44 as possible about their needs. The interview involved the eighth grade student’s
English teacher of SMP N 2 Ponjong. The interviewee was expected to give as much information as needed. Library study was also conducted to find some
sources which were related to the study.
2. Preliminary Field Testing Instrument and Data Gathering Techniques
The instruments used in the preliminary field testing were closed and open questionnaires. The closed questionnaires were intended to obtain the opinions
and comments on the materials design. The open questionnaires aimed to gain the feedback and evaluations to the materials design.
The questionnaires were distributed to three English lectures of Sanata Dharma University. The purpose of distributing questionnaires was to obtain as
much as feedback and suggestions. The results of the questionnaires were used to revise and improve the designed materials.
E. Data Analysis Techniques
This section discussed the techniques of analyzing the data. There are two parts in this section: research and information collecting data analysis technique,
and preliminary filed-testing data analysis technique. The data analysis techniques are explained as follows:
1. Research and Information Collecting Data Analysis Techniques
After distributing the questionnaires to the students and interviewing the teacher, the data were gathered and analyzed. The data were analyzed and
45 concluded used a particular formula. The following is the formula that used to
calculate the data:
X = mean
∑ n = the number of the students who have the same answers N
= the total number of the students
2. Preliminary Field Testing Data Analysis Techniques
This section is divided into two parts. First, the participants’ opinions and comments were summarized and concluded in the statistics form. Second, the
participants’ feedback and evaluations on the materials design were explained in the descriptive form. The post design data analysis techniques were described as
follows: a
The statistic description of the participants’ opinions and comments The questionnaires were shown in the column and raw data. A formula
was used to analyze the data. The following is the explanation of the formula:
X = mean
∑ n = the participants’ answers N = the total number of the participants
=
∑
100
=
∑
100
46 b
The descriptive form of the participants’ feedback and evaluations After getting feedback and evaluations from the participants, the data were
analyzed. The data were reported and interpreted in sentences. The data gathered were used to improve the final product.
F. Research Procedures
In this section, the stages taken in conducting this study were summarized. The writer employed eighth stages in conducting this study. Those stages are
summarized as follows: 1.
Asking permission for conducting the research 2.
Collecting the information 3.
Listing the competencies standard, the basic competence and determining the topics
4. Formulating the indicators
5. Selecting the teaching learning strategies
6. Designing the materials
7. Evaluating the materials
8. Revising the materials
