Pattern of Growth Lengths, Circumference Chest and Body Weight of Bali Pig.
10
Editor,
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INDEX
Sr.
No.
Title
Page
No.
1
Effect of Strategies in Enhancing Social Adjustment Among Middle School Students
- P. Nirmala Devi, Dr. M. Parimala Fathima
1-2
2
The Advantages of Using Self Compacting Concrete for Reinforced Concrete Structures in an
Aggressive Marine Environment
- Ciinoiu Marian, Gramescu Ana Maria
3-5
3
Brahamand in Puran and Jinagam
- Prof Dr B L Sethi, Abhilasha Jaiman
6-7
4
Treatment of Infected Non Union of Lower Limb Long Bones with Limb Reconstruction System (Lrs).
- Dr Mukesh N Shah, Dr Josal S Patel
8-11
5
Deconstructing the Hegemony of History: A Study of Postcolonial Resistance in the Indian and
African Perspective
- Dr. Somdev Banik
12-14
6
Incidence of Malignancy in Solitary nodule of Thyroid
- Dr. C Ramchandraiah, Dr. R Sadgunachary, Dr. Vijayabhargav
15-19
7
Microinance and Women Empowerment: Evidence from India - Review of Literature
- Ms. Madhavi Kodamarty, Ms. Ranjani Srinivasan
20-22
8
Study on Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome Between Literate and Illiterate in Rural Area of Varanasi
- Dr Narendra Kumar Sharma, Dr Ajamal Singh Bhayal
23-25
9
Simultaneous Estimation of A Three Component Mixture of Aspirin, Caffeine and Orphenadrine
Citrate by Uv Spectrophotometric Method of Absorbance Correction for Interference
- Sanjay Pai PN, Gaude Sameeksha, Anusha Palekar
26-28
10
Antibacterial Activity of Plant Extracts Against Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Punicae Causing
Bacterial Blight of Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.)
- S K Alane, C S Swami
29-30
11
Treatment of Tetanus in Goats and Sheep
- U.UMADEVI, P.MADHU MATHI, K.SARANYA, T.UMAKANTHAN
12
Study Regarding Eficiency of Jump Service in Volleyball High Performance
- Cojocaru Adin-Marian, Cojocaru Marilena
32-34
13
Excellence in Higher Education: Link with College Principals’ Leadership Styles.
- ARPIT SHANKHDHAR
35-36
14
Impediments in Success of CBCS in Colleges of HP
- ASHWANI KUMAR SHARMA
37-39
15
Study of Freyer's Prostatectomy in Bph with Special Reference to Modiied Management Plan (Early
Removal of Catheter) and Haemorrhage
- Dr Pankaj Singh, Dr Dinesh Pratap
40-42
16
Teacher’s Locus of Control Scale: Development & Validation (TLOCS)
- Madhu Gupta, Indu Nain,
43-45
17
One – Room Schoolhouse+Fanatical Teacher + Commited Students = Freedom from a Life of Poverty
- Gautam Neeraj, Dr . M.S Khan
46-47
18
Genetic Variability Among Mythical Kinnaura Tribe
- Ravi Kiran Sharma
48-50
19
Women Employment in Organized Sector of India: an Empirical Perspective
- Navdeep Kaur, Sarbjit Kaur
51-53
20
Micro-Finance – a Tool for Sustainable Livestock Production
- Dr. T. Vijaya Nirmala, Dr. K. Ravi, Dr. B. Vamsi Krishna
54-56
31
Sr.
No.
Title
Page
No.
21
Legal Aid In India-An Overview
- Dr.Prativa Panda
57-58
22
Pattern of Growth Lengths, Circumference Chest and Body Weight of Bali Pig
- I P. Sampurna, T. S. Nindhia, I K.Suatha
59-62
23
Changes in The Activity of Enzyme Peroxidase (Ec 1.11.1.7) During Leaf Senescence in Sericultural
Crop Morus Alba Linn
- S. K. Khade
63-64
24
Employee Empowerment
- G.A.HEMA
65-67
25
Geomorphological Mapping for Identiication of Groundwater Potential Zones in Hard Rock Areas
Using Geospatial Information- a Case Study of Nagavati Watershed in Dharmapuri District, Tamil
Nadu, India
- R. Kannan, S. Venkateswaran, M.Vijay Prabhu, S.Satheeshkumar
68-70
26
Assessment of Parasitic Protozoan Infestation on Commonly Consumed Raw Vegetables and Their
Sources of Contamination
- Sameer Sood, D.K. Kocher
71-73
27
Performance of Madras Export Processing Zones (Mepzs)
- DR.SP.MATHIRAJ, R.SAROJA DEVI
74-77
RESEARCH PAPER
Education
Volume : 6 | Issue : 2 | FEBRUARY 2016 | ISSN - 2249-555X
Effect of Strategies in Enhancing Social Adjustment
Among Middle School Students
KEYWORDS
P. Nirmala Devi
Dr. M. Parimala Fathima
Research scholar, Lecturer, DIET, Pudukkotai
Research Coordinator, Alagappa University College of
Education , Karaikudi.
ABSTRACT Emotional Maturity is the key to a happy , fulfilled life. Without which, the individual falls an easy prey to
the dependencies and insecurities. Social Adjustment is one of the components of Emotional Maturity.
The behavior of children at school is a crucial element in their overall social adjustment. The present investigation has
been undertaken in order to the study the effect of strategies in enhancing social adjustment among middle school
students. Simple Experimental Design was used in this study. Social Adjustment scale was developed by investigator.
This study reveals that the students under the stage of adolescence (above age 12) lack in social adjustment. Strategies were developed by investigator is useful for developing social adjustment among middle school students.
INTRODUCTION
Middle school students are under the stage of adolescence seems to be the formative stage. Middle childhood is a time of dramatic physical, cognitive, emotional,
and social change (Cole & Cole, 1993).Children develops
on many levels, entering new endeavors and worlds daily. They begin to learn how to establish healthy relationships, ind socially acceptable ways to engage in activities
that interest them, and make their way through school.
However, a number of children experience more trials
than their peers .Some are unable to ind solid emotional
and social ground as they progress through their developmental stages. An inability to “it it” can have behavioral
manifestations that cause signiicant dificulty for both children themselves and those around them. When a child’s
behavior violates the accepted norms at home, at school,
or in the community can result, such as suspensions or
expulsions from school. Lot of opportunities and avenue
are there to get them social maladjustment. Hence the
researcher selected this problem to enhance Social Adjustment among middle school students by using new approaches and strategies.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The problem selected for the present investigation is “
Effect of Strategies in Enhancing Social Adjustment
among Middle School Students”.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STDUDY
• To ind identify the level of social adjustment among
middle school students.
