Conceptual of Framework THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

A. Place and Time of Study

The research was held at SMA N 4 Depok. It located at Jeruk Raya Street Number 1 Sukatani Permai Village, Tapos, Depok. The writer conducted the research about one month. The research was held in October to November 2013 at the first semester of the year of study 20132014. The timeline of this study was: Table 3.1 The Timeline of Research No Date Time Activity 1. November 22 nd 2012 10.00 – 12.00 The observation at the first grade of SMA N 4 Depok 2. October 28 th 2013 09.00 – 11.00 Asking permission to the headmaster of SMA N 4 Depok 3. November 7 th 2013 10.00 – 11.30 Conducting some questionnaire and pre-test at X IPA 1 4. November 8 th 2013 10.00 – 11.30 Conducting some questionnaire and pre-test at X IPA 2 5. November 11 th , 2103 07.00 – 08.30 1 st meeting at X IPA 2 6. November 13 th , 2013 08.30 – 10.00 1 st meeting at X IPA 1 7. November 14 th , 2013 08.30 – 10.00 2 nd meeting at X IPA 2 8. November 15 th , 2013 07.00 – 08.30 2 nd meeting at X IPA 1 9. November 18 th , 2013 07.00 – 08.30 3 rd meeting at X IPA 2 10. November 20 th , 2013 08.30 – 10.00 3 rd meeting at X IPA 1 11. November 21 st , 2013 08.30 – 10.00 4 th meeting X IPA 2 12. November 22 nd , 2013 07.00 – 08.30 4 th meeting X IPA 1 13. November 28 th , 2013 08.30 – 10.00 Conducting some questionnaire and post-test at X IPA 2 14. November 29 th , 2013 07.00 – 08.30 Conducting some questionnaire and post-test at X IPA 1

B. Method and Design of Study

The method of this research was quantitative method. The design of this study was quasi – experimental design. The writer used the quasi – experimental design of this study to see the effectiveness of English teens magazine towards students’ reading interest. According to McMillan about the purpose of quasi experimental design that, “The purpose of the method is to determine cause and effect between independent and dependent variable. ” 1 In this research, English teens magazine is the independent variable which may cause or influence students’ reading interest as the dependent variable. The researcher used two group designs. It was pre-test and post-test and used two classes, control and treatment class, to see the effectiveness of using English teens magazine by looking questionnaire and reading test measurement and comparing the gained scores between both classes. The effectiveness can be seen from the students’ score of experiment classs in post-test questionnaire and reading test after they had been given some treatments and from the comparation of both classes. The experiment class was given the English teens magazine as the reading media or material in the classroom and the controlled class without using English teens magazine as the reading media or material.

C. Population and Sample of Study

According to Jack R. Fraenkel, Norman E. Wallen, “Sample in a research study refers to any group on which information is obtained and the larger group to which one hopes to apply the results is called the population.” 2 The population of this study is first grade of SMAN 4 Depok. It consists of eleven classes and each class consists of 40 students. The researcher used the purposeful sampling to take the sample. McMillan stated that, “Purposeful sampling refers the selecting 1 James H. McMillan, Sally Schumacher, Research in Education Evidence-Based Inquiry 6 th Edition, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2006, p. 24 2 Jack R. Fraenkel, Norman E. Wallen, How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education 5 th Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003, p. 96 particular elements from the population that will be representative or informative about the topic of interest. ” 3 The researcher took the average level in their reading skill to all population as the sample. The researcher has done the pre-test in all classes of first grade. The sample was taken from the score of pre-test which had average level in score of their pre-test. The classes which the researcher took were X IPA 1 and X IPA 2. Each classes consists of 40 students. Thus, the sample consisted of 80 students. The X IPA 1 as a treatment class and the X IPA 2 as a controlled class.

D. The Technique of Data Collecting

1. Questionnaire The writer used the questionnaire to measure the students’ reading interest. The questionnaire consisted of twenty-five numbers. The indicators of questionnaire are two factors that influenced reading interest; they are cognitive and affective aspect. The cognitive aspect included of reading concept and the affective aspect included of teacher and reading material. The writer used a likert scale to determine the questionnaire scale. According Wiersma, “A Likert scale contains a number of points on a scale; the points have designations such as ’strongly agree’ to ’strongly disagree’.” 4 The writer distinguished questionnaire into two parts, the positive and negative question. The answer of questionnaires was divided into four points; strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree. Each point had different score. For positive question, strongly agree got score 4, agree got 3, disagree got 2, and strongly disagree got score 1. Otherwise, for the negative question, strongly agree got score 1, agree got 2, disagree got 3, and strongly disagree got score 4. The questionnaires were given twice. First, in the pre-test time and second in the post-test time.. Pre-test was administered before the treatments or before the teacher used the English teens magazine as one of alternative reading materials 3 James H. McMillan, Sally Schumacher, Research in Education Evidence-Based Inquiry 6 th Edition, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2006, p. 126 4 William Wiersma, Stephen G. Jurs, Research Methods in Education, Boston: Pearson International Edition, 2009, p. 363