Data Description RESEARCH FINDING

12 5 Mr. Rama has been wering this T-Shirt for this morning. Omission of spelling a Mr. Rama has been wearing this T-Shirt for this morning. 13 1 They haven’t been studing an English Subject all day Omission of spelling y They haven’t been studying an English Subject all day 15 7 Have you been drivin my car to my grandmother’s house in Bali for two hours Omisson of spelling g Have you been driving my car to my grandmother’s house in Bali for two hours 16 1 Fitri has been movin to her a new apartment recently Omission of spelling g Fitri has been moving to her a new apartment recently 18 3 Anita has been witing some letters for two Omission of spelling r Anita has been writing some letters for two 21 3 Annisa has bougt a new flower for her garden for one hour Omission of spelling h Annisa has bought a new flower for her garden for one hour 24 2 Romina has been cring in the classroom since yesterday Omission of spelling y Romina has been crying in the classroom since yesterday Based on the table 4.2 above, the writer concludes that the most errors occurred in number 15 with 7 students made errors in that number. There are error in spelling, a,d, e, g, h, r, and y. For example error in spelling ,a My brother plyed a football for two hours. That is a wrong sentence because there is omission in spelling a [plyed]. It should be My brother played a football for two hours. Error in spelling d, I haven’t talke to him yet. That is a wrong sentence because there is omission in spelling d [talke]. It should be I haven’t talked to him yet. Error in spelling e, My brother playd That is a wrong sentence because there is omission in spelling e [playd]. It should be My brother played. Error in spelling g, Have you drivin my car to my grandma’s house in Bali for two hours. That is a wrong sentence because there is omission in spelling g [drivin]. It should be Have you driving my car to my grandma’s house in Bali for two hours. Error in spelling h, Romina has brougt a new book in the school since yesterday. That is a wrong sentence because there is omission in spelling h [brougt]. It should be Romina has brought a new book in the school since yesterday. Error in spelling r, Annisa has been witing some letters for two hours. That is a wrong sentence because there is omission in spelling r [witing]. It should be Annisa has been witing some letters for two hours. Error in spelling y, Romina has been cring in the classroom, since yesterday. That is a wrong sentence because there is omission in spelling y [cring]. It should be Romina has been crying in the classroom, since yesterday.. Almost students make an error because of teaching materials or method. The writer found some errors that considered as the result of the failure of ineffective of teaching process. These errors might happen because of teaching process. May the student just listened what the teacher said, however they didn’t know how to spell it in the correct verb. Table 4.3 Description of Students’ Error in Addition in using present perfect and present perfect continuous tense. Item No Number of students Error Recognition Error Classificati on Error Reconstruction 3 2 “have you meted many people since you came here?” Addition of spelling ed “have you met many people since you came here?” 4 1 My brother has playeed a football for two hours. Addition of spelling e My brother has played a football for two hours. 5 1 How long haved you been speaking with our lecturer Addition of spelling d How long have you been speaking with our lecturer 8 1 My mother hased been cooking an omelet in the kitchen Addition of spelling d My mother has been cooking an omelet in the kitchen 9 4 Romina has broughted a new book in the school since yesterday. Addition of spelling ed Romina has brought a new book in the school since yesterday. 11 3 How long having you been speaking with our lecturer Addition of spelling ing How long have you been speaking with our lecturer 14 3 My mother hasing been cooking an omelet in the kitchen Addition of spelling ing My mother has been cooking an omelet in the kitchen 17 4 Zahra hasing been here for two hours. Addition of spelling ing Zahra has been here for two hours. 19 2 He has listeening to Beethoven’s music for three days Addition of spelling e He has listened to Beethoven’s music for three days 21 3 Annisa has boughted new flower for her garden for one hour Addition of spelling h Annisa has bought new flower for her garden for one hour 22 1 She has been teacheing in this school for two hours. Addition of spelling e She has been teaching in this school for two hours. Based on the table 4.3 above, the most errors occurred in number 9 and 17 with 4 students made errors in that number. There are error in spelling e, d, ed, and ing. For the example. For example error in spelling ,e My brother has playeed a football for two hours. That is a wrong sentence because there is addition in spelling a [playeed]. It should be My brother played a football for two hours. Error in spelling ,d My mother hased been cooking an omelet in the kitchen. That is a wrong sentence because there is addition in spelling d [playeed]. Error in spelling ,ed Annisa has broughted new flower for her garden for one hour. That is a wrong sentence because there is addition in spelling d [broughted]It should be Annisa has brought new flower for her garden for one hour. Error in spelling ,ing Zahra hasing been here for two hours. That is a wrong sentence because there is addition in spelling d [hasing]It should be Zahra has been here for two hours. It happened because the students might face difficulties whether the irregular form of that verb should be brought not by adding ed, because it is irregular verb not regular verb. In number 17, the students make an error because they overgeneralization the form of present perfect continuous. Table 4.4 Description of Students’ Error in Misformation in using present perfect and present perfect continuous tense. Item No Number of students Error Recognition Error Classification Error Reconstruction 1 2 Rini has watchs the Raid movie for two hours. Misformation Rini has watched the Raid movie for two hours. 