• To develop and implement the strategies to enhance
social adjustment.
• To assess the level of Social Adjustment after the implementation of strategies.
• To ind out and analyses the effect of these strategies.
HYPOTHESIS
• There is no signiicant difference between achievement
scores of pre test and post test in social adjustment.
• There is no signiicant difference between Social Adjustment of the boys and girls in pre test score.
• There is no signiicant difference between Social Adjustment of the boys and girls in post test score.
DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study will be conined only on 8th standard students in
PUMS, Kanniapuram, Dindigul District.
Social Adjustment is to be assessed only on the basis of
selected tool.
RESEARCH METHOD
Experimental Design (Pre test – Treatment- Post test) has
been used.
Sample selection
19 (11 Male + 08 Female) students
are studying VIII
standard in PUMS, Kanniapuram, Sanarpatti Block in Dindigul District were selected as a sample for present investigation.
Tool Preparation:
The investigator prepared Social Adjustment Questionnaire. The question consists of 20 items. All the 20 items
were given to educational experts for reining and also
given to 5 students in K.R. Higher Secondary School, Oddanchatram to ind out the understanding level of the students. After experts‟ opinion and students response, some
items were modiied and some items were rearranged and
inally 20 items were retained. The tool has three points
like Always, Rarely and Never. The score for the items was
2, 1 and 0. The maximum score is 40 and the minimum
will be zero. It includes three dimensions. The dimension
of the tool is given in the following table.
S.No Dimension of the Tool
1.
Individual Adjustment
2.
Adjustment with Family
3.
Adjustment with School
4.
Adjustment with Society
Total No. Items : 20
Positive Item
1
11,15,17
5,7,9,13
3,8,18
Negative Item
4,12,14,16
6,20
2
10,19
Statistical Technique
Percentage analysis and
t test
PLANNING OF INTERVENTION
The investigator planned for intervention as follows.
• The students‟ strength of the classroom is very small,
so the investigator taken all the students of standard
INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH X 1
RESEARCH PAPER
Volume : 6 | Issue : 2 | FEBRUARY 2016 | ISSN - 2249-555X
VIII in Panchayat Union Middle School , Kanniapuram,
Sanarpatti Union in Dindigul district as sample.
The investigator conducted a pre test by using (Social
Adjustment Questionnaire) and found out their level of
social adjustment.
The investigator prepared activities for enhancing their
social adjustment among middle school students
Planned and executed all the activities within the prescribed duration of the study.
Instructions were given to students before executing
each activity.
Introduced content of activity and gave them enough
time for learning.
After completion of the activity, the students were allowed to discuss what they have learnt.
The treatment i.e proposed intervention is to be conducted for two weeks.
At the end, a post test was conducted and ind out
their level of social adjustment.
The calculated t value is 29.43 is greater than the table
value 2.101 at 0.05 level of signiicance, so the investigator rejected the hypothesis “there is no signiicant difference between achievement scores of pre test and
post test in Social Adjustment.”It reveals that, there is a
signiicant difference between the pre test scores and post
test scores in social adjustment of the total sample at 0.05
level of signiicance.
EXECUTION OF INTERVENTION
The Investigator planned 10 different activities to enhance
social adjustment of middle school students. She designed
the strategies into three different categories as given in
the following table.
Signiicant Difference between the Social Adjustment of
Boys and Girls in Post test
ACTIVITY: 1 Answer the Following
The question paper consists of 34 items (based on adjustment with self, family, friends and society was prepared by
investigator and given to each student.
The calculated t value is 0.53 is greater than the table
value 2.101 at 0.05 level of signiicance. It reveals that,
“there is no signiicant difference between Social Adjustment of the boys and girls in post test score.”
ACTIVITY: 2 Match the following
The sheet consist of 11 items) based on some skills like
honesty responsibility, accept the ideas of others, cleanliness and obey the rules inside the classroom.
FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
The minimum social adjustment score in the pre test was
22.5 % and maxim score was 55%.The minimum social
adjustment score in the post test was 72.5 % and maximum score was 90 %.The mean of social adjustment in pre
test was 11.79 and post test was 32.63.There is a signiicant difference between the pre test score and post test
score in social adjustment of the total sample at 0.05 level
of signiicance. There is no signiicant difference between
social adjustment of the boys and girls in pre test score.
There is no signiicant difference between social adjustment of the boys and girls in post test score. This study
also indicates that, there is no gender difference in enhancing social adjustment. Hence the adopted interventional strategies were gender free.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ACTIVITY: 3 Group Discussions
Students were divided three groups according to the
strength of the class. The teacher gave different titles related to the value education like punctuality, cleanliness, hard
work, cooperation, faith, adjustment with others etc.
ACTIVITY: 4 Story Reading and Discussion
The investigator divided the students into three groups.
She gave three different stories cards and students were
asked to read the stories and to ind out the values in given stories.
MINOR GAMES
ACTIVITY: 5 making paper ships
ACTIVITY: 6 Paper Cutting
ACTIVITY: 7 pour the water into Bottle
ACTIVITY: 8 Finding the Leader of the Group
ACTIVITY: 9 touching the joints in our body
ACTIVITY: 10 making Network by using Rope
DATA ANALYSIS
Signiicant Difference between Pre Test and Post Test
Scores of Middle School
Signiicant Difference between the Social Adjustment of
Boys and Girls in Pre Test
Group
Boys
Girls
Mean
12.45
10.88
SD
3.36
2.18
t value
Signiicance
0.49
NS
The calculated t value is 0.49
is greater than the table value 2.110 at 0.05 level of signiicance. It reveals that,
“there is no signiicant difference between Social Adjustment of the boys and girls in pre test score.
Group
Boys
Girls
Mean
33.18
31.88
SD
2.24
2.41
t value
Signiicance
0.53
NS
CONCLUSION
The investigator enhanced social adjustment among middle students through applying strategies. Activities were
implemented step by step; they focused different dimensions of social adjustment among students. During implementation, the students experienced various aspects in enhancing social adjustment. The students were enjoyed and
participated in an active manner. Students were involved
in various activities like group discussion, pair study, minor
games, drawing, reading and writing
.
Students in Social Adjustment
Test
Mean
SD
Pre
11.79
3.17
Post
32.63
2.57
t value
Signiicance
29.43
S
• Cole, A. L., & Knowles, J. G. (1993). Teacher development partnership research: A focus on methods and issues. American Educational
Research Journal, 30, 473-495. • Robins, A., Schneider, M. & Dolnick, M. (1977). The turtle technique: An extended case study of self-control
in the classroom. • CCE manual for Co scholastic areas prepared by SCERT ,Tamilnadu.
