v
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstract i
Abstrak ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Content v
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix
List Abbreviations, Symbols, and Nomenclatures xiii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1 1.2
Problem Statement 2
1.3 Objectives
3 1.4
Scope 3 1.5
Composite 4
1.5.1 Ceramic Matrix Composite CMC 5
1.5.2 Metal Matrix Composite MMC 6
1.5.3 Types of Reinforcement 7
1.5.3.1 Particulate Type Reinforcement 8
1.5.3.2 Fibre Type Reinforcement 9 1.5.4 Functions of the Matrix
14 1.5.5 Thermoplastic
15 1.5.5.1 Polypropylene
16
vi
CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
18 2.2
Polymer Matrix Composite 19
2.3 Ceramic Matrix Composite
26 2.4
Stone Wool 26
2.5 Summary
26
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
28 3.2
Preliminary Investigation 31
3.2.1 Material Selection 31
3.2.1.1 Matrix 31
3.2.1.2 Fiber 32
3.2.2 Experimental Matrix 33
3.3 Filler Preparation
37 3.4
Mixing 40
3.5 Specimen Preparation
45 3.6
Testing 47
3.6.1 Tensile Test 47
3.6.2 Flexural Test 48
3.6.3 Hardness Test 50
3.6.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM 52
3.7 Results and Discussion
53 3.8
Conclusion 53
CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
54 4.2
Characterization of Fiber 55
4.3 Characterization of Composite
56 4.3.1 Tensile Test
56 4.3.1.1 Yield Strength
62 4.3.1.2 Tensile Modulus
64 4.3.1.3 Tensile Strength
66
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4.3.1.4 Ductility 68
4.3.1.5 Morphology Study of Tensile Fracture Surface 70
a 10wt Stone Wool Reinforced PP
70 b
40wt Stone Wool Reinforced PP 72
4.3.1.6 Summary of Finding in Tensile Properties 74
4.3.2 Flexural Test 77
4.3.2.1 Flexural Strength 83
4.3.2.2 Flexural Strain 85
4.3.2.3 Flexural Modulus 87
4.3.2.4 Morphology Study of Flexural Fracture Surface 88
a 10wt Stone Wool Reinforced PP
89 b
40wt Stone Wool Reinforced PP 90
4.3.2.5 Summary of Finding in Flexural Properties 92
4.3.3 Shore Hardness Test 94
4.3.3.1 Summary of Finding in Hardness Properties 96
4.4 Proposed Product for Stone Wool Reinforced PP Composite
97
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
