2. What are the means of that symbols that represented in the live concert video of Black Metal Band Gorgoroth, in Black Mass
event at Krakow, Poland 2004?
C. Objective of The Study
To interpret the Satanic and Anti-Christianity symbols in the live concert video of Black Metal Band Gorgoroth, in Black Mass event at
Krakow, Poland 2004, by using Semiotics
D. Significance of The Study
1. This study is supposed to provide new point of view or understanding, especially on communication science field for symbolic studies in media.
2. This study is supposed to be a complementary source for other researchers or community that provides information in interpreting the Satanic and
Anti-Christianity symbols in wider context.
E. Literature Review 1. Literature Review
a. Communication
The word communication derives from Latin, communist, which means similar. In this case, similar refers to the similarity in
meanings. Communication requires similarity between both parties. Not only communication is informative, but it is also persuasive.
Communication is a process of exchanging ideas between a
communicator and a recipient. The ideas include information, ideas, or opinions of the communicator Effendy, 1995: 9.
The term communication can simply be elaborated as the process of exchanging messages between a communicator and a
recipient. Scholars have been trying to propose the definition of communication, that is, by dividing communication into three
concepts: 1 First dimension – Viewed from Its Conciseness
Communication is illustrated as a process that bridges the missing links. In other words, communication can also be
defined as a system to send information or order to the recipient.
2 Second dimension – Objective The process of exchanging information is based upon
an objective. One of the objectives is to influence the recipients behavior.
3 Third dimension – Normative Assessment Several definitions about communication may include
the success, preciseness, and effectiveness of the message. Communication also includes conveying an individuals ideas
Dance in Littlejohn, 2009: 4. Those statements above suggest that communication is
persuasive. As stated previously, communication involves the
transmission of ideas, emotions, and mastery of using symbols, words, figures, or charts Berelson Steiner in Deddy Mulyana, 2005: 62.
Scholars in information studies have observed the difference of the communication patterns between the East and West. Theories tend
to observe the gimmicks instead of the basic integration. The Western view values logic, thus in contrary with the Eastern view. Eastern
tradition focuses on integration and harmony. In Eastern culture, verbal symbols, especially speech utterance, tend to be neglected and given
skeptical view Littlejohn, 2009: 7.
b. Semiotic Approach in Communication Studies 1 Communication Semiotic