REFERENCE
2 X INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH
RESEARCH PAPER
Environmental Science
Volume : 6 | Issue : 2 | FEBRUARY 2016 | ISSN - 2249-555X
“ The Advantages of Using Self Compacting
Concrete for Reinforced Concrete Structures in an
Aggressive Marine Environment”
KEYWORDS
durability, concrete, marine environment
Ciinoiu Marian
Gramescu Ana Maria
PhD Student Eng. Ovidius University of Constanta PhD
Student Constanta
Romania
PhD Eng. Ovidius University of Constanta Assoc.
Professor Constanta Romania
Achieving sustainable constructions, durable, exploited in aggressive chemical environments, in the
marine environment, involves the development of materials capable of having appropriate behavior
based on a thorough knowledge. The durability of the utilized concrete in structural elements exploited in the marine environment can be improved by monitoring and influencing variation of strength and also of mass variations of
the concrete. In this paper, the authors develop research results through a comparative analysis of samples tested in
two different environments, in distilled water and in sea water taken from the Black Sea. The authors monitored the
variation of strength and mass concrete in the two environments at different ages.
Based on these results the authors present the advantages of using self-compacting concrete in the reinforced concret
structure located in the area of marine aggressiveness.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
A decisive role in the design composition of concrete used
for construction works operated in areas with natural aggressiveness it has the degree of compactness and impermeability of concrete.The most common method used to
compacting traditional concrete is vibrating. The method
is based on the balance between viscosity forces, internal friction and inertial forces of all components, concrete
compacting it when balance is destroyed by increasing
the strength of the vibrating force. Defects that involve
improper compaction usually is discovered when the structural element is demoulding. Usually follows repear affected concrete, without signiicantly improve the quality
and poorly compacted concrete area. All the deiciencies
related to compaction and vibration can be eliminated by
using self-compacting concrete. Self –compacting concrete
has a relatively recent history, the concept was introduced
in 1980 in Japan , by Okamura. The main property of this
type of concrete is to move under its own weight, illing
intricate spaces and achieving full compaction even in
thick reinforcement areas. Self compacting concrete has a
high workability providing a superior inishing and durability degree for construction works. The irst self-compacting
practical applications were made in the early 1990’s in Japan, and after this, several major companies developing
their own recipes for self compacting concrete.
THE OBJECTIVES WORK OF AUTHORS
The objectives of the work has been:
To identify the advantages using self –compacting concrete for structures located in the marine environement, by
studying the behavior of fresh self compacting concrete.
To identify the mechanism for transport of aggressive substances in concrete through comparative studies on the
behavior of normal vibrated concrete and self compacting
concrete in aggressive marine environement.
MATERIALS , TEST METHODS
The irst step was the selection of raw materials needed to
manufacture specimens and prefabricated elements, selecting samples of seawater from the Black Sea . It was created artiicial conditions of the marine environement, by
illing pools with seawater were the concrete cubes were
maintained. At the same time , two tanks were illed with
distilled water, were the comparative samples were maintained.
Selected raw materials entered into the composition of the
concrete was:
•
•
•
•
Crushed aggregates quarry in granitic rocks, from
Cerna career, Tulcea, and meeting the conditions of
admissibility laid down by SR EN 1260:2003
The cement used was Portland Cement with ly ash,
CEM II/AV42,5R supplied by Lafarge Ciment (Romania), Medgidia Plant, respecting the admissibility criteria set out in EN 197-1:2002.
Limestone iller , whose main component is calcium
carbonate obtained by ine grinding of limestone
rocks. Sources: Lafarge Aggregates Concrete SA,
Hoghiz Plant, Brasov.
Admixture Glenium 115, supplied by Basf SA.
In the irst stage of research were screened fresh concrete
properties and subsequently cured state.Tests were conducted in the following test laboratories:
Lafarge Agregates Concrete Laboratory: making and
keeping specimens, tests on fresh concrete, compressive
strength, depth of carbonation.
ICH Constanta Laboratory: bending tensile strength, permeability test and gelevity.
Comparisons were made for SCC(self-compacting concrte)
and TVC(traditional vibrated concrete), class C30/37 , with
the following characteristics:
CONCRETE CLASS C30/37
SCC
Dosage cement [kg]
390
Filer limestone
[kg]
135
Admixture Glenium 115 [kg]
Admixture Optima 203 [kg] 8.58
Ratio W/C
0.48
Table 1. Concrete recipe SCC and TVC
TVC
390
2.09
0.48
INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH X 3
RESEARCH PAPER
Volume : 6 | Issue : 2 | FEBRUARY 2016 | ISSN - 2249-555X
In order to evaluate the properties of concrete fresh test
the representative was to determine the spread of compaction, resulting in a spread of about 700 mm as compared with the TVC where for the concrete C30/37 , class
consistency S5, sample test was aprox.230mm, were found
visible segregation and the appearance of illies.
Fig.01 Slamp-low test
In order to determine the low capacity of the SCC was
performed O’Funel test who achieved a low time about
11 sec, between the time of opening the hatch and the
total low of the concrete.
Fig.04 J-Ring Test
O’Funel test
To determine the low and passing ability, to detect visual the ability to low of the concrete, the testing method
used was LBox. The result was 1,concrete its in PA2, concrete with good carryieng capacity.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH SCC/TVC: SEA WATER
Compressive strength (MPa)
Fig .2
To determine the mechanical strength of concrete specimens and study of behavior of the concrete under the inluence of sea water were made 17 samplles concrete of
TVC and 31 samples of SCC. Interpretation of the results is
shown in the charts bellow.
60
50
40
BAC
30
BVN
20
10
0
7 zile
28 zile
56 zile
90 zile
1 an
BAC
41,99
51,73
52,15
53,05
54,05
BVN
36,52
48,68
49,13
49,02
50,3
Fig.05 Compressive strength SCC/TVC-sea water
Compressive strength (MPa)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH SCC/TVC: DISTILLED WATER
Fig.03 LBox Test
To determine the passing ability were used J-Ring Test.
The result obtained it was 800 mm.
4 X INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH
70
60
50
40
BAC
30
BVN
20
10
0
28 zile
56 zile
90 zile
1 an
BAC
42,28
50,9
51,04
52,18
60,13
BVN
37,45
7 zile
48,55
49,13
51,08
53,22
Fig.06 Compressive strength SCC/TVC-distilled water
RESEARCH PAPER
Volume : 6 | Issue : 2 | FEBRUARY 2016 | ISSN - 2249-555X
CONCLUSIONS
For the fresh concrete test were taken as reference values
set out in The Europen Guidelines for self compacting concrete.
