Institutional Repository | Satya Wacana Christian University: An Anlysis on Pip’s Characther Development in Dickens’ Great Expectations
AN ANALYSIS ON PIP’S CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT
THROUGH PLOT IN DICKEN’S GREAT EXPECTATIONS
THESIS
Submitted to the English Department
To Fulfill Partial Requirements
For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
BY:
ELA SUTRIYATININGSIH
392014533
THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
2015
iii
i
ii
APPROVAL PAGES
This thesis about An analysis on Pip’s character development in
Dickens’ Great Expectations has been defended before the language and
Literature Examination of Satya Wacana Christian University Salatiga at:
Day
: Friday
Date
: 23 January 2015
Place at
: G1
It has already been accepted as a partial requirement for degree of
Sarjana Sastra.
Examiner I
Examiner II
(Deta Maria Sri Darta, S.Pd., M. Hum) (Ervin Suryaningsih, S.S., M. Hum)
Advisor,
(Anna Sri Astuti, S.Pd., M. Hum)
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Great thanks to Allah SWT for all blessing and mighty, so that I
have done the thesis well.
I would like to thank to all people who had helped her in carrying
out this thesis . For all the encouragements, supports, guidance, help, and
attention, the writer would like to thank to :
1. My beloved parents for the endless love, pray and support
2. My husband. Thank you for your motivation and attention to me.
3. My brother for his kindness and giving support.
4. Ibu Anna Sri Astuti, S.Pd., M. Hum as the advisor who has given
advise, motivation and guided me patiently in writing the script.
5. Ibu Deta Maria Sri Darta, S.Pd., M. Hum and Ibu Ervin
Suryaningsih, S.S., M. Hum as the examiners for their valuable
corrections and suggestions.
6. All lecturers and staffs for learning process and help and
togetherness all this time.
7. For all people who can not be mentioned one by one for the support
and the help so that the writer could finish this thesis well.
v
ABSTRAK
Di dalam kehidupan ini, siapapun mempunyai impian di dalam
hidupnya. Salah satunya adalah ingin menjadi kaya sehingga dapat
menaikkan derajat sosial kita.
Sastra dapat digunakan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang
terjadi di kehidupan nyata. Ini berarti bahwa apa yang kita temukan di
dalam karya sastra adalah gambaran dari kehidupan nyata sehingga kita bisa
belajar darinya. Skripsi ini menganalisis sebuah novel karya Charles
Dickens yang berjudul Great Expectations. Berdasarkan novel tersebut,
penulis menemukan dua permasalahan yang menjadi objek dalam penelitian
ini. Permasalahan pertama adalah menemukan peristiwa-peristiwa yang
dialami Pip untuk menyusun plot. Dan permasalahan kedua adalah
menemukan perubahan karakter Pip melalui plot.
Novel ini bercerita tentang seaorang anak yatim piatu yang
tinggal bersama kakak perempuannya dan iparnya. Ia bernama Pip. Pip
digambarkan sebagai karakter yang dinamis karena di awal cerita
karakteristiknya adalah orang yang miskin dan baik hati kemudian
berkembang menjadi orang kaya yang sombong di masa pertumbuhannya.
Tetapi pada saat memasuki kedewasaanya, dia berubah menjadi orang yang
baik hati lagi seperti di awal cerita.
Di dalam cerita ini, banyak tokoh yang mempengaruhi
perkembangan karakteristik Pip. Diantaranya Joe dan Estella. Joe
digambarkan sebagai orang yang sederhana dan baik hati, menghantarkan
Pip sebagai seorang anak yang baik di awal cerita dan menjadi sadar atas
kesalahannya karena telah berbuat tidak baik kepada Joe di saat Pip menjadi
seorang gentleman. Sedangkan Estella, menjadikan Pip sebagai orang yang
berambisi untuk menjadi seorang gentleman supaya cintanya diterima oleh
Estella.
Akhir kata, saya berharap bahwa pembaca dapat meningkatkan
pengetahuan mereka terutama mahasiswa sastra UKSW.
vi
ABSTRACT
Anyone has dreams in this life. One of them is the desire to be
rich so it can rise our social status.
Literature can be used to describe the things happen in reality. It
means that something we find from literature is a reflection of reality, so we
can learn from it. This thesis analyzes a novel Great Expectations by
Charles Dickens. Based on that novel, the writer finds two problems which
as an object in this study. First problem is to find out events and conflicts
experienced by Pip that makes up the plot and the second problem is to find
out Pip’s character development through plot.
