98
does in direct way by using imperative sentence in high tone and does not attempt to minimize the threat on hearer’s face. This strategy is used by the speaker when
maximum efficiency is more important and usually is known by both speaker and the hearer. There were 67 utterances which were employed by using positive
politeness strategy Brown Levinson, 1987, p. 103-129. This strategy provides an attempt to minimize th
e damage to the hearer’s face so that they are used to make the hearer feel good about himself and his possessions. In this strategy,
there are 15 sub strategies. There were 56 utterances which were employed by using negative politeness strategy Brown Levinson, 1987, p. 132-211. This
strategy presumes that the speaker will be imposing on the listener. In this strategy, there are 10 sub strategies. There were 14 utterances which were
employed by using off record strategy Brown Levinson, 1987, p. 211-227. This strategy is likely to call as an indirect strategy. It indicates that if the speakers
want to avoid their responsibility of doing FTAs, they can employ the strategy and let the addressees interpret and the intended message. There are 15 sub strategies
in the off record strategy.
B. Implications
English subject is one of subjects that must be taught as a compulsory subject at school. Teachers play important role to teach the materials contained in
the English subject. Therefore, as English teachers in the future, they are important not only to teach the four standards of competence or the four language
skills listening, reading, speaking, and writing but also the ethical values
99
contained in that four language skills. It implies that the teaching and learning English, especially in speaking skills, should be taught not only in the cognitive
skills, but also in the affective skills as well. The education of the affective skills is regarding how language-speaking politely, considering the value of tolerance,
sympathy, and empathy. Implementing politeness in the process of teaching English speaking skills
is important. The teachers can use some general topics which is dealing with politeness expressions. The topics or the teaching materials can be:
1. Asking, giving, and refusing opinion 2. Asking, giving, and denying information
3. Asking, giving, and refusing service 4. Asking, giving, and rejecting the goods
The example of the teaching materials is “Asking, giving, and refusing opinion”,
which have some expressions learned by students, such as:
Asking opinions Responding opinions
What do you think about his performance?
What do you think if we go to the beach tomorrow?
Do you mind if I move your car near the park?
May I come to your house tonight? Sorry, I can’t say anything.
I think it’s very nice, but I’m sorry I can’t. Sure, with pleasure.
Sorry, I won’t be at home tonight.
According to Brown and Levinson 1983, politeness strategies are developed in order to save the hearers’ “face”. Face refers to the respect that an
individual has for him or herself, and maintaining that “self-esteem” in public or
100
in private situations. The speaker usually tries to avoid embarrassing the other person, or making them feel uncomfortable. There are four types of politeness
strategies, namely Bald on-Record, Negative Politeness, Positive Politeness, and Off-Record. Therefore, those four politeness strategies can be applied and
implemented during speaking activities in front of the class. As English teachers, they can use some teaching strategies which can get the students more active in
speaking class and accustomed in using polite language. They give some examples of politeness phrases by using interesting flashcards which can help the
students to remember the expressions. Alternatively, the teacher can notify their students on the use of politeness
strategies especially when they ask for something. The following example is in the examination situation when one of the students does not get her or his answer
sheet and asks the teacher to give it to her or him. Instead of saying , “I haven’t got
the answer sheet”, the student can employ Negative Politeness strategy and say,
“Could I get an answer sheet, please?” As English students, they must be aware of using good manners in a conversational context of situation. Unfortunately, some
teachers seem unaware about this problem which it was not his or her job to teach politeness in teaching and learning process in classroom. They assume that their
student are adults. However, applying Bald on-Record, Negative Politeness, Positive
Politeness, and Off-Record strategy during a teaching and learning process in the classroom can positively be a wake-up call for the students. Teachers can say
indirect way and use “please” when giving directions, “Could you please open the