Depth (cm)
Permeability
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7,8
5,3
BAC
BVN
28 zile
BAC
5,3
BVN
7,8
Carbonation depth (mm)
Fig.7 Water Permeability SCC/TVC
6
3
BAC
3
BVN
2
1
0
28 zile
BAC
3
BVN
5
Test
Unit
Result
EFNARC
class
Slamp low
mm
700
SF2
V-funnel
sec
L-Box
5
5
4
Studied the self-compacting concrete results have allowed
its classiication as follows:
Fig.8 Carbonation SCC/TVC
Then it started to manufacture precast element, to study
the behavior of self compacting concrete in horizontal
and in vertical elements. The precast element obtained
were consistent yield expectation, were obtained perfectly
smooth faces without being vibrated concrete.
J-Ring
mm
6
VS1/VF1
1
PA2
7
Table 2 Results of fresh SCC
Results research showed that workability, coesion and homogeneity of self compacting concrete are superior compared vibrated concrete, for the same strength class.
The use of limestone iller in concrete composition gives it
a structure denser, more compact.
By using BAC for execution concrete structures shall be
eliminated vibrating equipment needed for fresh concrete,
leading to a number of advantages: reducing noise pollution, particularly in precast industry, reducing electricity
consumption, decreasingthe number of workers.
The precast elements, after stripping, had plane suffaces,
wich recomanded it to use successfully to achieve the
most complex shapes.
Fig.. 9 SCC Prefabricated elements
The durability of a structure largely depends on the permeability of the surface layer wich is responsablle for the
penetration of aggressive substances. Lake of a good compaction of the surface layer of the usually vibrated concrete can be one of the causes of premature degaradation
of concrete in aggressive environemments.
REFERENCE 1. Okamura H., Ouchi M. -Self-compacting concrete. Journal of advanced concrete technology 2. Gaimster R., Gibs J.-Self compacting
concrete 3. Goodier C. I-Development of self –compacting concrete, 4. Geert de Schutter,Peter J.M. Bartos, Peter Domone and John Gibs-Self
compacting concrete 5. Rilem Technical Committee. Casting of self compacting concrete 6. EFNARC-Speciication and guidelines for self compacting concrete 7.
Damtoft J.S.,Lukasik J.,Herfort D., Sorrentino D. and Gartner E.M.-Sustanaible development and climate change initiatives.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH X 5
RESEARCH PAPER
Literature
Volume : 6 | Issue : 2 | FEBRUARY 2016 | ISSN - 2249-555X
Brahamand in Puran and Jinagam
KEYWORDS
Prof Dr B L Sethi
Abhilasha Jaiman
M.Phil, Ph.D, D.Litt Director, Trilok Institutute of higer
Sturdies and Research ,Hotel OM Tower, Church Road
M I Road, Jaipur- 302001
Research Scholar, University of Rajasthan
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Volume : 6 | Issue : 2 | FEBRUARY 2016 | ISSN - 2249-555X
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3- ckyqdkizHkk % ftldh izHkk ckyqdk ds leku gksrh gSA ¼28 gtkj ;kstu eksVh½
4- iadizHkk % izHkk dkpM+ ds leku gS ¼10 yk[k ujd gSa½ ¼24 gtkj ;kstu eksVh½
5- /kweizHkk % ftldh izHkk /kqaok ds leku gS] og ?kwe izHkk Hkwfe gSA
6- re% izHkk % ftldh izHkk va/kdkj ds leku gS og Hkwfe re izHkk gSA
7- egkre izHkk % bl Hkwfe esa xgu va/kdkj gSA
bu i``Foh;ksa ds vU; uke Hkh cryk;s x;s gSA /kEek] oa'kk] es/kk] vatuk] vkjs"Vk] e/
kok vkSj ek/kohA
rŸokFkZlw= esa of.kZr czgk.M
rRokFkZlw= esa of.kZr czã.M ds vuqlkj ;g yksd tho vkSj thosrj iqn~xy] /keZ] v/keZ]
vkdk'k vkSj dky uked 6 nzO;ksa la lajfpr gSA vkSj blesa rhuksa yksdksa dks Å/oZyksd
] e/;yksd vkSj v/kksyksd ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSa vkSj budks gh Øe'k% LoxZyksd]
Hkwyksd vkSj ujdyksd dgk tkrk gSA
yksd ds vUrxZr Å/oZyksd esa LoxksZa dh fLFkfr ds Åij Øe'k% ukS xzSos;d] ukS vuqfn'k
vkSj ikap vuqŸkj foeku gS] ftuds Åij fl)f'kyk fLFkr gS rFkk /kuksnf/k okroy;]
/kuokroy; vkSj vkSj ruqokroy; rhuksa yksdksa dks oyf;r vkSj fLFkr fd;s gq, gSA
bl yksd dk vkdkj iq:"kkdkj gSaA
i`Fohyksd ;k Hkwyksd esa vusd ioZr] }hi] ufn;ka] ?kkfV;ka vkfn gSA ;gka ij e/; esa
tEcw}hi fLFkr gS vkSj bl tEcw }hi vki esa lenqz pkjksa vksj ls [kkjs gSA bl yo.kh;
leqnz ds vUrxZr mlls f}xqf.kr foLrkj okyk /kkrdh [k.M gSA tks vius ls nqxqus
foLrkj okys dyksnf/k leqnz ls f?kjk gSA dkyksnf/k leqnz ds vuUrj iq"djoj }hi gSA
bl izdkj tEcw}hi] /kkrdh [k.M vkSj iq"djk)Z )hi
Editor,
INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH
303, Maharana Pratap Complex, Opp. Kapadia Guest House, B/H V.S.Hospital, Paldi,
Ahmedabad-380006, Gujarat (INDIA)
Cell: +91 8866 00 3636, +91 9904 00 0288, Website : www.ijar.in, Email : Editor@ijar.in
INDEX
Sr.
No.
Title
Page
No.
1
Effect of Strategies in Enhancing Social Adjustment Among Middle School Students
- P. Nirmala Devi, Dr. M. Parimala Fathima
1-2
2
The Advantages of Using Self Compacting Concrete for Reinforced Concrete Structures in an
Aggressive Marine Environment
- Ciinoiu Marian, Gramescu Ana Maria
3-5
3
Brahamand in Puran and Jinagam
- Prof Dr B L Sethi, Abhilasha Jaiman
6-7
4
Treatment of Infected Non Union of Lower Limb Long Bones with Limb Reconstruction System (Lrs).
