................ 7
Schema language ................................................................................................... 7
Document presentation of the specification ........................................................ 7
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
XML Schema for Observations and Sampling Features................................... 8
Introduction ........................................................................................................... 8
XML Schema Packaging ...................................................................................... 8
XML elements ....................................................................................................... 9
Conformance with O&M model .......................................................................... 9
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
Requirements for XML instances of Observations and Measurements ........ 15
Introduction ......................................................................................................... 15
Virtual typing strategy ....................................................................................... 15
Requirements class: Generic observation data ................................................ 17
Requirements class: Measurement data ........................................................... 17
Requirements class: Category observation data .............................................. 18
Requirements class: Count observation data ................................................... 18
Requirements class: Truth observation data ................................................... 19
Requirements class: Geometry observation data............................................. 19
ii
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
OGC 10-025r1
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
7.19
7.20
Requirements class: Temporal observation data ............................................. 20
Requirements class: Complex observation data .............................................. 20
Requirements class: SWE scalar observation data.......................................... 21
Requirements class: SWE array observation data .......................................... 22
Requirements class: Spatial observation data .................................................. 22
Requirements class: Sampling feature data ..................................................... 23
Requirements class: Spatial sampling feature data ......................................... 24
Requirements class: Sampling point data......................................................... 24
Requirements class: Sampling curve data ........................................................ 25
Requirements class: Sampling surface data ..................................................... 25
Requirements class: Sampling solid data ......................................................... 26
Requirements class: Specimen data .................................................................. 26
8
Media types for Observations and Measurements data .................................. 28
Annex A
Abstract test suite (normative) .............................................................. 29
A.1 Conformance class: Generic observation data ................................................. 29
A.2 Conformance class: Measurement data ............................................................ 30
A.3 Conformance class: Category observation data............................................... 31
A.4 Conformance class: Count observation data .................................................... 31
A.5 Conformance class: Truth observation data .................................................... 32
A.6 Conformance class: Geometry observation data ............................................. 32
A.7 Conformance class: Temporal observation data ............................................. 33
A.8 Conformance class: Complex observation data ............................................... 33
A.9 Conformance class: SWE scalar observation data .......................................... 34
A.10 Conformance class: SWE array observation data ........................................... 35
A.11 Conformance class: Spatial observation data .................................................. 35
A.12 Conformance class: Sampling feature data ...................................................... 36
A.13 Conformance class: Spatial Sampling feature data ......................................... 37
A.14 Conformance class: Sampling point data ......................................................... 38
A.15 Conformance class: Sampling curve data......................................................... 39
A.16 Conformance class: Sampling surface data ...................................................... 39
A.17 Conformance class: Sampling solid data .......................................................... 40
A.18 Conformance class: Specimen data ................................................................... 40
Annex B
XML Schema implementation (informative) ....................................... 42
B.1 GML Application Schema .................................................................................. 42
B.2 Encoding rule ...................................................................................................... 42
B.2.1 Variations from standard GML encoding rule ................................................ 42
B.2.2 Virtual sub-typing of specialized classes ........................................................... 43
B.2.3 Global property elements ................................................................................... 44
Annex C
Example OMXML documents (informative) ....................................... 46
C.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 46
C.2 Observation data ................................................................................................. 46
C.2.1 A scalar observation whose result is a Measure ............................................... 46
C.2.2 A scalar observation whose result is a classification or category ................... 47
C.2.3 An observation whose result is provided out-of-band ..................................... 47
C.2.4 Observation with complex result ....................................................................... 48
C.2.5 Observation with complex result –SWE TextBlock encoding ........................ 50
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
iii
OGC 10-025r1
C.2.6
C.2.7
C.3
C.3.1
C.3.2
C.3.3
C.3.4
C.4
Observation with complex result – alternative schema for result .................. 51
Observation with spatial location indicated in a parameter ........................... 53
Spatial sampling features ................................................................................... 54
Sampling Point .................................................................................................... 54
Sampling Curve with metadata ......................................................................... 55
Sampling feature collection – sampling curve with association stations ....... 56
Sampling curve with embedded observations .................................................. 59
Specimens............................................................................................................. 64
Document revision history ............................................................................................. 66
iv
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
OGC 10-025r1
i.
