Observation Data from Test

P = Percentage F = Frequency of error made N = Number of cases total of frequency To figure out the learners’ errors in the usage of present perfect and present perfect continuous, the researcher classify the errors into three parts which are present perfect, present perfect continuous, and differentiating whether the sentence is present perfect or present perfect continuous. Then, it will be presented by three tables. The first table presents “the frequency of omission errors in using present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense ”, the second table presents “the frequency of addition errors in using present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense ”, and the last table presents “the frequency of misformations errors in using present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense ”. After the researcher got the frequency of errors in each part, he calculated it and put the data into the table of total of errors in the usage of present perfect and present perfect continuous. Moreover, to figure out the learners’ errors in the form of present perfect and present perfect continuous, the researcher focus on part A and part B in the test. He classified the errors based on the tested area; regular verb, hashave, and irregular verb. All of this will be presented by the table of “frequency of misformation errors in the form of present perfect and present perfect continuous ”. Finally, the total will be presented in the table of “total misformation errors in the form of present perfect and present perfect continuous ”. � = F N x 100 In addition, for further details of misformation errors in using present perfect and present perfect continuous, the descriptions will be presented in three different table; “the specific descriptions of misformation errors found in using present perfect tense ”, “the specific descriptions of misformation errors found in using present perfect continuous tense ”, and “the specific descriptions of misformation errors found in using either present perfect or present perfect continuous ”.