- Dr Mukesh N Shah, Dr Josal S Patel
8-11
5
Deconstructing the Hegemony of History: A Study of Postcolonial Resistance in the Indian and
African Perspective
- Dr. Somdev Banik
12-14
6
Incidence of Malignancy in Solitary nodule of Thyroid
- Dr. C Ramchandraiah, Dr. R Sadgunachary, Dr. Vijayabhargav
15-19
7
Microinance and Women Empowerment: Evidence from India - Review of Literature
- Ms. Madhavi Kodamarty, Ms. Ranjani Srinivasan
20-22
8
Study on Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome Between Literate and Illiterate in Rural Area of Varanasi
- Dr Narendra Kumar Sharma, Dr Ajamal Singh Bhayal
23-25
9
Simultaneous Estimation of A Three Component Mixture of Aspirin, Caffeine and Orphenadrine
Citrate by Uv Spectrophotometric Method of Absorbance Correction for Interference
- Sanjay Pai PN, Gaude Sameeksha, Anusha Palekar
26-28
10
Antibacterial Activity of Plant Extracts Against Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Punicae Causing
Bacterial Blight of Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.)
- S K Alane, C S Swami
29-30
11
Treatment of Tetanus in Goats and Sheep
- U.UMADEVI, P.MADHU MATHI, K.SARANYA, T.UMAKANTHAN
12
Study Regarding Eficiency of Jump Service in Volleyball High Performance
- Cojocaru Adin-Marian, Cojocaru Marilena
32-34
13
Excellence in Higher Education: Link with College Principals’ Leadership Styles.
- ARPIT SHANKHDHAR
35-36
14
Impediments in Success of CBCS in Colleges of HP
- ASHWANI KUMAR SHARMA
37-39
15
Study of Freyer's Prostatectomy in Bph with Special Reference to Modiied Management Plan (Early
Removal of Catheter) and Haemorrhage
- Dr Pankaj Singh, Dr Dinesh Pratap
40-42
16
Teacher’s Locus of Control Scale: Development & Validation (TLOCS)
- Madhu Gupta, Indu Nain,
43-45
17
One – Room Schoolhouse+Fanatical Teacher + Commited Students = Freedom from a Life of Poverty
- Gautam Neeraj, Dr . M.S Khan
46-47
18
Genetic Variability Among Mythical Kinnaura Tribe
- Ravi Kiran Sharma
48-50
19
Women Employment in Organized Sector of India: an Empirical Perspective
- Navdeep Kaur, Sarbjit Kaur
51-53
20
Micro-Finance – a Tool for Sustainable Livestock Production
- Dr. T. Vijaya Nirmala, Dr. K. Ravi, Dr. B. Vamsi Krishna
54-56
31
Sr.
No.
Title
Page
No.
21
Legal Aid In India-An Overview
- Dr.Prativa Panda
57-58
22
Pattern of Growth Lengths, Circumference Chest and Body Weight of Bali Pig
- I P. Sampurna, T. S. Nindhia, I K.Suatha
59-62
23
Changes in The Activity of Enzyme Peroxidase (Ec 1.11.1.7) During Leaf Senescence in Sericultural
Crop Morus Alba Linn
- S. K. Khade
63-64
24
Employee Empowerment
- G.A.HEMA
65-67
25
Geomorphological Mapping for Identiication of Groundwater Potential Zones in Hard Rock Areas
Using Geospatial Information- a Case Study of Nagavati Watershed in Dharmapuri District, Tamil
Nadu, India
- R. Kannan, S. Venkateswaran, M.Vijay Prabhu, S.Satheeshkumar
68-70
26
Assessment of Parasitic Protozoan Infestation on Commonly Consumed Raw Vegetables and Their
Sources of Contamination
- Sameer Sood, D.K. Kocher
71-73
27
Performance of Madras Export Processing Zones (Mepzs)
- DR.SP.MATHIRAJ, R.SAROJA DEVI
74-77
RESEARCH PAPER
Education
Volume : 6 | Issue : 2 | FEBRUARY 2016 | ISSN - 2249-555X
Effect of Strategies in Enhancing Social Adjustment
Among Middle School Students
KEYWORDS
P. Nirmala Devi
Dr. M. Parimala Fathima
Research scholar, Lecturer, DIET, Pudukkotai
Research Coordinator, Alagappa University College of
Education , Karaikudi.
ABSTRACT Emotional Maturity is the key to a happy , fulfilled life. Without which, the individual falls an easy prey to
the dependencies and insecurities. Social Adjustment is one of the components of Emotional Maturity.
The behavior of children at school is a crucial element in their overall social adjustment. The present investigation has
been undertaken in order to the study the effect of strategies in enhancing social adjustment among middle school
students. Simple Experimental Design was used in this study. Social Adjustment scale was developed by investigator.
This study reveals that the students under the stage of adolescence (above age 12) lack in social adjustment. Strategies were developed by investigator is useful for developing social adjustment among middle school students.
INTRODUCTION
Middle school students are under the stage of adolescence seems to be the formative stage. Middle childhood is a time of dramatic physical, cognitive, emotional,
and social change (Cole & Cole, 1993).Children develops
on many levels, entering new endeavors and worlds daily. They begin to learn how to establish healthy relationships, ind socially acceptable ways to engage in activities
that interest them, and make their way through school.
However, a number of children experience more trials
than their peers .Some are unable to ind solid emotional
and social ground as they progress through their developmental stages. An inability to “it it” can have behavioral
manifestations that cause signiicant dificulty for both children themselves and those around them. When a child’s
behavior violates the accepted norms at home, at school,
or in the community can result, such as suspensions or
expulsions from school. Lot of opportunities and avenue
are there to get them social maladjustment. Hence the
researcher selected this problem to enhance Social Adjustment among middle school students by using new approaches and strategies.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The problem selected for the present investigation is “
Effect of Strategies in Enhancing Social Adjustment
among Middle School Students”.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STDUDY
• To ind identify the level of social adjustment among
middle school students.
• To develop and implement the strategies to enhance
social adjustment.
• To assess the level of Social Adjustment after the implementation of strategies.
• To ind out and analyses the effect of these strategies.
HYPOTHESIS
• There is no signiicant difference between achievement
scores of pre test and post test in social adjustment.
• There is no signiicant difference between Social Adjustment of the boys and girls in pre test score.
• There is no signiicant difference between Social Adjustment of the boys and girls in post test score.
DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study will be conined only on 8th standard students in
PUMS, Kanniapuram, Dindigul District.
Social Adjustment is to be assessed only on the basis of
selected tool.
RESEARCH METHOD
Experimental Design (Pre test – Treatment- Post test) has
been used.
Sample selection
19 (11 Male + 08 Female) students
are studying VIII
standard in PUMS, Kanniapuram, Sanarpatti Block in Dindigul District were selected as a sample for present investigation.