Abstract
This standard specifies an XML implementation for the OGC and ISO Observations and
Measurements (O&M) conceptual model (OGC Observations and Measurements v2.0
also published as ISO/DIS 19156), including a schema for Sampling Features. This
encoding is an essential dependency for the OGC Sensor Observation Service (SOS)
Interface Standard.
More specifically, this standard defines XML schemas for observations, and for features
involved in sampling when making observations. These provide document models for the
exchange of information describing observation acts and their results, both within and
between different scientific and technical communities.
ii.
Keywords
ogcdoc, o&m, observations, measurements, swe, iso_19156, sos, gml
iii.
Preface
The Observations and Measurements XML Implementation standard is part of the
revision and refactoring of O&M for its publication in two parts
(i) The conceptual model (in UML) is being published as ISO 19156 through ISO/TC
211, and jointly by OGC as a Topic 20 of the Abstract Specification.
(ii) The XML implementation is being published by OGC as an independent document
- in recognition of the fact that XML is only one of all the possible implementations
for O&M
- to decouple maintenance of the implementation from revision of the abstract model
- to better reflect the scope of activities and publications appropriate to ISO and
OGC.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
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OGC 10-025r1
iv.
Submitting organizations
The following organizations submitted this Implementation Specification to the Open
Geospatial Consortium Inc. as an Implementation Specification.
a) CSIRO Australia
b) European Commission – Joint Research Centre
c) International Geospatial Services Institute GmbH (iGSI)
d) interactive instruments
e) Science and Technology Facilities Council, NERC, UK
f) IfGI - University of Muenster
g) SpotImage
h) Geoscience Australia
v.
Submission contact points
All questions regarding this submission should be directed to the editor or the submitters:
CONTACT
vi.
COMPANY
Simon Cox
European Commission – Joint Research Centre,
CSIRO Australia
Andrew Woolf
STFC
Johannes Echterhoff
iGSI
Clemens Portele
interactive instruments
Alexandre Robin
SpotImage
Peter Taylor
CSIRO Australia
Chris Body
Geoscience Australia
Christoph Stasch
IfGI
Changes to the OGC® Abstract Specification
The OGC® Abstract Specification does not require changes to accommodate this OGC®
standard.
vi
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
OGC 10-025r1
vii.
Future work
Requirements and conformance classes for coverage observations will be defined when
consensus has been reached and a standard published for a comprehensive OGC/GML
encoding for coverages. This may be in a revision of this document, or in a separate
specification.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
vii
OGC 10-025r1
Foreword
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
the subject of patent rights. Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. However, to date, no such rights
have been claimed or identified.
Recipients of this document are requested to submit, with their comments, notification of
any relevant patent claims or other intellectual property rights of which they may be
aware that might be infringed by any implementation of the specification set forth in this
document, and to provide supporting documentation.
viii
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
OGC 10-025r1
Introduction
This Standard arises from work originally undertaken through the Open Geospatial
Consortium’s Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) activity. SWE is concerned with
establishing interfaces and protocols that will enable a “Sensor Web” through which
applications and services will be able to access sensors of all types, and observations
generated by them, over the Web. SWE has defined, prototyped and tested several
components needed for a Sensor Web, namely:
− Sensor Model Language (SensorML).
− Observations & Measurements (O&M)
− Sensor Observation Service (SOS).
− Sensor Planning Service (SPS).
The SWE Architecture is described in the OGC Sensor Web Enablement Architecture
[OGC 06-021r4] Best Practice document.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
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OpenGIS® Encoding Standard
OGC 10-025r1
Observations and Measurements - XML Implementation
1
Scope
This Standard defines an XML implementation of schemas for observations, and for
features involved in sampling when making observations. These provide document
models for the exchange of information describing observation acts and their results, both
within and between different scientific and technical communities.
The implementation is derived from a conceptual model defined in OGC Observations
and Measurements v2.0 (also published as ISO/DIS 19156), and follows the rules for
GML Application Schemas described in OGC Geography Markup Language v3.2 (also
published as ISO 19136:2007).
2
2.1
Conformance
Overview
This Standard defines an XML implementation of the conceptual models for describing
observations and sampling features. The implementation is described using the XML
Schema language and Schematron.
Requirements for one standardization target type are considered:
-
data instances, i.e. XML documents that encode observation data for exchange;
Since data producing applications should generate conformant data instances, the
requirements and tests described in this standard also apply to this standardization target.
