Review of Related Studies

6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Review of Related Studies

In Hario Rustomo and Y an Ardian’s thesis on “Blind Eye: The Analysis of Main Character of James B Stewart Novel by Using Psychological Perspective ”, they analyzed the psychological perspective of the main character that became murder because of “inharmonic family”. Michael Swango liked to read murder, death and criminal stories. Michael Swango did not get loves from his mother and father. Everyone made him angry, hurt his feeling and did not believe him anymore for anything. All mocked him about his hobbies that very like murder, crashed car death and criminal story became obsession. The psychological problems that the writer analyzes are: 1 what factors that shaped the main character, 2 what kinds of psychological symptoms that the main character has. When Michael J. Swango was a child there were many factors that shaped the character of Swango. Swango grew up in inharmonic family. His father always did the military roles and always gave punishment whenever he did some mistakes. Besides, he always saw his mother quarrel with his father almost every time when his father was at home. His mother very loves Swango but she could not express it with physical expression like kissing or hugging. The unusual hobbies appeared in Swango such as he liked to read the detectives, mystery and murders stories. His mother always bought them for Swango. When he grew up this hobbies about the death had become obsession Rustomo and Ardian, 2012:21. Michael Swango had narcissism and antisocial symptom. Narcissism appeared as he was crazy of compliment. It showed when Michael Swango with proudly told to his paramedics friends that he worked hard with minimum wage, it 7 meant that just only hope that all people gave a praise to him. Michael Swango felt angry when he heard someone comment about his body. The symptom of narcissism seen when someone criticizes him, he was angry and while some of the critiques he encounters may seem trivial. Michael Swango had anti-social personality. Michael Swango in many cases did not have responsibility on his job, his wife and did not care about the death of his patients. Michael Swango changed his hobby to become obsession of death. He was always interested in crash car, murder and the death. There are the differences and similarities between Hario Rustomo, Yan Ardian and the writer ’s analysis. There are two analyses of Hario Rustomo, Yan Ardian, and the writer. They analyzed the factor that shaped the main character in the first point while that analyzed will be discussed in the second point of the writer’s analyzed. The analysis about the factor is almost similar because they analyzed about the factor that shaped the main character while the writer analyzed about the factor that shape Michael Swango as psychopath, but the writer uses the different theory from the theory that they used. They use Yungson’s theory while the writer uses Freud’s theory about pleasure and the id, inhibition and the ego, and province of the mind. They find that the factor that shapes the main character is the harmonic family. The writer finds the factors that make Michael Swango as psychopath are the traumatic in the past that cannot be eliminated in hysteria major or dissociation, the trauma with his childhood experience in obsessive- compulsive neurotic and he fails in the face of the competition in neurasthenia. They analyzed about the kinds of psychological symptoms that the main character 8 has in the second point while the write analyzed about the characteristic of psychopath in the first point. It is also different because they use Daviddoff’s theory about kinds of psychological symptoms while the writer uses Meloy’s theory about the character of psychopath. They find narcissism and antisocial personality while the writer finds antisocial, egoistic, irritable, dominant, hypocritical, and cruel in the personalities of Michael Swango as psychopath. The writer wants to complement or added more information about what have been analyzed by Hario Rustomo and Yan Ardian. In Stella Marissa Yuda Wahu Lemek’s thesis on “The Significant Role of Life and Death Instinct in Molding Henry Fleming’s Personality as Seen through His Action in Crane’s The Red Badge of Courage”, she analyzed Henry Fleming’s utterance. He was the major character in the novel. The discussion in her thesis based on the objectives of the study which describe the characterization of Henry Fleming, describe the forms of Fleming’s instinct based on Freud’s Psychoanalysis theory and find out the significant role of Fleming’s instinct toward Fleming’s personality. There is the similarity between the analysis of Lemek and the writer. She uses Freud’s Psychoanalysis theory to describe the characterization and finds out the significant role of the major character’s instinct toward his personality. F reud’s Psychoanalysis theory belongs to psychoanalysis criticism. The writer also uses Freud’s Psychoanalysis theory to find province of the mind in major character in Blind Eye through his personality. The writer analyzes the factor that 9 makes the characteristic of the main character through pleasure and the id: inhibition and the ego in the theory of personality by Freud.

B. Review of Related Theories 1. Theory of Character and Characterization