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e Use of Direct Method i I provi g Stude ts’ Speaki g Skill Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
1. Students’ responses toward the use of direct method in
classroom. 2. Stu
dents’ responses toward direct method can give motivation in speaking.
3. Students’ responses toward direct method as a facility.
3.7 Data Analysis
The data analysis is conducted after collecting pre-test, post-test, and questionnaire. In order to analyze the effectiveness of the use of direct method in
improving low achiever students’ speaking skill, Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS 16 are used in this study.
3.7.1 Scoring Technique
After the pre-test and post-test have been administrated to control and experimental group, the scoring rubric was used in this study in order
to analyze the data of pre-test and post-test. The scoring rubric was used because it was one of forms in spoken test document. The criteria of
scoring rubric were taken from O’Malley 1996. The aim of using the
scoring rubric was to measure the result of pre-test and post-test.
Imelda Wahyuni Husein, 2014 The Effectiveness of th
e Use of Direct Method i I provi g Stude ts’ Speaki g Skill Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Table 3.2 Scoring Rubric
Imelda Wahyuni Husein, 2014 The Effectiveness of th
e Use of Direct Method i I provi g Stude ts’ Speaki g Skill Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.7.2 Data Analysis on Pre-test
The pre-test was given to both of the groups in the same procedures. The pre-test was done in the beginning of the study. The result
of the pre- test was aimed to investigate the students’ initial ability in
speaking and was analyzed by the independent t-test. A hypothesis used
Imelda Wahyuni Husein, 2014 The Effectiveness of th
e Use of Direct Method i I provi g Stude ts’ Speaki g Skill Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
the alpha level at 0.05. According to Hatch and Farhady 1982 there are three assumptions which underlie the t-test as follows:
1 The subject was given to one group in experiment; 2 T
he variances’ scores were equal and normally distributed; 3 The scores on the independent variable were continuous.
Based on the statement above, it can be concluded that the normal distribution test and homogeneity of variance test were calculated before
the t-test by comparing the level of significance.
3.7.2.1 Normality of Distribution
The aim of testing the normality of the distribution is to find out whether the sample is normally distributed or not. In this
research, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Sample Test in SPSS version 16.0 was used to analyze the normal of distribution.
3.7.2.2 Homogeneity of variance
After conducting normality of distribution and the result was found, the researcher also need to test the homogeneity of the
variance in order to get to know if there is any difference between the control and experimental group because after this test, Levene
test formula in SPSS was used to analyze the homogeneity of variance. Then, the independent t-test applied in order to discover
the null hypothesis H .
Imelda Wahyuni Husein, 2014 The Effectiveness of th
e Use of Direct Method i I provi g Stude ts’ Speaki g Skill Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.7.2.3 The independent T-test
According to Kranzler 1999, t-test is used to determine whether the means of two groups are different to significant degree.
The independent T-test is calculated by SPSS program. The result of this test was analyzed by comparing the significance value with
the level of significance to the null hypothesis. If the degree of probability p 0,05, the null hypothesis is accepted. If the null
hypothesis is rejected, then the hypothesis moves to find out which group is better.
3.7.3 Data Analysis on Post-test
After the treatments are given to experimental group, the post-test was conducted to both of the group in order to find out whether there is
significant difference between students after the treatment was conducted to the experimental group. In analyzing the date of post-test, The
procedures were also similar to the procedures of analyzing data of pre- test and also the independent t-test was conducted in analyzing the post-
test result of experimental and control groups. In order to investigate whether there is significant difference
between the two groups, a paired t-test was used in this study. In analyzing paired t-
test, the researcher compared the scores of experimental group’s pre-test and post-test.
3.7.4. Effect Size
In order to check the level of the treatment effect, an effect size was conducted in this study. This test was administrated after the t-test
was calculated. By using t obtained from the independent t-test of post- test, the effect size was calculated. The effect size was used to determine
Imelda Wahyuni Husein, 2014 The Effectiveness of th
e Use of Direct Method i I provi g Stude ts’ Speaki g Skill Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
the effect of the treatment which was given to experimental group. The formula used manually based on the formula from Coolidge 2000 as
follows:
Where: r = effect size
t = or
from the calculation of independent t-test post-test score df = degree of freedom
In order to interpret the result, the scale from Coolidge 2000 was addapted as follows:
Table 3.3 The Effect Size Scale
Effect size r value
Small .100
Medium .243
Large .371
3.7.5. Data Analysis on Questionnaire
