v
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstract i
Abstrak ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Content v
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x
List of Abbreviations xiii
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 Background
1 1.2
Problem Statement 4
1.3 Objective of Study
6 1.4
Scope of Study 6
1.5 Project Outline
6
2.0 LITERARTURE REVIEW
8
2.1 Background of Printed Circuit Board PCB
8 2.1.1 PCB History
10 2.1.2 PCB Warpage
11 2.2
Workholding - Jigs and Fixtures 12
2.2.1 Principles of Workholding 13
2.2.1.1 Locating 13
2.2.1.2 Clamping 16
2.3 Fixtures
18 2.3.1 Fixture Configurations
19 2.3.2 Fixture Design Process
20 2.4
Modular Fixture 21
2.4.1 Modular Fixture System 23
2.4.1.1 T-slot-based Modular Fixtures 23
vi 2.4.1.2 Dowel-Pin-Based Modular Fixtures
24 2.4.1.3 Comparison between T-slot based and Dowel-pin based
26 2.5
PCB Routing 28
2.5.1 Pin Routing 28
2.5.2 CNC Routing Applications 29
2.5.3 CNC Operations 30
2.5.4 Mechanical Routing with CNC Equipment 31
2.5.5 Summarizing of PCB Routing 34
2.6 PCB Depanelize
35 2.6.1 PCB Strain Analysis
36 2.6.2 BGA Assembly Strain Measurement
39
3.0 METHODOLOGY
41
3.1 Introduction
41 3.2
Project Planning 41
3.2.1 Statement of Work Gantt chart 42
3.3 Project Flow
44 3.3.1 Identify Problem and Defining of Project Objectives and Scope
45 3.3.2 Literature Review and Existing Method
45 3.3.3 PCB Modular Fixture Design
46 3.3.4 Experimental Analysis, Simulation and Verification
46 3.3.5 Discussion and Conclusion
47 3.4
Gathering Information 48
3.4.1 Online Articles and Journals 48
3.4.2 Reference Books 48
3.4.3 Video Presentation 49
3.5 Design and Analysis Tools
49
4.0 RESULT AND ANALYSIS
50
4.1 PCB Used
50 4.2
Cutting Area 51
4.3 Routing Machine
52 4.4
Fixture Design 54
4.4.1 Conceptual Design 54
vii 4.4.2 Fixture Components
56 4.4.2.1 Dowel Pin Base
56 4.4.2.2 Sliding Base
57 4.4.2.3 Supporter
59 4.4.2.4 Vacuum Pad
59 4.4.2.5 Locating Pin
60 4.4.2.6 Jamming Analysis
61 4.5
PCB Cutting Preparation 63
4.5.1 PCB Loading and Unloading 64
4.5.2 Holding and Gripping Process 65
4.5.3 Strain Gauge Connection 66
4.6 PCB Cutting Analysis
67 4.6.1 Strain Gauge Point
68 4.6.2 Locating Pin and Supporter Position
68 4.6.3 PCB Cutting Parameter
72 4.6.4 The Output
74 4.6.5 Strain Analysis
75 4.7
Final Position and Location 82
5.0 DISCUSSION