This novel tells about an orphan who lives with his sister and
brother in law. His name is Pip. He has development in characteristics
because in the beginning of the story, his characteristic is a poor and kind
person then develops to become an arrogant rich person in growing up. But,
he becomes a kind person again as in the beginning of the story when he
enters his adult.
In this story, there are many characters who influence Pip’s
character development. Such as, Joe and Estella. Joe makes Pip to realize
that Joe who cares of him although Pip has bad behaviour to Joe when Pip
becomes rich and a gentleman. While Estella, bringing Pip into being an
ambitious person to become a gentleman so that his love is accepted by
Estella.
Finally, I hope that readers can improve their knowledge
especially to the students of Satya Wacana Christian University who are
studying literature.
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ...................................................................................
i
APPROVAL PAGE ........................................................................
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................
iii
ABSTRACT .....................................................................................
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................
vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................
1
1.1.
Background of the Study .................................................
1
1.2.
Problem Formulation ......................................................
3
1.3.
Objective of the Study .....................................................
3
1.4.
Scope of the Study ...........................................................
3
1.5.
Significance of the Study ................................................
4
1.6.
Definition of Terms .........................................................
4
THEORITECAL REVIEW ............................
6
CHAPTER II
2.1.
Review of Related Studies ..............................................
6
2.2.
Review of Related Theories ............................................
7
2.2.1.
Plot .................................................................................
7
2.2.1.1 Plot Structure ....................................................................
8
1. Exposition ....................................................................
8
2. Rising Action or Complication .....................................
8
3. Climax or Crisis ...........................................................
9
4. Falling Action ..............................................................
9
5. Resolution ....................................................................
9
viii
2.2.2
Character and Characterization .......................................
9
2.2.3
Character Development ...................................................
11
2.3
Theoretical Framework ....................................................
12
RESEARCH METHOD ...................................
15
3.1. Object of the Study ..............................................................
16
3.2. Approach of the Study .........................................................
16
3.3. Methods of the Study ...........................................................
16
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION .......
18
4.1. Events and Conflicts are experienced by Pip .......................
18
4.1.1. Exposition .............................................................................
18
a. Pip meets Magwitch ........................................................
19
b. Pip is brought up by his sister and her husband ..............
20
c. Pip meets Estella at first time ..........................................
21
4.1.2. Rising Action or Complication .............................................
21
a. Pip returns to Miss Havisham .........................................
22
b. Pip is accompanied Joe when he goes to Miss Havisham
23
c. Pip meets Mr. Jagger .......................................................
24
d. Pip goes to London ...........................................................
24
4.1.3 Climax or Crisis ...................................................................
26
a. Pip knows his benefactor ................................................
26
b. Pip goes to Satis House to confront Miss Havisham .......
27
4.1.4. Falling Action .......................................................................
28
a. Pip helps Magwitch to escape London .............................
28
ix
4.1.5. Resolution .............................................................................
29
a. Pip is in debt and falls ill ..................................................
29
b. Pip encounters Estella ......................................................
31
4.2. Pip’s Characteristics .............................................................
31
4.2.1. Exposition .............................................................................
31
a. Caring ...............................................................................
31
b. Unambitious .....................................................................
32
4.2.2. Rising ...................................................................................
32
a. Caring ..............................................................................
32
b. Ambitious .........................................................................
33
c. Persistent ......................................................................... .
33
d. Arrogant .......................................................................... .
34
e. Selfish ..............................................................................
35
f. Snobbish ..........................................................................
35
4.2.3 Climax or Crisis ...................................................................
35
a. Unrealistic ......................................................................
35
4.2.4. Falling Action .......................................................................
36
a. Caring ..............................................................................
36
4.2.5. Resolution ............................................................................
37
a. Realistic ..........................................................................
37
4.3
Pip’s Characteristics which Experience Development .........
37
4.4
Pip’s Characteristic which does not Experienced Development 39
x
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION .......................................................
40
5.1. The Events are experienced by Pip ......................................
40
5.2. Pip’s Characteristics which Experienced Development ........
41
5.3. Pip’s Characteristic which does not Experienced Development 41
REFERENCES ..............................................................................
42
APPENDIX ........................................................................................
