previous scores of writing test from the English teacher that the researcher collaborated with in this research. Those documents were used as the basis to do the
classroom action research it the class.
3.5 Operational Definition of the Key Terms
According to Creswell 2012:151 an operational definition is
“the specification of how you will define and measure the variable in your study
”. The operational definitions are required to circumvent the ambiguity and misinterpretation
in this research. It is pivotal to make the researcher and the readers have the same conception related to the concepts used in this research. The terms that need defining
are:
3.5.1 Narrative Writing Narrative writing in this research was referred to the narrative model proposed
by O’Malley and Pierce 1996:137. It was any kinds of paragraph writing involved in Narrative, such as observation of people, objects, and places and includes creative
speculations and interpretations, an autobiographical incident or a reflection in which a writer describes in her or his own life.
3.5.2 Virtual Class Virtual class in this research was referred to the internet class carried out on
the Facebook closed group named Virtual Writing Class.
3.5.3 Students’ Narrative Writing Achievement Students’ Narrative writing achievement in this research referred to the
students’ ability in composing a Narrative writing in correct and proper way by
considering some aspects of writing i.e. composing, style, sentence formation, usage, and mechanics. This achievement was measured by using a Narrative writing test
conducted at the face to face class. 3.5.4 Students’ Active Participation
Students’ active participation in this research was referred to the students’ activeness and motivation in joining the class i.e. face to face class and virtual class.
This covered their willingness in asking and answering questions, paying attention to the teacher’s explanation, doing the writing task at the virtual class, etc. The students
were regarded as active students if they at least fulfill 3 indicators stated in the observation checklist.
3.6 Research Procedure
