Pengaruh Penambahan Nanokristal Selulosa Tandan Kosong Sawit (Elaeis guineens Jack) Terhadap Morfologi dan Sifat Mekanik Produk Lateks Karet Alam
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Almatsier, S. 2003. Prinsip – Prinsip Dasar Ilmu Gizi. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka
Utama.
Azizi, S., Alloin, F., Paillet, M., dan Dufresne, A. 2004. Tangling effectin fibrillated
cellulose reinforced nanocomposite. Macromolecules (37): 4313-4316.
Barlow, F.W. 1993. Rubber Compounding. New York : Marcel Dekker Inc
Bathnagar, S. M. 2004. Polymers (Chemistry and Technology of Polymers). Volume
2. New Delhi: S.Chand & Company LTD.
Benavides, E.E.2011. Cellulose Nanocrystals Properties and Applications in
Renewable Nanocomposite. [Dissertation]. South Carolina: Clemson
University Doctor of Philoshopy
Blackley, D.C. 1997. Polymer Latices, Science and Technologie, 2 nd ed.
Dordrecht, Netherland : Kluwer Academic.
Brass,J., Hassan, M.L,. Bruzesse,C and Hassan, E.A. 2010. Mechanical, Barrier
and Biodegradability Properties of Bagasse Cellulose Whiskers Reinforced
Natural Rubber Nanokomposite. Industrial Corp and Products 32 (2010) 627633.
Damat. 1989. Isolasi Lignin dari Larutan Sisa Pemasakan Pabrik Pulp dengan
Menggunakan H2SO4 dan HCl. Bogor: Institut Teknologi Bogor.
Darnoko. 1992. Potensi Pemanfaatan Limbah Lignoselulosa Kelapa Sawit
Melalui Biokonversi. Berita penelitian perkebunan Vol 2 (2). Medan:
Puslitbun (RISPA).
Didit, H.S. 2005. Petunjuk Lengkap Budidaya Karet. Jakarta : Agromedia
Dufresne, A. 2010. Processing of Polymer Nanocomposite Reinforced with
Polysaccharide Nanocrystals. Journal of Molecules. 15: 4111-4128.
Eichhorn, S.J., Dufresne, A., Aranguren, M., Marcovich, N.E., Capadona, J.R.,
Rowan, S.J. 2010. Review: Current International Research into Cellulose
Nanofibres and Nanocomposites. Journal of material science, 45,1-33.
Espert, A.,Vilaplana, F.,Karlsson, S. 2004. Comparison of Water Absorption in
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Natural Cellulosic Fibres from Wood and Year Crops Polypropylene
Composite and Influence on Their Mechanical Properties. Composite Part A :
Applied Science
and Manufacturing 35 (3). 1267-1276
Fauzi, Y. 2012. Kelapa Sawit. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.
Fachry, A.R. 2012. Pengaruh Penambahan Filler Kaolin Terhadap Elastisitas dan
Kekerasan Produk dari Karet Alam (Hevea Brasiliensis). Jurnal.
Palembang : Universitas Sriwijaya
Gilligan, J. J. 1974. The Organic Chemicals Industries. New Jersey: Pretice-Hall.
Goutara, B. D., dan Tjiptadi, W. 1985. Dasar Pengolahan Karet, Angroindustri.
Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor Press.
Habibi, Y, Lucia, L.A. and Rojas, O.J. 2010. Cellulose Nanocrystal: Chemistry,
Self Assembly and Application. Chemical Review, 110 (6), 3479-3500.
Haghighat, M, Zadhoush, A. 2005. Physicomechanical properties of alpha cellulose
filled styrene-butadiene rubber composite. Journal of applied polymer
science 96 (6) 2203-2211
Hanafi, S. 2000. Pengisi dan Penguat Getah. Penang : Universiti Sains Malaysia
Harahap, H. 2010. Pemanfaatan Tepung Kulit Pisang sebagai Pengisi pada
Produk Lateks Karet Alam dengan Teknik Pencelupan. Laporan
Penelitian. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Kelingensmith, W.H. 1982. The Effect of Processing Aids in Rubber Compounds,
An Educational Symposium on Rubber Compounding. Chicago : Civision
ACS.