NOTE:
It is recognized that requirements and tests for a second standardization target type (data consuming
applications, i.e. data processing software that accepts observation data as input) are also highly desirable. However, a
general solution to specifying this target this is more challenging and has been deferred.
2.2
Specification identifier
All requirements-classes and conformance-classes described in this document are owned
by the specification identified as http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0.
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2.3
Conformance classes related to Observations and Measurements instances
The conformance rules are based on XML validation using the XML Schema
representation of OMXML, together with processing of constraints expressed using
Schematron assertions and reports.
Annex A defines a set of tests and conformance classes that will support various
applications with a range of different requirements. 18 conformance classes are
distinguished.
2
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OpenGIS® Encoding Standard
OGC 10-025r1
Table 1 — Conformance classes related Observations and Measurements instances
Conformance class
Description
Clause
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/observation
Observation data
A.1
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/measurement
Measurement data
A.2
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/categoryObservation
Category observation data
A.3
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/countObservation
Count observation data
A.4
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/truthObservation
Truth observation data
A.5
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/geometryObservation
Geometry observation data
A.6
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/temporalObservation
Temporal observation data
A.7
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/complexObservation
Complex observation data
A.8
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/SWEScalarObservation
Observation data with result
encoded as a SWE Common
simple data component
A.9
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/SWEArrayObservation
Observation data with result
encoded as a SWE Common
block data component
A.10
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/spatialObservation
Spatially keyed observation data
A.11
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/sampling
Sampling feature data
A.12
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/spatialSampling
Spatial sampling feature data
A.13
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingPoint
Sampling point data
A.14
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingCurve
Sampling curve data
A.15
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingSurface
Sampling surface data
A.16
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingSolid
Sampling solid data
A.17
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/specimen
Specimen data
A.18
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
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OGC 10-025r1
Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Geographic information – metadata – XML implementation ISO/TS 19139:2007.
urn:iso:TS:iso:19139
OGC Geography Markup Language v3.2 OGC Document 07-036
http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/GML/3.2 (also published as ISO 19136:2007,
Geographic information — Geography Markup Language)
MIME Media Types for GML OGC Document 09-141r1
http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=37743
Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition) W3C Recommendation (8 December 2009)
http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-names/
OGC Observations and Measurements v2.0 OGC Document 10-004r1
http://www.opengis.net/doc/AS/OM/2.0 (also published as ISO/DIS 19156:2010,
Geographic information — Observations and Measurements)
OGC Naming Authority (OGC-NA) Policies & Procedures OGC Document 09-046r2
http://www.opengis.net/doc/POL/OGC-NA/1.1
Policy Directives for Writing and Publishing OGC Standards: TC Decisions. OGC
Document 06-135r9. http://www.opengis.net/doc/POL/Standards/2.0.3
Schematron: ISO/IEC 19757-3, Information technology — Document Schema Definition
Languages (DSDL) — Part 3: Rule-based validation — Schematron
http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c040833_ISO_IEC_197573_2006(E).zip
The Specification Model — A Standard for Modular specifications OGC Document 08131r3. http://www.opengis.net/doc/POL/MOD-SPEC/1.0
OGC SWE Common Data Model Encoding Standard v2.0 OGC Document 08-094r1
http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/SWE/2.0
XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition. W3C Recommendation (28 October
2004) http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. W3C Recommendation (28 October
2004) http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
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OGC 10-025r1
4
Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
all-components document
XML schema document that includes, either directly or indirectly, all of the components
defined and declared in a namespace
[OGC Policy Directives. http://www.opengis.net/doc/POL/Standards/2.0.3]
4.2
application schema
conceptual schema for data required by one or more applications
[ISO 19101:2002, definition 4.2]
4.3
element
basic information item of an XML document containing child elements, attributes and
character data
[ISO 19136:2007]
NOTE From the XML Information Set: ―Each XML document contains one or more elements, the boundaries of
which are either delimited by start-tags and end-tags, or, for empty elements, by an empty-element tag. Each element
has a type, identified by name, sometimes called its ‗generic identifier‘ (GI), and may have a set of attribute
specifications. Each attribute specification has a name and a value.