7 Rini has watches the Raid movie for two hours. 2 8 My kite have flown high on the sky for three hours Misformation My kite has flown high on the sky for three hours 3 3 “have you meeted many Misformation “have you met many people since people since you came here?” you came here?” 6 “have you meted many people since you came here?” 4 2 My brother has plays football for two hours. Misformation My brother has played football for two hours. 2 My brother has playing football for two hours. 5 7 We has studied an English subject for two hours in the class Misformation We have studied an English subject for two hours in the class 6 26 Amran has singed wonderful song for his mother in mother’s day since yesterday Misformation Amran has sung wonderful song for his mother in mother’s day since yesterday 9 18 Romina has bringed a new book in the school since yesterday Misformation Romina has brought a new book in the school since yesterday 10 2 I have been go to the Ragunan Zoo for two times Misformation I have been going to the Ragunan Zoo for two times 11 5 How long has you been speaking with our lecturer Misformation How long has you been speaking with our lecturer 13 4 They haven’t been studied an English Subject all day Misformation They haven’t been studying an English Subject all day 14 5 My mother have been cooking an omelet all day Misformation My mother has been cooking an omelet all day 17 8 Zahra have been here for two hours Misformation Zahra has been here for two hours 20 1 She have been here since yesterday Misformation She has here since yesterday 21 23 Annisa has buyed new flower for her garden for one hour. Misformation Annisa has bought new flower for her garden for one hour. 23 5 My mother hasing been visiting her new friend’s home recently. Misformation My mother has been visiting her new friend’s home recently 24 5 Romina has been cried in the classroom since yesterday Misformation Romina has been crying in the classroom since yesterday Based on the table 4.3 above, the most errors occurred in number 6 with 26 students made errors in that number. First , student committed errors in irregular verb, such as Amran has singed wonderful song for his mother in mother’s day since yesterday Romina has bringed a new book in the school since yesterday Annisa has buyed new flower for her garden for one hour. The student put –ed in the end of the words without considering the rules in changing to irregular form; it means that the student overgeneralization in forming plural noun with adding –ed. For [sing], the verb irregular must be changed [sung]. The words sing, bring and buy are irregular verb. In present perfect and present perfect continuous tense, the verb must be changed into past participle verb. For irregular verb has its own rule for being changed into past participle verb. It might happen because the students did not know the rules in changing to irregular verb, so they just added –ed make irregular verb the irregular form of sing should be sung, not singed Table 4.5 The Recapitulation of Error Types No Error types Frequency of Errors Percentage of Errors 1 Misformation 139 71.28 2 Omission 31 15.89 3 Addition 25 12.82 TOTAL 195 100 Based on the table above, it could be described that the errors in misformation was the most frequent errors which the students committed 139 errors or 71.28. It is followed by errors in omission that consisted of 31 errors or15.89. The last is errors in addition with 25 errors or 12.82. Then, the frequency and the percentage of error causes were described into table as follow: Since the most error caused by misformation, the writer would described the table of misformation made by the student in using present perfect and present perfect continuous tense. Table 4.6 Frequency of Misformation Errors in the Form of Present Perfect Tense and Present Perfect Continuous Tense. No Tested Area Item Number Frequency of Error 1 Regular Verb 1 9 4 8 7 1 10 2 13 5 16 1 19 2 22 1 Total 29 2 HasHave 2 8 5 8 8 1 11 8 14 8 17 12 20 1 23 5 Total 51 3 Irregular Verb 3 8 6 26 9 27 12 5 15 7 18 3 21 29 24 7 Total 115 Table 4.7 Total of Misformation Errors in the Form of Present Perfect Tense and Present Perfect Continuous Tense. No Tested Area Frequency of errors Percentages of Errors 1 Regular Verb 29 14.87 2 HasHave 51 26.15 3 Irregular Verb 116 59.48 Total 195 100 From the table above, the researcher found out that the most frequent error students created was irregular verb shown by 116 errors or 59.48 made. Pursuing it is hashave form with 51 errors or 26.15. And then, there is regular verb with 29 errors or 14.87.