Kerdsuwan, S dan Laohalidanond., K. 2011. Renewable Energy from Palm Oil Empty
Fruit Bunch. Thailand: King Mongkut’s University of Technology North
Bangkok.
Khalid, M. 2006. Comparative Study of Polypropylene Composites Reinforced
with Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber and Oil Palm Derived Cellulose.
Science Direct. Malaysia: Universiti Putra Malaysia. 29(2008) 173-178.
Lawson, D. 2001. Introduction to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry.
USA: ThemoNicolet.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Leblanc, J.L. 2002. Rubber Filler Interction and Rheological Properties in Filled
Compound. Prog. Polym. Sci, 27: 627-687
Long, H. 1985. Basic Compounding and Processing of Rubber. Ohio : University
of Akron
Maya Jacob, J., & Sabu, T. 2008. Biofibres and biocomposites. Carbohydrate
Polymers 71, 343–364.
Moon, R. J., Martini, A., Nairn, J., Simonsen, J., & Younblood, J. 2011.
Cellulose nanomaterials review: Structure properties and nanocomposites.
Chemical Society Reviews, 40, 3941–3994.
Morton, M. 1959. Introduction to Rubber Technology. New York : Reinhold
Publising Corp.
Muthia, R. 2011. Peningkatan Kualitas Bio-Oil dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa
Sawit Menggunakan Metoda Fast Pyrolisis dengan Katalis Zeolit. Jakarta:
Universitas Indonesia. Fakultas Teknik.
Neto, F. 2013. Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals
from Agro-Industrial Residu-Soy Hull. Ind.Crops Prod. 42, 480-488.
Nijasure, A.M 1997. Vulcanization of Rubber. India : ICI India R&T Centre.
Nola, C,. and Robert, W. 2001. Activated Liquid Dithiocarbamate Acceleration.
Ohio R.T. Vanderbilt Company Inc.
Nurhakim, Y.I. 2014. Perkebunan Karet Skala Kecil Cepat Panen. Depok : Intra
Pustaka
Ompungsungu, M.,dan Darussamin, A. 1989. Pengetahuan Umum Latex. BPP Sei
Putih.
Ohwoavworhua, F. 2005. Phosphoric Acid-Mediated Depolymerisation and
Decrystallizationof α-Cellulose Obtained from Corn Cop : Preparation of
Low Crytallinity Cellulose and Some Physicochemical Properties. Tropical
Journalof Pharmaceutical Research. 4 (2): 509-516.
Ong, E.L., Lai, P., C. L., dan Ng, K.P. 1998. Standard Malaysian Glove Scheme
Technical Requitments. Malaysia Rubber Seminar, MRBs Malaysian
Economic and Technical Mission (Rubber) b Tehe Hon Primary Industries of
Malaysia to France, Germany and UK, for (25 Sept- 2 Oct 1998-KL)
Peng. B, L., Dhar, N., Liu. H, L and Tam. K,C. 2011. Chemistry And Applications
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Of Nanocrystalline Cellulose and Its Derivatives : A Nanotechnology
Perspective. Canada : The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. Vol. 89.
1191-1206.
Sankaranarayanan, P.E. 2005. Measurement of Dry Rubber Content in Latex
Using Microwave Technique. , Measuerement Science Review, Vol. 5,
Section 3.
Setyamidjaja, D. 1995. Karet Budidaya dan Pengolahan. Cetakan Kedua.
Yogyakarta:Kanisius.
Shinoj, S. 2011. Oil Palm Fiber (OPF) and Its Composites: A review. Industrial
Crops and Products (33): 7-22.
Silverstein, R. M., Bassler, G. C., and Morill, T. C. 1981. Spectrofotometric
Identification of Organic Compounds. New York : John Willey and Sons.
Siqueira, G., Bras, J., Dufresne, A. 2010. Cellulosic Bionanocomposite: A Review of
Preparation, Properties and Applications. Journal of Polymer. Vol 2:
728-765.