4.4
GML application schema
application schema written in XML Schema in accordance with the rules specified in ISO
19136:2007
[ISO 19136:2007]
4.5
GML document
XML document with a root element that is one of the elements AbstractFeature,
Dictionary or TopoComplex specified in the GML schema or any element of a
substitution group of any of these elements
[ISO 19136:2007]
4.6
GML schema
schema components in the XML namespace ―http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2
specified in ISO 19136:2007
as
[ISO 19136:2007]
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OGC 10-025r1
4.7
measurement
set of operations having the object of determining the value of a quantity
[ISO/TS 19101-2:2008, definition 4.20]
4.8
observation
act of observing a property
NOTE
The goal of an observation may be to measure or otherwise determine the value of a property
[ISO/DIS 19156:2010]
4.9
observation result
estimate of the value of a property determined through a known procedure
[ISO/DIS 19156:2010]
4.10
sampling feature
feature, such as a station, transect, section or specimen, which is involved in making
observations concerning a domain feature
NOTE
A sampling feature is purely an artefact of the observational strategy, and has no significance independent
of the observational campaign.
[ISO/DIS 19156:2010]
4.11
schema
collection of schema components within the same target namespace
EXAMPLE Schema components of W3C XML Schema are types, elements, attributes, groups, etc.
[ISO 19136:2007]
4.12
schema document
XML document containing schema component definitions and declarations
NOTE The W3C XML Schema provides an XML interchange format for schema information. A single schema
document provides descriptions of components associated with a single XML namespace, but several documents may
describe components in the same schema, i.e. the same target namespace.
[ISO 19136:2007]
6
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OGC 10-025r1
5
Conventions
5.1
Abbreviated terms
GML
Geography Markup Language
O&M
Observations and Measurements
OMXML
Observations and Measurements XML Implementation
OGC
Open Geospatial Consortium
SOS
Sensor Observation Service
SWE
Sensor Web Enablement
UML
Unified Modeling Language
XML
Extensible Markup Language
XSD
W3C XML Schema Definition Language
5.2
Schema language
The XML implementation specified in this Standard is described using the XML Schema
language (XSD) [XML Schema Part 1: Structures , XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes] and
Schematron [ISO/IEC 19757-3, Information technology — Document Schema Definition
Languages (DSDL) — Part 3: Rule-based validation — Schematron ].
5.3
Document presentation of the specification
This document presents the OMXML specification using a representation that follows the
structures defined in the OGC Policy [The Specification Model — A Standard for
Modular specifications]. All normative material is organized as requirements,
requirements classes, conformance tests and conformance classes. Each is identified with
a URI, and the content and dependencies are described in tables whose structure matches
the specification model.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
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OGC 10-025r1
6
XML Schema for Observations and Sampling Features
6.1
Introduction
6.2
XML Schema Packaging
OMXML is packaged in schema documents describing four XML namespaces together
with 16 Schematron schemas defining additional XML constraints. The OMXML
schemas are available from the OGC schema repository at http://schemas.opengis.net.
There are dependencies on components from seven XML namespaces described in other
standards.
NOTE: Different XML Namespaces allow for independent maintenance (versioning) of groups of components without
impacting on their dependencies.
The XML Namespaces for OMXML and their representations as XML Schema
documents are listed in Table 2. The OMXML Schematron schemas are listed in Table 3.
The external dependencies are listed in Table 4. The direct dependencies between XML
Schemas (implemented as elements) are shown in Figure 1.
NOTE: In the XML Schema context, direct dependencies are those namespaces that are the target of an
element. In the Schematron context, dependencies are loaded using and elements.
obj ect XML Schemas
om
spec
gml
sam
sams
gmd
xlink
Figure 1. OMXML XML Schema dependencies. Dependency arrows indicate
elements in the schemas. Names correspond to the default namespace
prefixes listed in Tables 2 and 4.
8
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
OGC 10-025r1
6.3
XML elements
The schema is conformant to the rules for a GML Application Schema [OGC Geography
Markup Language v3.2] and follows a UML to XML encoding rule explained in Annex
C. This means that UML classes are implemented as XML elements, through global
declarations in the XML schema. The correspondence of XML elements to the classes
from OGC Observations and Measurements v2.0 is given in Table 5.
The XML encoding also makes use of type identifiers, provided as OGC URIs. A
mapping of the UML classes to OGC URIs, and the corresponding XML content model
constraints are given in Tables 6 and 7. These are used in the requirements classes
described in Clause 7.
6.4
Conformance with O&M model
OMXML satisfies the 'Conformance Classes related to Application Schemas including
Observations and Measurements' listed in Clause 2.2 of OGC Observations and
Measurements v2.0 . The map from O&M v2.0 Conformance Classes to OMXML is
given in Table 8.
