A comparative study on the effects of storytelling and picture series techniques on the reading comprehension achievement of the pupils of St. Carolus Elementary School Surabaya - Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya Repository

A COMPARATIVESTUDY O.N THE EFTIECTSOF STORYTEI I ING
AND PICTURE SERIESTECHNIQUES ON THE READING
COMPRBHENSIONACHIEVEMENT OF THE PUPIIS OF
ST. CAROLUSELEMENTARY SCHOOL SURABAYA

A THESIS
fu Partiel Fulfitlrncnt of thc Rcquilcmentr
Fot the Serirne Dcglrccin
Engtirh Lengu.gt Tcaching Faculty

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By:
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UNTVENSITN KATOIJT \TIDYA MANDAIJ| SURABAYA
FAKITLTASIEGURUAI{ DAI{ IIJi'IU PENDIDIKAN
ruRUsAN PENDTDIXAhIBAr-IASADAr{ SENI
PROGRAMSTUDI PENDIDIKAN BAI.IASAINGGRIS

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APPROVAL SHEET
{ 1)
This thesis entitled A COMPARATTVESTUDY ON TI{E EFFECTS OF
STORYTELLING AND

PICTURE SERIES TECHNIOTIES ON

READING COMPREI{ENSION ACHIEVEMENT OF THE

TI{E

PUPLS OF

ST. CAROLUSELEMENTARY SCHOOLSURABAYA preparedand submitted
by SANKY HADI GUNAWAN has beenapprovedand acceptedby the advisors
to be examinedby Boardof Examinersat the thesisexamination.

First advisor

+

Secondadvisor

w

M. Pd.
Dr. ljahjaning T. Surjosuseno,

APPROVAL SIIEET
(2)

This thesis has been examined by the committee on Oral examination with a
grade of

on

I lne ?5 ?0o4

Prof.Dr. VeronicaL. Diptoadi.M. Sc.
Chairman

RosaliaInekkeGunawan.S. Pd.
Member

T. Sunosuseno
Member

TeacherTrainingCollege

1l

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, the writer wourd like to thank God because
He has herpedhim to

write and finish this thesis.He also would like to express
his gratitudeand
appreciation
to:
1' Thewriter's parentsandfamily who havegiventheir great
supports,helps,
andprayersthroughthe harddaysin finishingthis thesis.
2. Dr. AgustinusNgadiman,the writer,s first advisor,who
has guidedand
encouraged
the writer in carryingout this study,and has willingly spent
his valuabletime helpingthe writer in accomprishing
this thesis.
J-

Dr. ljahjaning Tingastuti Su{osuseno,M. pd., the rvriter,s
second
advisor,who hasbeenkind in giving guidance,suggestionand advise
in
correctingandaccomplishing

this thesis.

A
..t.

The principaland the Englishteacherof St. carolus ElementarySchool
Surabay4rvhohavepermittedthe ru'iter to carry out the experiments.

5 . All of the pupils of St. carorus Elementary School participation,
understanding,
respectandkindnessthatreally supportedhim a lot, during
the rwiter wascarryingout the experiment.
6 . All of the rvriter's friends,rvho havegiven supportand help so that the

qriter cansucceed
in conducting
histhesis.
Finally, The writer also thanks to those u,hosenamescannot be mentjonedone
by one but rvhose supports and helps are not the least to make this thesis
completedin its presentform.

The Writer

l

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
TITLE OF THE THESIS
APPROVALSHEET(l)
APPROVALSHEET(2)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF APPENDDGS
LISTOFTABLES

.... viii

ABSTRACT

.............rx

C I { A P T E R II:N T R O D U C T I O N

...............1

1.1Background
ofthe Studv
1 .2S ta te meonftth eP roblem

...........1
...............3

1.3Objectiveof the Study
1.4Sigrificanrof rhe Study
1.5TheScopeandLimitationof theStudy
l.6Assumptions

.........4
..............4

1.7TheDefinitions
of KeyTerms

.. . . ...5

1 . 8T h e o r e t i cFar la m e r v o r k

........,......o

1 .9R e se a rch
Me th o d

..... . . ......7

l . l 0 O r g a n i z a t i o nt hoef T h e s i s

... .. ........7

lv

CI{APTERII : REVIEWOF RELATEDLITERATURE
2.I TheoreticalFramework

... ... ... ... ....g
.. . ... .9

2 .l . l R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n

................9

2 .1 .2S ch e maTtah eor y

......12

2.1.2.1
TheCharacteristics
of Schem4ta

.......l3

2.12.2TheFunctions
of Schemata

......14

2 .1 .2 .3
T h eT y pesof Schem ata

......15

2 .1 .3S to ryte l l i n g

.

2 . 1 . 3 . 1 T hSet o r y t e l l e r
2 1 3 . 2B o d y L a n g u a .g. e. . . . , , . . . . .

.......15
.......,........16
..........1g

2 I 3 . 3T h eA d v a n t a goef sS t o r y t e l l i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9
2 .l . 4 P i c t u r e s e r i e s a s V i s u a l A i d s

................20

pictureseries... ... ....... ...21
2.1.4.1TheCriteriaof Selecting
2 1.4.2Pictureseriesin Teaching
of Reading
2.2Previous
Studies

.......22
.......27

2.2.1TheLibraryStudies

.......27

2.2.2TheResearch
Studies

.......2g

CHAPTER
III :R E S E A R C H ME THODOLOGY
3.1 Research
Design

...............30
30

3.2 Populationand samples
3.3 The Treatments

1
J

3.5Hypothesis

J

3.6Instrument
for CollectingtheData
3 .T T h e Qu a l i tyo ftheInstr um ent......
3 .7 .1T h e V a l i d i tyofthelnstr um ent......