Sperling, L.H.1986. Introduction To Physical Polymer Science. New York : John
Wiley and Sons.
Stagg, R. 2004. Latex Techmology. London : John Wiley and sons Inc.
Stevens, M. P. 2001. Kimia Polimer. Jakarta : Pradnya Paramita.
Sumada, K., Tamara, P., Alqani, F. 2011. Isolation Study of Efficient α-Cellulose
From Waste Plant Stem Manihot Esculente Crants. Jurnal Teknik Kimia
Vol. 5, No.2.
Suparto, D. 2002. Pengetahuan Tentang Lateks Hevea. Kursus Barang Jadi
Lateks. Bogor: Balai Penelitian Teknologi Karet.
Sumaiyah., Wirjosentono, B., Karsono., Nasution,M.P. and Gea, S. 2014.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from
Sugar Palm Bunch (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.). Medan: International
Journal of PharmTech Research. Vol.6, No. 2, pp 814-820.
Sun, J. X., Sun, F. X., Zhao, H., Sun, R.C. 2004. Isolation and Characterization
of Cellulose from Sugarcane Bagasse. China: Polymer Degradation and
Stability. 84, 331-339.
Termal, A, Schlaller, R. Moctil M and Kern W. 2005. Determination of Residual
Vulcanization Accelerations in Natural Rubber Film Using FTIR
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Spectroscopy. Journalof Rubber Chemistry and Technology. 78 (1) :28-41.
Vontou, B., and Stefanaki, E.C. 2008. Electron Microscopy: The Basics Physics of
Advanced Materials. Greece: Winter School.
William J.H. 2008. Pyrolysis of Latex Glove in The Presence of Y-Zeolite. Journal
of Waste Management 29 (4) : 797-803
Widhiastuti, R. 2001. Pola Pemanfaatan Limbah Pabrik Pengolahan Kelapa
Sawit dalam Upaya Menghindari Pencemaran Lingkungan. Universitas
Sumatera Utara: Medan.
Wirjosentono, B. 1995. Analisis dan Karakterisasi Polimer. Medan : USU Press.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Almatsier, S. 2003. Prinsip – Prinsip Dasar Ilmu Gizi. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka
Utama.
Azizi, S., Alloin, F., Paillet, M., dan Dufresne, A. 2004. Tangling effectin fibrillated
cellulose reinforced nanocomposite. Macromolecules (37): 4313-4316.
Barlow, F.W. 1993. Rubber Compounding. New York : Marcel Dekker Inc
Bathnagar, S. M. 2004. Polymers (Chemistry and Technology of Polymers). Volume
2. New Delhi: S.Chand & Company LTD.
Benavides, E.E.2011. Cellulose Nanocrystals Properties and Applications in
Renewable Nanocomposite. [Dissertation]. South Carolina: Clemson
University Doctor of Philoshopy
Blackley, D.C. 1997. Polymer Latices, Science and Technologie, 2 nd ed.
Dordrecht, Netherland : Kluwer Academic.
Brass,J., Hassan, M.L,. Bruzesse,C and Hassan, E.A. 2010. Mechanical, Barrier
and Biodegradability Properties of Bagasse Cellulose Whiskers Reinforced
Natural Rubber Nanokomposite. Industrial Corp and Products 32 (2010) 627633.
Damat. 1989. Isolasi Lignin dari Larutan Sisa Pemasakan Pabrik Pulp dengan
Menggunakan H2SO4 dan HCl. Bogor: Institut Teknologi Bogor.
Darnoko. 1992. Potensi Pemanfaatan Limbah Lignoselulosa Kelapa Sawit
Melalui Biokonversi. Berita penelitian perkebunan Vol 2 (2). Medan:
Puslitbun (RISPA).
Didit, H.S. 2005. Petunjuk Lengkap Budidaya Karet. Jakarta : Agromedia
Dufresne, A. 2010. Processing of Polymer Nanocomposite Reinforced with
Polysaccharide Nanocrystals. Journal of Molecules. 15: 4111-4128.