NOTE: the conceptual model in OGC Observations and Measurements v2.0 specifies specialized observation types
with coverage results. However, the XML encoding for coverages is under active discussion at the time of preparation
of this standard, so there is no specific implementation of these in OMXML pending resolution of this discussion. Note
that the generic observation class may still have a coverage-valued result.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
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OGC 10-025r1
Table 2 — XML Namespaces defined for this implementation of the Observations and Measurements schema
XML Namespace
Default
namespace
prefix
Canonical location of all-components schema document
http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0
om
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/observation.xsd
http://www.opengis.net/sampling/2.0
sam
http://schemas.opengis.net/sampling/2.0/samplingFeature.xsd
http://www.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0
sams
http://schemas.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0/spatialSamplingFeature.xsd
http://www.opengis.net/samplingSpecimen/2.0
spec
http://schemas.opengis.net/samplingSpecimen/2.0/specimen.xsd
Table 3 — Schematron schemas used in this implementation of the Observations and Measurements schema
Schematron schemas for observations
10
Schematron schemas for observations and sampling features
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/categoryObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/complexObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/countObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/SWEArrayObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/geometryObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/SWEScalarObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/measurement.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0/samplingCurve.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/spatialObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0/samplingPoint.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/temporalObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0/samplingSolid.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/truthObservation.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0/samplingSurface.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/resultTypeConsistent.sch
http://schemas.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0/shapeTypeConsistent.sch
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
OGC 10-025r1
Table 4 — External XML Namespaces used in this implementation of the Observations and Measurements schema
Standard
XML Namespace
Default
namespace
prefix
Canonical location of all-components schema document
(if required)
XML Schema
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
xs
Schematron
http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron
sch
XSLT v2
http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform
xsl
XML Linking Language
http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink
xlink
http://schemas.opengis.net/xlink/1.0.0/xlinks.xsd
OGC GML 3.2.1
http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2
gml
http://schemas.opengis.net/gml/3.2.1/gml.xsd
ISO TS 19139 metadata
XML implementation
http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd
gmd
http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/20070417/gmd/gmd.xsd
OGC SWE Common
http://www.opengis.net/swe/2.0
swe
http://schemas.opengis.net/sweCommon/2.0/swe.xsd
Table 5 — Map of UML classes in O&M v2.0 to XML elements in OMXML
O&M v2.0
OMXML
O&M v2.0
OMXML
OM_CategoryObservation
om:OM_Observation
ObservationContext
om:ObservationContext
OM_ComplexObservation
om:OM_Observation
PreparationStep
spec:PreparationStep
OM_CountObservation
om:OM_Observation
SamplingFeatureComplex
sam:SamplingFeatureComplex
1
OM_DiscreteCoverageObservation
om:OM_Observation
SF_SamplingCurve
sams:SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
OM_GeometryObservation
om:OM_Observation
SF_SamplingFeature
sam:SF_SamplingFeature
OM_Measurement
om:OM_Observation
SF_SamplingFeatureCollection
sam:SF_SamplingFeatureCollection
OM_Observation
om:OM_Observation
SF_SamplingPoint
sams:SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
1
OM_PointCoverageObservation
om:OM_Observation
SF_SamplingSolid
sams:SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
OM_TemporalObservation
om:OM_Observation
SF_SamplingSurface
sams:SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
OM_TimeSeriesObservation
om:OM_Observation1
SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
sams:SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
OM_TruthObservation
om:OM_Observation
SF_Specimen
spec:SF_Specimen
4.13
1
Coverage observations are implemented by the generic om:OM_Observation but there are no specific conformance tests.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
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OGC 10-025r1
Table 6 — Map of UML classes in O&M v2.0 to OGC observation-type names and observation result-types
O&M v2.0
OGC Name
Content of result in OMXML1
OM_CategoryObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_CategoryObservation
type='gml:ReferenceType'
OM_ComplexObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_ComplexObservation
swe:DataRecord
OM_CountObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_CountObservation
type='xs:integer'
OM_DiscreteCoverageObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_DiscreteCoverageObservation
-2
or a reference using xlink attributes
OM_GeometryObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_GeometryObservation
gml:AbstractGeometry3
OM_Measurement
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_Measurement
type='gml:MeasureType'
OM_Observation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_Observation
type='xs:anyType'4
OM_PointCoverageObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_PointCoverageObservation
-2
or a reference using xlink attributes
OM_TemporalObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_TemporalObservation
gml:AbstractTimeObject3
OM_TimeSeriesObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_TimeSeriesObservation
-2
or a reference using xlink attributes
OM_TruthObservation
http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGCOM/2.0/OM_TruthObservation
type='xs:boolean
1
An XML element name indicates that the result in this case has element content; type='…' indicates that the result has 'simple' (nonelement) content.
