Conversational analysis CA Theoretical Description

23 c. Key Key connotes the atmosphere of a speech event, which can be realized by verbal and non-verbal cues, or possibly by combinations of these Coulthard, 1985, pp. 48-49. In the different term, Halliday and Hasan 1983, pp. 38-39 explains that key or a tone in which a communicative act is done refers to the mood feeling, condition, and attitude of the communicator in conversation. Key affects and produces the meaning of massage. d. Purpose Purpose refers to the final outcome of a lesson, or ‘speech event’, which is achieved through the completion of smaller individual goals, termed ‘speech acts’ Brazil, 1995, p. 120; Gumperz Hymes, 1972, p. 61. e. Setting Setting is defined as ‘the time and place of a speech event and, in general, to the phys ical circumstances’ Gumperz Hymes, 1972a, p. 60. f. Channel Hymes 1972a, p. 63 defines channel as the ‘choice of oral, written, telegraphic, semaphore, or other medium of transmission of speech’. g. Message form Message form relates to the notions of negative and positive face and the utilization of negative and positive politeness strategies to preserve ‘the public 24 self-image that every member wants to claim for himself or herself Brown Levinson, 1987, p. 61.

6. Adjacency Pair

Adjacency pair is two successive utterances by different speakers, where the second is of a type required or expected by the first The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics, 1997. The example is a question followed by an answer; a greeting followed by a greeting in return. Adjacency pair is a part of conversational analysis. It refers to “conversational sequences” in which an utterance by one speaker depends upon an utterance made by another speaker. It is a sequence of two related utterances by two different speakers. The second utterance is always response to the first. While Cook 1997, p. 1 said adjacency pair is a pair of discourse moves that often go together, e.g. question and answer. According to Pridharm 2001, p. 26 the definition of adjacency pair is pairs of utterances that usually occur together. Schegloff and Sacks in Stephen C. Levinson 1983 have described about adjacency pair: … the adjacency pair: a sequence of two utterances, which are adjacent, produced by different speakers, ordered as a first part and a second part, typed, so that a particular requires a particular second or range of second parts – e.g. question-answer, offer require acceptances or rejections, greetings require greetings, summons leads to answer p. 303. It shows that they arranged special characterization for adjacency pair. The first is that an adjacency pair must have at least two utterances which is the