Introduction UTeM`s Amphibious Hybrid Vehicle: Development of Hybrid Electric Propulsion System.

ISSN 1970 - 8734 July 2013 Manuscript received and revised June 2013, accepted July 2013 Copyright © 2013 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved 790 UTeM`s Amphibious Hybrid Vehicle: Development of Hybrid Electric Propulsion System Muhammad Zahir Hassan, Amjad Saddar Md Isa, Syahibudil Ikhwan Abdul Kudus, Muhammad Zaidan Abdul Manaf Abstract – This paper presents the preliminary development of hybrid electric propulsion system for amphibious hybrid vehicle AHV. AHV is developed as a transportation vehicle that can operate both on land and water to be used by the rescue team in rescue operations. AHV is driven by motor electric on the land, while on the water, AHV is propelled by the internal combustion engine ICE. At the same time, ICE is used as generator to generate the electricity to recharge the battery pack. The main factors that need to be considered in order to develop a hybrid electric propulsion system is the power required by batteries to transmit to the motor electric to move the vehicle. An optimum hybrid electric propulsion system should have minimum fuel consumption, simple to develop and high reliability. Matlab Simulink Analysis based on the mathematical modelling is conducted to determine the power required before the fabrication take place. The design of hybrid electric propulsion is then fabricated by combination of ICE and electric motor. Finally experimental analysis is conducted to determine its reliability and durability. Copyright © 2013 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved. Keywords: Hybrid Electric Propulsion System, Amphibious Hybrid Vehicle Nomenclature Aerodynamic resistance force Rolling resistance force Rolling resistance force Acceleration force Tractive force Air density Coefficient of drag depends on body design Frontal area of vehicle Velocity Total mass A cceleration of gravity Angle of slope Power required

I. Introduction

Hybrid vehicle means combination of two or more power source to increase the overall efficiency [1]-[16]. The types of hybrid can be classified based on driveline configuration. There are three common types of hybrid design configuration which are series, parallel, and series-parallel. Although further improvements on vehicle fuel economy since the last 40 years have been conducted, the average efficiency in the use of gasoline ICE normal operation is only at 15. While other 85 is lost to the environment as engine heat, exhaust gas heat, aerodynamic drag, rolling resistance of the tires, losses at the driveline and during braking [2]. Addition of an electric motor and electric energy storage from ICE can increase diversity of efficiency significantly, depends on the system design. Common features of most hybrids that improve fuel economy are: i Idle stop The average vehicle idle time is around 20 of the total driving operation. During this time, turning off the engine can reduce the fuel consumption by 5 to 8 [2]. While during others time, fuel can be saved by turning off the engine when the vehicle is under deceleration, thus emissions is not released. The idle stop is possible because restarting the engine happen at very low engine speed. The mix of air-fuel is combust at crank speed of 400 rpm. [1]. ii Regenerative braking During deceleration or braking driving phase, the system will absorb the braking energy and store it in an energy storage device such battery or other components for future use, and it is also helps in charging the battery [3]. iii Power-assist The electric motor gives additional power to the ICE when the vehicle is accelerated. Assistance from the power-assist module can reduce the size of the engine and improve the fuel efficiency without reducing the overall performance of the vehicle. Application of power-assist in Toyota Prius shows that the performance of 1800cc ICE is comparable to 2400cc performance with power-assist. [4] Copyright © 2013 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved International Review of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 7, N. 5 791 iv Engine efficiency The ICE efficiency is low during low speed and low load operation. Therefore, to increase the system efficiency at this condition, the electric motor can be used as alternative power supply. Hence, the fuel consumption and emission is can be set to zero at this particular time.

II. Development Process