2
gml:AbstractDiscreteCoverage, cvi:CV_AbstractDiscreteCoverage, gml:MultiPointCoverage, cvi:CV_DiscretePointCoverage are
available for encoding coverages in XML, but the preferred OGC encoding for coverages is under revision.
12
3
A concrete member of the substitution group shall substitute for an abstract element.
4
Any well-formed XML can substitute for xs:anyType.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
OGC 10-025r1
Table 7 — Map of UML classes in O&M v2.0 to OGC sampling-feature-type names and spatial-sampling-feature shape-types
O&M v2.0
OGC Name
Content of shape in OMXML
SF_SamplingFeature
http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGCOM/2.0/SF_SamplingFeature
-
SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGCOM/2.0/SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
gml:AbstractGeometry1
SF_SamplingPoint
http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGCOM/2.0/SF_SamplingPoint
gml:Point
SF_SamplingCurve
http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGCOM/2.0/SF_SamplingCurve
gml:AbstractCurve1
SF_SamplingSurface
http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGCOM/2.0/SF_SamplingSurface
gml:AbstractSurface1
SF_SamplingSolid
http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGCOM/2.0/SF_SamplingSolid
gml:AbstractSolid1
SF_Specimen
http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGCOM/2.0/SF_SamplingSpecimen
-
1
A concrete member of the substitution group shall substitute for an abstract element.
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Table 8 —Map of O&M v2.0 Conformance Classes to OMXML.
O&M v2.0 Conformance Class
Generic observation interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/observation
Measurement interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/measurement
Specialized
observation
interchange
Category observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/categoryObservation
Count observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/countObservation
Truth observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/truthObservation
Geometry observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/geometryObservation
Temporal observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/temporalObservation
Complex observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/complexObservation
Discrete coverage observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/observation
Point coverage observation
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/observation
Coverage
observation
interchange
14
OMXML Conformance Class
Temporal coverage observation interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/observation
Sampling feature interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/sampling
Spatial sampling feature interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/spatialSampling
Sampling point interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingPoint
Sampling curve interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingCurve
Sampling surface interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingSurface
Sampling solid interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/samplingSolid
Specimen interchange
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/conf/specimen
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
OpenGIS® Encoding Standard
7
7.1
OGC 10-025r1
Requirements for XML instances of Observations and Measurements
Introduction
An Observations and Measurements data document will include one or more of the XML
elements listed in Table 5, or elements declared to be in the substitution group of one or
more of these. The basic requirements for data instances are, therefore, formalized in
terms of these elements. The corresponding conformance tests use document validation
using various combinations of schema documents.
18 requirements classes are described in this clause. Figure 2 provides a graphical
(informative) summary of the dependencies of the requirements classes.
NOTE: ISO 19115, GML and W3C XML Schema are not formally structured with Requirements Classes in the sense
described by The Specification Model — A Standard for Modular specifications (OGC 08-131r3), so the specific
dependencies on these are indicated using clause numbers or internal document anchors instead.
7.2
Virtual typing strategy
Only a single XML element for observations is provided (om:OM_Observation) whose
result is a wildcard (type='xs:anyType'). The specialized observations described in the
conceptual model merely restrict the type of the result, so in the XML implementation
this can be achieved efficiently through a lightweight XML Schema for the generic case,
supplemented by Schematron to test the result type. An (optional) 'type' sub-element
allows a data instance to be associated with a class in the conceptual model. Note that
addition of a suitable xsi:type attribute on the result element would enable XML Schemabased validation strategies to be applied, but this tactic is optional. Schematron-based
validation does not require it.