44
xi
APPENDIX
The Synopsis of the Story
The story of the novel centres on growing up of the orphan
protagonist Philip Pirrip calls Pip who lives with his sister and her husband
Joe. It begins at Christmas in a churchyard where Pip encounters an escaped
convict. This man makes Pip to steal some foods and a file for him under
threat of hurting him. However, when the convict is captured, he confesses
that it is him who steals all the things. Some time later, Pip is invited to
Satis House by Miss Havisham to play with her daughter Estella. There, he
also meets Herbert Pocket who then becomes his close friend. As a reward
for the service, Miss Havisham pays some money to Joe to have Pip as an
apprentice. This is a disappointment for Pip because he hopes that she will
make him a gentleman. Afterwards, they are visited by Mr. Jaggers, a
lawyer from London, who informs them that Pip has ‘great expectations’
from an unknown benefactor and is to be educated as a gentleman in the
capital. There, Pip begins to live with Herbert Pocket, the boy he meet at
Satis House before, and whose father, Mr. Jagger, becomes Pip’s tutor.
Moreover, he makes friends with a clerk from Mr. Jaggers’s office,
Wemmick. Although he behaves well and generously to his friends in the
city, at the same moment, he tries to forget all about his family in the
country and when Joe visits him the boy feels ashamed of his brother-inlaw. Later on, Pip is invited by Miss Havisham to visit her and meets
45
Estella, who educates in France, and he then accompanies the girl to
Richmond where she is to be introduced into the society. On the basis of
various signs, Pip believes that the benefactor is Miss Havisham who wants
him to marry Estella one day. However, the girl uses him only to evoke
jealousy in other men who court her. Before he comes of age, Pip’s sister
dies. Then one night his benefactor visits the young man. It is revealed that
it is Abel Magwitch, the escaped convict whom he meets in the beginning of
the novel. Nevertheless, he prohibites the return to England under the
penalty of death and so Pip with Herbert hide the man and make up a plan to
get him to safety. But, Magwitch is captured and finally dies of the injury
before being executed. At this time, Pip also finds out that Estella is
Magwitch’s daughter. Pip has many debts and falls very ill. During this
period, Joe comes to help Pip and also pays all the debts. At this point,
Pip finally realizes how badly he behaves and comes to visit Joe who
marries Biddy. Pip sells everything to pay the debts and leaves with Herbert
to work in his company in the East. The novel ends eleven years later when
on his return home, Pip meets Estella and they reconcile.
46
THROUGH PLOT IN DICKEN’S GREAT EXPECTATIONS
THESIS
Submitted to the English Department
To Fulfill Partial Requirements
For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
BY:
ELA SUTRIYATININGSIH
392014533
THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
2015
iii
i
ii
APPROVAL PAGES
This thesis about An analysis on Pip’s character development in
Dickens’ Great Expectations has been defended before the language and
Literature Examination of Satya Wacana Christian University Salatiga at:
Day
: Friday
Date
: 23 January 2015
Place at
: G1
It has already been accepted as a partial requirement for degree of
Sarjana Sastra.
Examiner I
Examiner II
(Deta Maria Sri Darta, S.Pd., M. Hum) (Ervin Suryaningsih, S.S., M. Hum)
Advisor,
(Anna Sri Astuti, S.Pd., M. Hum)
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Great thanks to Allah SWT for all blessing and mighty, so that I
have done the thesis well.
I would like to thank to all people who had helped her in carrying
out this thesis . For all the encouragements, supports, guidance, help, and
attention, the writer would like to thank to :
1. My beloved parents for the endless love, pray and support
2. My husband. Thank you for your motivation and attention to me.
3. My brother for his kindness and giving support.
4. Ibu Anna Sri Astuti, S.Pd., M. Hum as the advisor who has given
advise, motivation and guided me patiently in writing the script.
5. Ibu Deta Maria Sri Darta, S.Pd., M. Hum and Ibu Ervin
Suryaningsih, S.S., M. Hum as the examiners for their valuable
corrections and suggestions.
6. All lecturers and staffs for learning process and help and
togetherness all this time.
7. For all people who can not be mentioned one by one for the support
and the help so that the writer could finish this thesis well.
v
ABSTRAK
Di dalam kehidupan ini, siapapun mempunyai impian di dalam
hidupnya. Salah satunya adalah ingin menjadi kaya sehingga dapat
menaikkan derajat sosial kita.