B. Discussion

Based on the table above, it could be described that the errors in misformation was the most frequent errors which the students committed 139 errors or 71.28. It is followed by errors in omission that consisted of 31 errors or15.89. The last is errors in addition with 25 errors or 12.82.

1. Types of Students’s Error

Here is the table which shows the total of students’ errors from the test: Table 4.8 The Recapitulation of the Students’ Error Stude nts Omission 19 students Addition 22 students Misformation 30 students Misordering Total of Errors 1 2 1 6 - 9 2 - 2 5 - 7 3 1 1 3 - 5 4 1 - 4 - 5 5 - 1 4 - 5 6 2 1 4 - 7 7 1 2 5 - 8 8 2 1 5 - 8 9 - 1 5 - 6 10 2 - 8 - 10 11 - 1 3 - 4 12 2 1 5 - 8 13 - 2 2 - 4 14 2 1 5 - 8 15 1 1 8 - 10 16 2 1 8 - 11 17 - - 4 - 4 18 2 2 6 - 10 19 - 1 3 - 4 20 2 1 4 - 7 21 - - 4 - 4 Stude nts Omission 19 students Addition 22 students Misformation 30 students Misordering Total of Errors 22 2 1 4 - 7 23 - - 2 - 2 24 1 1 6 - 8 25 - - 4 - 4 26 2 1 9 - 12 27 1 1 2 - 4 28 - - 3 - 3 29 1 - 4 - 5 30 2 1 4 - 7 Total 31 25 139 - 195 From the table above, it could be described that student number 23 made minimum errors with 2 errors, and student number 26 made maximum errors with 12 errors. Also, based on the table, the writer found that there were three types of error made by second grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah 17 Ciputat; they are omission, addition, and misformation. The total of all errors made by the students are errors; they are 31 in omission, 25 in addition, and 139 in misformation. a Misformation All students made errors in misformation, and it is the most type of errors students made. The total errors made by the students are139 or 71.28. It might happen because students face difficulties in forming present perfect tense. They did not know the rules, so they made those errors. First, students committed errors in irregular verb, such as Amran has singed wonderful song for his mother in mother’s day since yesterday Romina has bringed a new book in the school since yesterday and Annisa has buyed new flower for her garden for one hour. The students put -ed in the end of the words without considering the rules in changing to irregular form; it means that the students overgeneralized in forming plural nouns with adding -ed. For [sing], the verb is irregular verb, must be changed [sung], and for [bring], the verb is irregular verb, must be unchanged [brought]. The word sing, bring and buy are irregular verb. In present perfect and present perfect continuous, the verb must be changed into past participle verb. For irregular verb has its own rule for being changed into past participle verb. Second, misformation in using hashave, the students overgeneralized in forming hashave, such as in Zahra have been here for two hours, She have been here since yesterday, and My mother hasing been visiting her new friend’s home recently. The students using have for singular noun, it should be has for singular noun, such as shehe or the name of people like this sentence. The student still confused in using hashave in the sentence. They use has in plural noun and use have in singular noun. For the last sentence, the student over generalized in forming has in the present perfect continuous tense b Omission There are 19 students made errors in omission with total errors are 31 or 15.89. It happened because the students might fail to construct the verb, so there were omission in spelling d, ed, h, y, and g. There are error in spelling, a,d, e, g, h, r, and y. For example error in spelling ,a My brother plyed a football for two hours. That is a wrong sentence because there is omission in spelling a [plyed]. It should be My brother played a football for two hours. Error in spelling d, I haven’t talke to him yet. That is a wrong sentence because there is omission in spelling d [talke]. It should be I haven’t talked to him yet. Error in spelling e, My brother playd That is a wrong sentence because there is omission in spelling e [playd]. It should be My brother played. Error in spelling g, Have you drivin my car to my grandma’s house in Bali for two hours. That is a wrong