D. Translation process
In translating the text of course there are some processes that the translator has to do to make the translation appropriate with the original text.
According to Larson, when translating a text, the translators goal is an idiomatic translation which makes every effort to communicate their meaning
of the SL text into the natural forms of the receptor language. Furthermore, he states that translation is concerned with the study of the lexicon, grammatical
structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the SL text, which is analyzed in order to determine its meaning. The discovered meaning is then
re-expressed or reconstructed using the lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context. Larson
simply presents the diagram of the translation process, as follows
Source: Choliludin, The Technique of Making Idiomatic Translation
Receptor Language Source Language
Translation
Re-express the meaning Text to be translated
Discover the meaning
MEANING
The forms of text to be translated and the translation results are shown by the different forms between square and triangle. They describe that in
translation the text, the forms of the source language may be changed into appropriate forms of the receptor language in order to achieve the idiomatic
translation.
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E. Translation Shifts Shifts mean departures from formal correspondence in the process of
going from the SL to the TL. J.C Catford categorized there are two major types of shifts occur.
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As follows: 1.
Level shifts. By a shift or level we mean that a SL item at one linguistic
level has a TL translation equivalent at a different level.
2. Category shift. The concept of category shift is necessary in the
discussion of translation; but it is clearly meaningless to talk about
category shift unless we assume some degree of formal correspondence between SL and TL. Category shift are categorized into four types, they
are: a.
Structure-shifts. These are amongst the most frequent category shifts at all rank in translation; they occur in phonological and graphological
translation as well as in total translation. b.
Class- shifts. Following Halliday, we define a class as that grouping of members of a given unit which is defined by operation in the structure
25
Choliludin 2005, op.cit, pp. 30-31
26
J.C. Catford 1965, op.cit. pp.73-80
of the unit next above. Class-shifts, then, occurs when the translation equivalent of a SL item is a member of a different class from the
original item. c.
Unit- shifts. By unit shifts we mean changes of rank- that is, departures from formal correspondence in which the translation equivalent of a
unit at one rank in the SL is a unit at a different rank in the TL. d.
Intra-system shifts. We use the term intra-system shifts for those cases where the shift occurs internally, within a system; that is, for those
cases where SL and TL possess system which approximately correspond formally as to their constitution, but when translation
involves selection of a non- corresponding term in the TL system.
F. Translating the literary work
Kategori