Tool Preparation:
The investigator prepared Social Adjustment Questionnaire. The question consists of 20 items. All the 20 items
were given to educational experts for reining and also
given to 5 students in K.R. Higher Secondary School, Oddanchatram to ind out the understanding level of the students. After experts‟ opinion and students response, some
items were modiied and some items were rearranged and
inally 20 items were retained. The tool has three points
like Always, Rarely and Never. The score for the items was
2, 1 and 0. The maximum score is 40 and the minimum
will be zero. It includes three dimensions. The dimension
of the tool is given in the following table.
S.No Dimension of the Tool
1.
Individual Adjustment
2.
Adjustment with Family
3.
Adjustment with School
4.
Adjustment with Society
Total No. Items : 20
Positive Item
1
11,15,17
5,7,9,13
3,8,18
Negative Item
4,12,14,16
6,20
2
10,19
Statistical Technique
Percentage analysis and
t test
PLANNING OF INTERVENTION
The investigator planned for intervention as follows.
• The students‟ strength of the classroom is very small,
so the investigator taken all the students of standard
INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH X 1
RESEARCH PAPER
Volume : 6 | Issue : 2 | FEBRUARY 2016 | ISSN - 2249-555X
VIII in Panchayat Union Middle School , Kanniapuram,
Sanarpatti Union in Dindigul district as sample.
The investigator conducted a pre test by using (Social
Adjustment Questionnaire) and found out their level of
social adjustment.
The investigator prepared activities for enhancing their
social adjustment among middle school students
Planned and executed all the activities within the prescribed duration of the study.
Instructions were given to students before executing
each activity.
Introduced content of activity and gave them enough
time for learning.
After completion of the activity, the students were allowed to discuss what they have learnt.
The treatment i.e proposed intervention is to be conducted for two weeks.
At the end, a post test was conducted and ind out
their level of social adjustment.
The calculated t value is 29.43 is greater than the table
value 2.101 at 0.05 level of signiicance, so the investigator rejected the hypothesis “there is no signiicant difference between achievement scores of pre test and
post test in Social Adjustment.”It reveals that, there is a
signiicant difference between the pre test scores and post
test scores in social adjustment of the total sample at 0.05
level of signiicance.
EXECUTION OF INTERVENTION
The Investigator planned 10 different activities to enhance
social adjustment of middle school students. She designed
the strategies into three different categories as given in
the following table.
Signiicant Difference between the Social Adjustment of
Boys and Girls in Post test
ACTIVITY: 1 Answer the Following
The question paper consists of 34 items (based on adjustment with self, family, friends and society was prepared by
investigator and given to each student.
The calculated t value is 0.53 is greater than the table
value 2.101 at 0.05 level of signiicance. It reveals that,
“there is no signiicant difference between Social Adjustment of the boys and girls in post test score.”
ACTIVITY: 2 Match the following
The sheet consist of 11 items) based on some skills like
honesty responsibility, accept the ideas of others, cleanliness and obey the rules inside the classroom.
FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
The minimum social adjustment score in the pre test was
22.5 % and maxim score was 55%.The minimum social
adjustment score in the post test was 72.5 % and maximum score was 90 %.The mean of social adjustment in pre
test was 11.79 and post test was 32.63.There is a signiicant difference between the pre test score and post test
score in social adjustment of the total sample at 0.05 level
of signiicance. There is no signiicant difference between
social adjustment of the boys and girls in pre test score.
There is no signiicant difference between social adjustment of the boys and girls in post test score. This study
also indicates that, there is no gender difference in enhancing social adjustment. Hence the adopted interventional strategies were gender free.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ACTIVITY: 3 Group Discussions
Students were divided three groups according to the
strength of the class. The teacher gave different titles related to the value education like punctuality, cleanliness, hard
work, cooperation, faith, adjustment with others etc.
ACTIVITY: 4 Story Reading and Discussion
The investigator divided the students into three groups.
She gave three different stories cards and students were
asked to read the stories and to ind out the values in given stories.
MINOR GAMES
ACTIVITY: 5 making paper ships
ACTIVITY: 6 Paper Cutting
ACTIVITY: 7 pour the water into Bottle
ACTIVITY: 8 Finding the Leader of the Group
ACTIVITY: 9 touching the joints in our body
ACTIVITY: 10 making Network by using Rope
DATA ANALYSIS
Signiicant Difference between Pre Test and Post Test
Scores of Middle School
Signiicant Difference between the Social Adjustment of
Boys and Girls in Pre Test
Group
Boys
Girls
Mean
12.45
10.88
SD
3.36
2.18
t value
Signiicance
0.49
NS
The calculated t value is 0.49
is greater than the table value 2.110 at 0.05 level of signiicance. It reveals that,
“there is no signiicant difference between Social Adjustment of the boys and girls in pre test score.
Group
Boys
Girls
Mean
33.18
31.88
SD
2.24
2.41
t value
Signiicance
0.53
NS
CONCLUSION
The investigator enhanced social adjustment among middle students through applying strategies. Activities were
implemented step by step; they focused different dimensions of social adjustment among students. During implementation, the students experienced various aspects in enhancing social adjustment. The students were enjoyed and
participated in an active manner. Students were involved
in various activities like group discussion, pair study, minor
games, drawing, reading and writing
.
Students in Social Adjustment
Test
Mean
SD
Pre
11.79
3.17
Post
32.63
2.57
t value
Signiicance
29.43
S
• Cole, A. L., & Knowles, J. G. (1993). Teacher development partnership research: A focus on methods and issues. American Educational
Research Journal, 30, 473-495. • Robins, A., Schneider, M. & Dolnick, M. (1977). The turtle technique: An extended case study of self-control
in the classroom. • CCE manual for Co scholastic areas prepared by SCERT ,Tamilnadu.
REFERENCE
2 X INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH
RESEARCH PAPER
Environmental Science
Volume : 6 | Issue : 2 | FEBRUARY 2016 | ISSN - 2249-555X
“ The Advantages of Using Self Compacting
Concrete for Reinforced Concrete Structures in an
Aggressive Marine Environment”
KEYWORDS
durability, concrete, marine environment
Ciinoiu Marian
Gramescu Ana Maria
PhD Student Eng. Ovidius University of Constanta PhD
Student Constanta
Romania
PhD Eng. Ovidius University of Constanta Assoc.
Professor Constanta Romania
Achieving sustainable constructions, durable, exploited in aggressive chemical environments, in the
marine environment, involves the development of materials capable of having appropriate behavior
based on a thorough knowledge. The durability of the utilized concrete in structural elements exploited in the marine environment can be improved by monitoring and influencing variation of strength and also of mass variations of
the concrete. In this paper, the authors develop research results through a comparative analysis of samples tested in
two different environments, in distilled water and in sea water taken from the Black Sea. The authors monitored the
variation of strength and mass concrete in the two environments at different ages.