Eichhorn, S.J., Dufresne, A., Aranguren, M., Marcovich, N.E., Capadona, J.R.,
Rowan, S.J. 2010. Review: Current International Research into Cellulose
Nanofibres and Nanocomposites. Journal of material science, 45,1-33.
Espert, A.,Vilaplana, F.,Karlsson, S. 2004. Comparison of Water Absorption in
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Natural Cellulosic Fibres from Wood and Year Crops Polypropylene
Composite and Influence on Their Mechanical Properties. Composite Part A :
Applied Science
and Manufacturing 35 (3). 1267-1276
Fauzi, Y. 2012. Kelapa Sawit. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.
Fachry, A.R. 2012. Pengaruh Penambahan Filler Kaolin Terhadap Elastisitas dan
Kekerasan Produk dari Karet Alam (Hevea Brasiliensis). Jurnal.
Palembang : Universitas Sriwijaya
Gilligan, J. J. 1974. The Organic Chemicals Industries. New Jersey: Pretice-Hall.
Goutara, B. D., dan Tjiptadi, W. 1985. Dasar Pengolahan Karet, Angroindustri.
Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor Press.
Habibi, Y, Lucia, L.A. and Rojas, O.J. 2010. Cellulose Nanocrystal: Chemistry,
Self Assembly and Application. Chemical Review, 110 (6), 3479-3500.
Haghighat, M, Zadhoush, A. 2005. Physicomechanical properties of alpha cellulose
filled styrene-butadiene rubber composite. Journal of applied polymer
science 96 (6) 2203-2211
Hanafi, S. 2000. Pengisi dan Penguat Getah. Penang : Universiti Sains Malaysia
Harahap, H. 2010. Pemanfaatan Tepung Kulit Pisang sebagai Pengisi pada
Produk Lateks Karet Alam dengan Teknik Pencelupan. Laporan
Penelitian. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Kelingensmith, W.H. 1982. The Effect of Processing Aids in Rubber Compounds,
An Educational Symposium on Rubber Compounding. Chicago : Civision
ACS.
Kerdsuwan, S dan Laohalidanond., K. 2011. Renewable Energy from Palm Oil Empty
Fruit Bunch. Thailand: King Mongkut’s University of Technology North
Bangkok.
Khalid, M. 2006. Comparative Study of Polypropylene Composites Reinforced
with Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber and Oil Palm Derived Cellulose.
Science Direct. Malaysia: Universiti Putra Malaysia. 29(2008) 173-178.
Lawson, D. 2001. Introduction to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry.
USA: ThemoNicolet.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Leblanc, J.L. 2002. Rubber Filler Interction and Rheological Properties in Filled
Compound. Prog. Polym. Sci, 27: 627-687
Long, H. 1985. Basic Compounding and Processing of Rubber. Ohio : University
of Akron
Maya Jacob, J., & Sabu, T. 2008. Biofibres and biocomposites. Carbohydrate
Polymers 71, 343–364.
Moon, R. J., Martini, A., Nairn, J., Simonsen, J., & Younblood, J. 2011.
Cellulose nanomaterials review: Structure properties and nanocomposites.
Chemical Society Reviews, 40, 3941–3994.
Morton, M. 1959. Introduction to Rubber Technology. New York : Reinhold
Publising Corp.
Muthia, R. 2011. Peningkatan Kualitas Bio-Oil dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa
Sawit Menggunakan Metoda Fast Pyrolisis dengan Katalis Zeolit. Jakarta:
Universitas Indonesia. Fakultas Teknik.
Neto, F. 2013. Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals
from Agro-Industrial Residu-Soy Hull. Ind.Crops Prod. 42, 480-488.
Nijasure, A.M 1997. Vulcanization of Rubber. India : ICI India R&T Centre.
Nola, C,. and Robert, W. 2001. Activated Liquid Dithiocarbamate Acceleration.
Ohio R.T. Vanderbilt Company Inc.