Sastra dapat digunakan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang
terjadi di kehidupan nyata. Ini berarti bahwa apa yang kita temukan di
dalam karya sastra adalah gambaran dari kehidupan nyata sehingga kita bisa
belajar darinya. Skripsi ini menganalisis sebuah novel karya Charles
Dickens yang berjudul Great Expectations. Berdasarkan novel tersebut,
penulis menemukan dua permasalahan yang menjadi objek dalam penelitian
ini. Permasalahan pertama adalah menemukan peristiwa-peristiwa yang
dialami Pip untuk menyusun plot. Dan permasalahan kedua adalah
menemukan perubahan karakter Pip melalui plot.
Novel ini bercerita tentang seaorang anak yatim piatu yang
tinggal bersama kakak perempuannya dan iparnya. Ia bernama Pip. Pip
digambarkan sebagai karakter yang dinamis karena di awal cerita
karakteristiknya adalah orang yang miskin dan baik hati kemudian
berkembang menjadi orang kaya yang sombong di masa pertumbuhannya.
Tetapi pada saat memasuki kedewasaanya, dia berubah menjadi orang yang
baik hati lagi seperti di awal cerita.
Di dalam cerita ini, banyak tokoh yang mempengaruhi
perkembangan karakteristik Pip. Diantaranya Joe dan Estella. Joe
digambarkan sebagai orang yang sederhana dan baik hati, menghantarkan
Pip sebagai seorang anak yang baik di awal cerita dan menjadi sadar atas
kesalahannya karena telah berbuat tidak baik kepada Joe di saat Pip menjadi
seorang gentleman. Sedangkan Estella, menjadikan Pip sebagai orang yang
berambisi untuk menjadi seorang gentleman supaya cintanya diterima oleh
Estella.
Akhir kata, saya berharap bahwa pembaca dapat meningkatkan
pengetahuan mereka terutama mahasiswa sastra UKSW.
vi
ABSTRACT
Anyone has dreams in this life. One of them is the desire to be
rich so it can rise our social status.
Literature can be used to describe the things happen in reality. It
means that something we find from literature is a reflection of reality, so we
can learn from it. This thesis analyzes a novel Great Expectations by
Charles Dickens. Based on that novel, the writer finds two problems which
as an object in this study. First problem is to find out events and conflicts
experienced by Pip that makes up the plot and the second problem is to find
out Pip’s character development through plot.
This novel tells about an orphan who lives with his sister and
brother in law. His name is Pip. He has development in characteristics
because in the beginning of the story, his characteristic is a poor and kind
person then develops to become an arrogant rich person in growing up. But,
he becomes a kind person again as in the beginning of the story when he
enters his adult.
In this story, there are many characters who influence Pip’s
character development. Such as, Joe and Estella. Joe makes Pip to realize
that Joe who cares of him although Pip has bad behaviour to Joe when Pip
becomes rich and a gentleman. While Estella, bringing Pip into being an
ambitious person to become a gentleman so that his love is accepted by
Estella.
Finally, I hope that readers can improve their knowledge
especially to the students of Satya Wacana Christian University who are
studying literature.
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ...................................................................................
i
APPROVAL PAGE ........................................................................
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................
iii
ABSTRACT .....................................................................................
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................
vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................
1
1.1.
Background of the Study .................................................
1
1.2.
Problem Formulation ......................................................
3
1.3.
Objective of the Study .....................................................
3
1.4.
Scope of the Study ...........................................................
3
1.5.
Significance of the Study ................................................
4
1.6.
Definition of Terms .........................................................
4
THEORITECAL REVIEW ............................
6
CHAPTER II
2.1.
Review of Related Studies ..............................................
6
2.2.
Review of Related Theories ............................................
7
2.2.1.
Plot .................................................................................
7
2.2.1.1 Plot Structure ....................................................................
8
1. Exposition ....................................................................
8
2. Rising Action or Complication .....................................
8
3. Climax or Crisis ...........................................................
9
4. Falling Action ..............................................................
9
5. Resolution ....................................................................
9
viii
2.2.2
Character and Characterization .......................................
9
2.2.3
Character Development ...................................................
11
2.3
Theoretical Framework ....................................................
12
RESEARCH METHOD ...................................
15
3.1. Object of the Study ..............................................................
16
3.2. Approach of the Study .........................................................
16
3.3. Methods of the Study ...........................................................
16
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION .......
18
4.1. Events and Conflicts are experienced by Pip .......................
18
4.1.1. Exposition .............................................................................
18
a. Pip meets Magwitch ........................................................
19
b. Pip is brought up by his sister and her husband ..............