Based on these results the authors present the advantages of using self-compacting concrete in the reinforced concret
structure located in the area of marine aggressiveness.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
A decisive role in the design composition of concrete used
for construction works operated in areas with natural aggressiveness it has the degree of compactness and impermeability of concrete.The most common method used to
compacting traditional concrete is vibrating. The method
is based on the balance between viscosity forces, internal friction and inertial forces of all components, concrete
compacting it when balance is destroyed by increasing
the strength of the vibrating force. Defects that involve
improper compaction usually is discovered when the structural element is demoulding. Usually follows repear affected concrete, without signiicantly improve the quality
and poorly compacted concrete area. All the deiciencies
related to compaction and vibration can be eliminated by
using self-compacting concrete. Self –compacting concrete
has a relatively recent history, the concept was introduced
in 1980 in Japan , by Okamura. The main property of this
type of concrete is to move under its own weight, illing
intricate spaces and achieving full compaction even in
thick reinforcement areas. Self compacting concrete has a
high workability providing a superior inishing and durability degree for construction works. The irst self-compacting
practical applications were made in the early 1990’s in Japan, and after this, several major companies developing
their own recipes for self compacting concrete.
THE OBJECTIVES WORK OF AUTHORS
The objectives of the work has been:
To identify the advantages using self –compacting concrete for structures located in the marine environement, by
studying the behavior of fresh self compacting concrete.
To identify the mechanism for transport of aggressive substances in concrete through comparative studies on the
behavior of normal vibrated concrete and self compacting
concrete in aggressive marine environement.
MATERIALS , TEST METHODS
The irst step was the selection of raw materials needed to
manufacture specimens and prefabricated elements, selecting samples of seawater from the Black Sea . It was created artiicial conditions of the marine environement, by
illing pools with seawater were the concrete cubes were
maintained. At the same time , two tanks were illed with
distilled water, were the comparative samples were maintained.
Selected raw materials entered into the composition of the
concrete was:
•
•
•
•
Crushed aggregates quarry in granitic rocks, from
Cerna career, Tulcea, and meeting the conditions of
admissibility laid down by SR EN 1260:2003
The cement used was Portland Cement with ly ash,
CEM II/AV42,5R supplied by Lafarge Ciment (Romania), Medgidia Plant, respecting the admissibility criteria set out in EN 197-1:2002.
Limestone iller , whose main component is calcium
carbonate obtained by ine grinding of limestone
rocks. Sources: Lafarge Aggregates Concrete SA,
Hoghiz Plant, Brasov.
Admixture Glenium 115, supplied by Basf SA.
In the irst stage of research were screened fresh concrete
properties and subsequently cured state.Tests were conducted in the following test laboratories:
Lafarge Agregates Concrete Laboratory: making and
keeping specimens, tests on fresh concrete, compressive
strength, depth of carbonation.
ICH Constanta Laboratory: bending tensile strength, permeability test and gelevity.
Comparisons were made for SCC(self-compacting concrte)
and TVC(traditional vibrated concrete), class C30/37 , with
the following characteristics:
CONCRETE CLASS C30/37
SCC
Dosage cement [kg]
390
Filer limestone
[kg]
135
Admixture Glenium 115 [kg]
Admixture Optima 203 [kg] 8.58
Ratio W/C
0.48
Table 1. Concrete recipe SCC and TVC
TVC
390
2.09
0.48
INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH X 3
RESEARCH PAPER
Volume : 6 | Issue : 2 | FEBRUARY 2016 | ISSN - 2249-555X
In order to evaluate the properties of concrete fresh test
the representative was to determine the spread of compaction, resulting in a spread of about 700 mm as compared with the TVC where for the concrete C30/37 , class
consistency S5, sample test was aprox.230mm, were found
visible segregation and the appearance of illies.
Fig.01 Slamp-low test
In order to determine the low capacity of the SCC was
performed O’Funel test who achieved a low time about
11 sec, between the time of opening the hatch and the
total low of the concrete.
Fig.04 J-Ring Test
O’Funel test
To determine the low and passing ability, to detect visual the ability to low of the concrete, the testing method
used was LBox. The result was 1,concrete its in PA2, concrete with good carryieng capacity.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH SCC/TVC: SEA WATER
Compressive strength (MPa)
Fig .2
To determine the mechanical strength of concrete specimens and study of behavior of the concrete under the inluence of sea water were made 17 samplles concrete of
TVC and 31 samples of SCC. Interpretation of the results is
shown in the charts bellow.
60
50
40
BAC
30
BVN
20
10
0
7 zile
28 zile
56 zile
90 zile
1 an
BAC
41,99
51,73
52,15
53,05
54,05
BVN
36,52
48,68
49,13
49,02
50,3
Fig.05 Compressive strength SCC/TVC-sea water
Compressive strength (MPa)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH SCC/TVC: DISTILLED WATER
Fig.03 LBox Test
To determine the passing ability were used J-Ring Test.
The result obtained it was 800 mm.
4 X INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH
70
60
50
40
BAC
30
BVN
20
10
0
28 zile
56 zile
90 zile
1 an
BAC
42,28
50,9
51,04
52,18
60,13
BVN
37,45
7 zile
48,55
49,13
51,08
53,22
Fig.06 Compressive strength SCC/TVC-distilled water
RESEARCH PAPER
Volume : 6 | Issue : 2 | FEBRUARY 2016 | ISSN - 2249-555X
CONCLUSIONS
For the fresh concrete test were taken as reference values
set out in The Europen Guidelines for self compacting concrete.
Depth (cm)
Permeability
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7,8
5,3
BAC
BVN
28 zile
BAC
5,3
BVN
7,8
Carbonation depth (mm)
Fig.7 Water Permeability SCC/TVC
6
3
BAC
3
BVN
2
1
0
28 zile
BAC
3
BVN
5
Test
Unit
Result
EFNARC
class
Slamp low
mm
700
SF2
V-funnel
sec
L-Box
5
5
4
Studied the self-compacting concrete results have allowed
its classiication as follows:
Fig.8 Carbonation SCC/TVC
Then it started to manufacture precast element, to study
the behavior of self compacting concrete in horizontal
and in vertical elements. The precast element obtained
were consistent yield expectation, were obtained perfectly
smooth faces without being vibrated concrete.
J-Ring
mm
6
VS1/VF1
1
PA2
7
Table 2 Results of fresh SCC
Results research showed that workability, coesion and homogeneity of self compacting concrete are superior compared vibrated concrete, for the same strength class.
The use of limestone iller in concrete composition gives it
a structure denser, more compact.