......34
.........35
.........35

3.7.2 Tlte Reliabilityof the Insrrumenr

... ...37

3.7.3Usabiliryof rheInstrument

......3g

3.8ItemAnalysis

.....40

3 . 8 . lI t e m D i f f i c u l t y

...............40

3 .8 .2Ite mD i scri mination...

............41

3,9 The ScoringTechnique
3 .l 0 P ro ce d u re so
C of l lectingtheData
3.11 DataAnalysisTechniques

...............43
..45

CHAPTERVI : ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONoF
THEFINDINGS
4.I Analysisof theFindings

......48
. ..

4.2Interpretation
of theFindings

C H A P T E R V :C ON C L U S ION ANDSUGGESTTONS
...

...... . .....49
......4g

.... .......51

5 . 1C o n c l u s i o n. . .

. . .. . . . . . .5. 1

5.2Suggestions

. . ......52

i l I For the EnglishTeachers

5 .2 .2 F oth
r e F u rth er Resear cher s
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPI]NDIXES

..52
......... ....53

LIST OFAPPENDIXES

APPENDD(I

Try-out test Materials

APPENDD(Ii

Pre-testandPost-testMaterials

APPENDTKIII

LessonPlanfor theExperimentalGroup

APPENDTXIV

LessonPlanfor the ControlGroup

APPENDIXV

Tables

APPENDD(VI

Testof Hypothesis

APPENDTXVII

SomePupils'Worksheet

\'t I

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE I

TheCalculationfor Reliabilityof theReading
Comprehension
Test

TABLE II

TheCalculationof Item Difficulty andItem
Discrimination

TABLE III

The Scoreof ClassA

TABLE IV

The ScoreofClassB

TABLE V

Cntical Value

\jI| t

ABSTRACT
Gunawan,SankyHadi, 2004.A comparativestudy on the Efects of storyteiling
and Picture series Techniqueson TheReadiig CompreliensioiA"hi"u"*rn,
o! rhe Pupils of st. Carorus Erementarysihoor- surabayo. unpubtistreo
]hesis English Department of widya Mandara catholic university,
Surabaya.
Keywords:Storytelling,ReadingComprehension,
ElementarySchool.
skills that the EFL pupilshaveto
- In languagelearning,therearefour ranguage
tggn'.ttr9vare:Speaking.Listening,writing, and Reading.gach of the language
skills is important,includingreading.However,therearemanyproblemsracio uy
pupils in comprehending
their readingtexts.As a result,they'becomereluctant
andlessmotivatedto read.
_Husbands(1961:51)statesthat storytcllingcan be usedto solvethe problems
of r"ading comprehension.
It motivatespupils in leaming English especially
leaminga readingcomprehension.
This techniquewill help u't"u"l"r to breakthe
routineactivities,avoidthe boredoms,andarisethe pupils;motivationsaswell as
att-ractthem to participatein the classroomactivities.Furthermore,Husbands
(1961.45)statesthat picturesmay furnishvaluablecluesto the storv6v showrns
the characters
in actionandby indicatingthe plot of the story. A storytellingani
pictureseriesplay an importantrole for the successofteachingJearningreading
comprehension.
Besidesstorytellingandpictureseriesfacilitatepupilsin tearnin!
process,encouragethe pupils' participationand increasetheir motivation.This
experimentalstudy was then to make a comparativestudy on the effects of
storytellingandpictureseriestechniqueson pupils' readingcomprehension
of St.
CarolusElementarySchoolSurabaya.
The subjectsof this studywere the sixth yearpupils of St. carolus Elementary
School Surabayawho belongedto class A (which u'as the Experimentalgoup)
and class B (which was the control goup). Meanwhile,classc is usedas the
Pilot group.
During the research, these groups were given different treatments. The
experimentalgroupwastaughtreadingusingstorytellingtechniquewhere-asthe
control group \\as taught reading using picture series technique.As for the
materialsand the readingcomprehension
exercisesfoliorvingthem sere exactly
thesame,
ln order to tind out the ettect of the storytellingtechniqueto teachreading
comprehension
for elementaryschoolpupils, the writer used a set of reading
comprehension
testwhich consistedof ten items.This setof testwasadministered
trvice,the pre-test,rvhichrvasgivenbeforethe treatmentand the post-test\\,hich
wasgivenafterthe treatment.
The scoresobtainedby the pupiisin the post-testand pre-testlverecompared
andthenanalysedusingthe t-test.The purposervasto seervhetherthe effectsof
storytellingtechniquegave different positive effects on the pupils' reading
comorehension.

lx

The result of this study was that teaching reading comprehensionthrough
storytelling technique was more effective in improving the pupils' readiig
comprehension
achievementbetter than picture seriestechniqui,-becausethe
result ofthis studypointed out that there was signifrcantdifferencesbetweenthe
pupils taught using storytelling techniqueand using picture seriestechniquein
their readingcomprehension
achievement.