Similarly, only a single XML element for spatial sampling features is provided
(sams:SF_SpatialSamplingFeature) whose shape property contains a wildcard
(gml:AbstractGeometry). The specialized spatial sampling features described in the
conceptual model merely restrict the type of the shape, so in the XML implementation
this can be achieved efficiently through a lightweight XML Schema for the generic case,
supplemented by Schematron to test the shape. An (optional) 'type' sub-element allows a
data instance to be associated with a class in the conceptual model. Note that addition of a
suitable xsi:type attribute on the shape element would enable XML Schema-based
validation strategies to be applied, but this tactic is optional. Schematron-based validation
does not require it.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
15
OGC 10-025r1
obj ect Requirements
iso:19139:clause:6
GML/3.2/clause/2.4
req/observ ation
+
+
observation-valid
result-type-consistent
req/sampling
req/measurement
+
sampling-valid
result-measure
req/categoryObserv ation
+
+
GML/3.2/clause/8.2
GML/3.2/clause/7.2
req/specimen
+
result-category
req/spatialSampling
specimen-valid
+
+
shape-type-consistent
spatialSampling-valid
xmlschema-2/#integer
req/countObserv ation
+
result-integer
req/samplingPoint
req/truthObserv ation
+
+
xmlschema-2/#boolean
shape-point
result-boolean
req/samplingCurv e
req/geometryObserv ation
+
GML/3.2/clause/10
+
shape-curve
result-geometry
req/samplingSurface
req/temporalObserv ation
+
SWE/2.0/req/record-components
shape-surface
req/samplingSolid
+
result-record
req/SWEScalarObserv ation
+
+
result-temporal
req/complexObserv ation
+
GML/3.2/clause/14
shape-solid
SWE/2.0/req/simple-components
Legend
result-SWEScalar
OMXML
GML 3.2
req/SWEArrayObserv ation
+
result-SWEBlock
SWE/2.0/req/block-components
ISO Metadata
XML Schema datatypes
SWE Common 2.0
req/SpatialObserv ation
+
+
+
spatial-paramater-value
spatial-parameter
spatial-parameter-name
Figure 2. (informative) Dependencies of OMXML requirements classes. Note that
req/observation has no external dependencies, so is the core requirements class in
OMXML.
16
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
OGC 10-025r1
7.3
Requirements class: Generic observation data
XML representation of observation data requires use of the element om:OM_Observation
or a member of its substitution group.
There is a dependency on the requirements classes for GML documents, defined in
Clause 2.4 of OGC Geography Markup Language v3.2.
There is a dependency on the requirements class for Geographic Metadata XML
encoding, described in Clause 6 of Geographic information – metadata – XML
implementation.
Requirements Class
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/observation
Target type
Data instance
Dependency
http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/GML/3.2#clause-2.4
Dependency
urn:iso:ts:iso:19139:clause:6
Requirement
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/observation/observationvalid
Any XML element in the substitution group of om:OM_Observation
SHALL be well-formed and valid
Requirement
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/observation/result-typeconsistent
The content model of any om:result element SHALL be consistent with
the value of the xlink:href attribute of the om:type element if one is
present as a sub-element of the parent om:OM_Observation, according to
the mapping given in Table 5.
This is the core requirements class for all XML instances of Observations and
Measurements.
7.4
Requirements class: Measurement data
XML representation of measurement data requires that it satisfies the core requirements
class for observation data, and adds the requirement that the observation result is a scaled
number.
There is a dependency on the requirements class for GML schema, Basic Types,
described in Clause 8.2 of OGC Geography Markup Language v3.2.
Copyright © 2011 Open Geospatial Consortium.
17
OGC 10-025r1
Requirements Class
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/measurement
Target type
Data instance
Dependency
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/observation
Dependency
http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/GML/3.2#clause-8.2
Requirement
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/measurement/result-measure
The XML element om:result SHALL have a value that matches the
content model defined by gml:MeasureType.
7.5
Requirements class: Category observation data
XML representation of category observation data requires that it satisfies the core
requirements class for observation data, and adds the requirement that the observation
result selects an item from a controlled vocabulary or ontology.
There is a dependency on the requirements class for GML Base Schema Components,
described in Clause 7.2 of OGC Geography Markup Language v3.2.
Requirements Class
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/categoryObservation
Target type
Data instance
Dependency
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/observation
Dependency
http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/GML/3.2#clause-7.2
Requirement
http://www.opengis.net/spec/OMXML/2.0/req/categoryObservation/resultcategory
The XML element om:result SHALL have a value that matches the
content model defined by gml:Re