By using BAC for execution concrete structures shall be
eliminated vibrating equipment needed for fresh concrete,
leading to a number of advantages: reducing noise pollution, particularly in precast industry, reducing electricity
consumption, decreasingthe number of workers.
The precast elements, after stripping, had plane suffaces,
wich recomanded it to use successfully to achieve the
most complex shapes.
Fig.. 9 SCC Prefabricated elements
The durability of a structure largely depends on the permeability of the surface layer wich is responsablle for the
penetration of aggressive substances. Lake of a good compaction of the surface layer of the usually vibrated concrete can be one of the causes of premature degaradation
of concrete in aggressive environemments.
REFERENCE 1. Okamura H., Ouchi M. -Self-compacting concrete. Journal of advanced concrete technology 2. Gaimster R., Gibs J.-Self compacting
concrete 3. Goodier C. I-Development of self –compacting concrete, 4. Geert de Schutter,Peter J.M. Bartos, Peter Domone and John Gibs-Self
compacting concrete 5. Rilem Technical Committee. Casting of self compacting concrete 6. EFNARC-Speciication and guidelines for self compacting concrete 7.
Damtoft J.S.,Lukasik J.,Herfort D., Sorrentino D. and Gartner E.M.-Sustanaible development and climate change initiatives.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH X 5
RESEARCH PAPER
Literature
Volume : 6 | Issue : 2 | FEBRUARY 2016 | ISSN - 2249-555X
Brahamand in Puran and Jinagam
KEYWORDS
Prof Dr B L Sethi
Abhilasha Jaiman
M.Phil, Ph.D, D.Litt Director, Trilok Institutute of higer
Sturdies and Research ,Hotel OM Tower, Church Road
M I Road, Jaipur- 302001
Research Scholar, University of Rajasthan
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tho dk pje y{; gSA
czã.Mh; fopkj
yksd ¼czã.M Lo:i½ l`f"V dh jpuk vn`'; o peRdkfjd :i ls ekuh tkrh gSA
fgUnw /keZ esa vusd dFkk dgkfu;ka miyC/k gSA fgUnw /kkfeZd ekU;rk esa ekuk x;k gS]
izy; ds dqN le; iwoZ l`f"V ds l`tudrkZ fo".kq us euq"; dks LoIu esa n'kZu nsdj
,d ukSdk fuekZ.k dk vkns'k nsdj lHkh iztkfr;ksa ds tksMs j[kus dks dgkA fuf'pr
le; ij Hk;adj izy; vkus ij fo".kq Hkxoku us eNyh dk vorkj ysdj euq o mudh
ukSdk dks lqjf{kr j[kkA blds i'pkr~ iqu% euq o mudh lUrkuksa us l`f"V dh jpuk
esa iap eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA
Volume : 6 | Issue : 2 | FEBRUARY 2016 | ISSN - 2249-555X
yksd dk foLrkj % & vkpk;Z mekLokeh ds vuqlkj leLr yksd jktw uked bZdkbZ ds
}kjk ukik tk ldrk gSA muds vuqlkj lEiw.kZ yksd dh Å¡pkbZ pkSng jktw gSA ftlesa
v/kksyksd dh Å¡pkbZ lkr jktw gSA e/; yksd dh Å¡pkbZ ,d yk[k ;kstu gSA m/oZyksd
dh Å¡pkbZ ,d yk[k ;kstu de lkr jktw gSA
v/kksyksd % v/kksyksd ds vUrxZr lkr i`Foh;ksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] tks ,d&,d
jktw ds vUrj esa fLFkr gSA buds fuEu ukekasa dk mYys[k rRokFkZ lw= esa fd;k x;k gSA
1- jRuizHkk % djHkkx] iad Hkkx] v{k cgqy ;g rhu Hkkx gSA buds fuEu ukeksa dk
mYys[k rRofFklw= esa fd;k x;k gSA ftldh Økafr jRuksa ds leku gSA ¼1 yk[k 80
gtkj ;kstu eksVh gS½
2- 'kdZjkizHkk % tks 'kdZjk ds leku izHkk okyh Hkwfe gSA ¼;g Hkwfe 32 gtkj ;kstu
eksVh gS½
3- ckyqdkizHkk % ftldh izHkk ckyqdk ds leku gksrh gSA ¼28 gtkj ;kstu eksVh½
4- iadizHkk % izHkk dkpM+ ds leku gS ¼10 yk[k ujd gSa½ ¼24 gtkj ;kstu eksVh½
5- /kweizHkk % ftldh izHkk /kqaok ds leku gS] og ?kwe izHkk Hkwfe gSA
6- re% izHkk % ftldh izHkk va/kdkj ds leku gS og Hkwfe re izHkk gSA
7- egkre izHkk % bl Hkwfe esa xgu va/kdkj gSA
bu i``Foh;ksa ds vU; uke Hkh cryk;s x;s gSA /kEek] oa'kk] es/kk] vatuk] vkjs"Vk] e/
kok vkSj ek/kohA
rŸokFkZlw= esa of.kZr czgk.M
rRokFkZlw= esa of.kZr czã.M ds vuqlkj ;g yksd tho vkSj thosrj iqn~xy] /keZ] v/keZ]
vkdk'k vkSj dky uked 6 nzO;ksa la lajfpr gSA vkSj blesa rhuksa yksdksa dks Å/oZyksd
] e/;yksd vkSj v/kksyksd ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSa vkSj budks gh Øe'k% LoxZyksd]
Hkwyksd vkSj ujdyksd dgk tkrk gSA
yksd ds vUrxZr Å/oZyksd esa LoxksZa dh fLFkfr ds Åij Øe'k% ukS xzSos;d] ukS vuqfn'k
vkSj ikap vuqŸkj foeku gS] ftuds Åij fl)f'kyk fLFkr gS rFkk /kuksnf/k okroy;]
/kuokroy; vkSj vkSj ruqokroy; rhuksa yksdksa dks oyf;r vkSj fLFkr fd;s gq, gSA
bl yksd dk vkdkj iq:"kkdkj gSaA
i`Fohyksd ;k Hkwyksd esa vusd ioZr] }hi] ufn;ka] ?kkfV;ka vkfn gSA ;gka ij e/; esa
tEcw}hi fLFkr gS vkSj bl tEcw }hi vki esa lenqz pkjksa vksj ls [kkjs gSA bl yo.kh;
leqnz ds vUrxZr mlls f}xqf.kr foLrkj okyk /kkrdh [k.M gSA tks vius ls nqxqus
foLrkj okys dyksnf/k leqnz ls f?kjk gSA dkyksnf/k leqnz ds vuUrj iq"djoj }hi gSA
bl izdkj tEcw}hi] /kkrdh [k.M vkSj iq"djk)Z )hi