20
c. Pip meets Estella at first time ..........................................
21
4.1.2. Rising Action or Complication .............................................
21
a. Pip returns to Miss Havisham .........................................
22
b. Pip is accompanied Joe when he goes to Miss Havisham
23
c. Pip meets Mr. Jagger .......................................................
24
d. Pip goes to London ...........................................................
24
4.1.3 Climax or Crisis ...................................................................
26
a. Pip knows his benefactor ................................................
26
b. Pip goes to Satis House to confront Miss Havisham .......
27
4.1.4. Falling Action .......................................................................
28
a. Pip helps Magwitch to escape London .............................
28
ix
4.1.5. Resolution .............................................................................
29
a. Pip is in debt and falls ill ..................................................
29
b. Pip encounters Estella ......................................................
31
4.2. Pip’s Characteristics .............................................................
31
4.2.1. Exposition .............................................................................
31
a. Caring ...............................................................................
31
b. Unambitious .....................................................................
32
4.2.2. Rising ...................................................................................
32
a. Caring ..............................................................................
32
b. Ambitious .........................................................................
33
c. Persistent ......................................................................... .
33
d. Arrogant .......................................................................... .
34
e. Selfish ..............................................................................
35
f. Snobbish ..........................................................................
35
4.2.3 Climax or Crisis ...................................................................
35
a. Unrealistic ......................................................................
35
4.2.4. Falling Action .......................................................................
36
a. Caring ..............................................................................
36
4.2.5. Resolution ............................................................................
37
a. Realistic ..........................................................................
37
4.3
Pip’s Characteristics which Experience Development .........
37
4.4
Pip’s Characteristic which does not Experienced Development 39
x
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION .......................................................
40
5.1. The Events are experienced by Pip ......................................
40
5.2. Pip’s Characteristics which Experienced Development ........
41
5.3. Pip’s Characteristic which does not Experienced Development 41
REFERENCES ..............................................................................
42
APPENDIX ........................................................................................
44
xi
APPENDIX
The Synopsis of the Story
The story of the novel centres on growing up of the orphan
protagonist Philip Pirrip calls Pip who lives with his sister and her husband
Joe. It begins at Christmas in a churchyard where Pip encounters an escaped
convict. This man makes Pip to steal some foods and a file for him under
threat of hurting him. However, when the convict is captured, he confesses
that it is him who steals all the things. Some time later, Pip is invited to
Satis House by Miss Havisham to play with her daughter Estella. There, he
also meets Herbert Pocket who then becomes his close friend. As a reward
for the service, Miss Havisham pays some money to Joe to have Pip as an
apprentice. This is a disappointment for Pip because he hopes that she will
make him a gentleman. Afterwards, they are visited by Mr. Jaggers, a
lawyer from London, who informs them that Pip has ‘great expectations’
from an unknown benefactor and is to be educated as a gentleman in the
capital. There, Pip begins to live with Herbert Pocket, the boy he meet at
Satis House before, and whose father, Mr. Jagger, becomes Pip’s tutor.
Moreover, he makes friends with a clerk from Mr. Jaggers’s office,
Wemmick. Although he behaves well and generously to his friends in the
city, at the same moment, he tries to forget all about his family in the
country and when Joe visits him the boy feels ashamed of his brother-inlaw. Later on, Pip is invited by Miss Havisham to visit her and meets
45
Estella, who educates in France, and he then accompanies the girl to
Richmond where she is to be introduced into the society. On the basis of
various signs, Pip believes that the benefactor is Miss Havisham who wants
him to marry Estella one day. However, the girl uses him only to evoke
jealousy in other men who court her. Before he comes of age, Pip’s sister
dies. Then one night his benefactor visits the young man. It is revealed that
it is Abel Magwitch, the escaped convict whom he meets in the beginning of
the novel. Nevertheless, he prohibites the return to England under the
penalty of death and so Pip with Herbert hide the man and make up a plan to
get him to safety. But, Magwitch is captured and finally dies of the injury
before being executed. At this time, Pip also finds out that Estella is
Magwitch’s daughter. Pip has many debts and falls very ill. During this
period, Joe comes to help Pip and also pays all the debts. At this point,
Pip finally realizes how badly he behaves and comes to visit Joe who
marries Biddy. Pip sells everything to pay the debts and leaves with Herbert
to work in his company in the East. The novel ends eleven years later when
on his return home, Pip meets Estella and they reconcile.
46