Setting Data Analysis Technique

1. Respondents of Needs Survey

The respondents were the first grade students of SMA N 1 Klaten and the English teachers in SMA N 1 Klaten. The writer needed to gain information on the students’ and teachers’ opinion of the material so far and their expectations in the new materials. It was aimed to have a clear description of the on going process of learning and the students’ needs towards the English materials.

2. Respondents of the Evaluation of the Designed Materials

The respondents of the survey research on the designed materials were the English teachers in SMA N 1 Klaten. Teachers happened to be people who would conduct the materials in class and the people who know the students ability in English.

C. Setting

This study was conducted in SMA N 1 Klaten. The distribution of the questionnaire was carried out in the odd semester in the year of 20072008. It was continued with conducting interview to selected tenth grade students of SMA N 1 Klaten on even semester of 20092010. The interview was also carried out with tenth grade English teacher of SMA N 1 Klaten. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

D. Research Instruments

1. Need Analysis

In this need analysis stage, the writer used interview and questionnaire as the instrument in collecting information.

a. Interview

This instrument enables the writer to explore more the answer of the respondents, in this case the English teachers in SMA N 1 Klaten. The interview was done in order to get information about the existing materials, the classroom activities, the tasks and assignments, the syllabus, and the curriculum. The interview was delivered to the English teachers in SMA N 1 Klaten, in which the teachers knew the ability of the students and the students need in learning English so the materials designed will be more effective and efficient for the learners. The interview was also delivered to selected tenth grade students of SMA N 1 Klaten to gain their perception on learning English, their difficulties and their interests in reading.

b. Questionnaire

A questionnaire is a printed form for data collection, which contains statements for subjects to respond Seliger and Schohamy, 1989:72. The questionnaires in the pre-design survey were distributed to the first grade students in SMA N 1 Klaten. The respondents of this survey were selected randomly. The questionnaire for the students contains two sections. The first section established the respondents’ profile, age, gender, and family background. The second part required the respondents of hisher agreement on the statements about the target learning needs. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

2. Evaluation of the designed materials

In the evaluation of the designed materials stage, the writer distributed questionnaire to the tenth grade English teachers of SMA N 1 Klaten. The questionnaire given to the English teachers in SMA N 1 Klaten contains three sections. The first one established the respondents’ identity, and English language teaching experiences. The next section made use of Likert- type items, which demanded the respondents to rate the degree of agreements on the statements related to the designed materials. The third section, the respondents were requested to give his or her comment, opinions, suggestions and criticism on the designed materials.

E. Data Gathering Technique

The process in the data gathering was divided into two parts, namely pre- design data and post-design data. 1. Pre-design data The questionnaires for the target need analysis were distributed to the selected First Grade Students in SMA N 1 Klaten in order to get basic information on the teaching and learning English there. It was continued then with conducted interview with selected tenth grade students of SMA N 1 Klaten. The writer went to the field and conducts the survey herself. The interview was done informally with the tenth grade English teacher in SMA N 1 Klaten.

2. Evaluation of the designed materials data

The questionnaires for revising the designed materials were distributed to the English teachers in SMA N 1 Klaten. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

F. Data Analysis Technique

The data analysis was conducted after the writer gets the complete data from the questionnaires and interview. The data from the questionnaires given to the students and interview to the English teachers of SMA N 1 Klaten in the pre- design survey were summarized into some points. The scores of the questionnaires were calculated using descriptive statistics based on Likert scale source: mean, median and mode to measure the opinions given by the respondent, the writer use four - point agreement. 1 = Strongly disagree with the statement 2 = Disagree with statement 3 = Agree with the statement 4 = Strongly agree with the statement The writer applied the central tendency to measure whether or not the designed materials were appropriate for the target learners. The central tendency was useful to compute the average score, to find out the most frequent score and the mid-point score of the answer given by the respondents on the questionnaires. The table of the descriptive statistic of the respondents’ opinions on the statement likes the following: Table 3.1 The Description of Respondents’ Opinion on the Designed Materials No Respondents’ Opinion on Central Tendency N Mn Mdn M PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI The data also contained the respondents’ suggestion, comments and criticism. The feedback from the teachers served as the supporting ingredients to revise the designed materials. The formula to measure the central tendency is: N X M   M = Mean Σ = the sum of the score X = the raw score N = the number of the score

G. Research Procedure