Nurhakim, Y.I. 2014. Perkebunan Karet Skala Kecil Cepat Panen. Depok : Intra
Pustaka
Ompungsungu, M.,dan Darussamin, A. 1989. Pengetahuan Umum Latex. BPP Sei
Putih.
Ohwoavworhua, F. 2005. Phosphoric Acid-Mediated Depolymerisation and
Decrystallizationof α-Cellulose Obtained from Corn Cop : Preparation of
Low Crytallinity Cellulose and Some Physicochemical Properties. Tropical
Journalof Pharmaceutical Research. 4 (2): 509-516.
Ong, E.L., Lai, P., C. L., dan Ng, K.P. 1998. Standard Malaysian Glove Scheme
Technical Requitments. Malaysia Rubber Seminar, MRBs Malaysian
Economic and Technical Mission (Rubber) b Tehe Hon Primary Industries of
Malaysia to France, Germany and UK, for (25 Sept- 2 Oct 1998-KL)
Peng. B, L., Dhar, N., Liu. H, L and Tam. K,C. 2011. Chemistry And Applications
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Of Nanocrystalline Cellulose and Its Derivatives : A Nanotechnology
Perspective. Canada : The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. Vol. 89.
1191-1206.
Sankaranarayanan, P.E. 2005. Measurement of Dry Rubber Content in Latex
Using Microwave Technique. , Measuerement Science Review, Vol. 5,
Section 3.
Setyamidjaja, D. 1995. Karet Budidaya dan Pengolahan. Cetakan Kedua.
Yogyakarta:Kanisius.
Shinoj, S. 2011. Oil Palm Fiber (OPF) and Its Composites: A review. Industrial
Crops and Products (33): 7-22.
Silverstein, R. M., Bassler, G. C., and Morill, T. C. 1981. Spectrofotometric
Identification of Organic Compounds. New York : John Willey and Sons.
Siqueira, G., Bras, J., Dufresne, A. 2010. Cellulosic Bionanocomposite: A Review of
Preparation, Properties and Applications. Journal of Polymer. Vol 2:
728-765.
Sperling, L.H.1986. Introduction To Physical Polymer Science. New York : John
Wiley and Sons.
Stagg, R. 2004. Latex Techmology. London : John Wiley and sons Inc.
Stevens, M. P. 2001. Kimia Polimer. Jakarta : Pradnya Paramita.
Sumada, K., Tamara, P., Alqani, F. 2011. Isolation Study of Efficient α-Cellulose
From Waste Plant Stem Manihot Esculente Crants. Jurnal Teknik Kimia
Vol. 5, No.2.
Suparto, D. 2002. Pengetahuan Tentang Lateks Hevea. Kursus Barang Jadi
Lateks. Bogor: Balai Penelitian Teknologi Karet.
Sumaiyah., Wirjosentono, B., Karsono., Nasution,M.P. and Gea, S. 2014.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from
Sugar Palm Bunch (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.). Medan: International
Journal of PharmTech Research. Vol.6, No. 2, pp 814-820.
Sun, J. X., Sun, F. X., Zhao, H., Sun, R.C. 2004. Isolation and Characterization
of Cellulose from Sugarcane Bagasse. China: Polymer Degradation and
Stability. 84, 331-339.
Termal, A, Schlaller, R. Moctil M and Kern W. 2005. Determination of Residual
Vulcanization Accelerations in Natural Rubber Film Using FTIR
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Spectroscopy. Journalof Rubber Chemistry and Technology. 78 (1) :28-41.
Vontou, B., and Stefanaki, E.C. 2008. Electron Microscopy: The Basics Physics of
Advanced Materials. Greece: Winter School.
William J.H. 2008. Pyrolysis of Latex Glove in The Presence of Y-Zeolite. Journal
of Waste Management 29 (4) : 797-803
Widhiastuti, R. 2001. Pola Pemanfaatan Limbah Pabrik Pengolahan Kelapa
Sawit dalam Upaya Menghindari Pencemaran Lingkungan. Universitas
Sumatera Utara: Medan.
Wirjosentono, B. 1995. Analisis dan Karakterisasi Polimer. Medan : USU Press.
Universitas Sumatera Utara