INTRODUCTION Errors In Spoken Production Made By Students Of MAN 1 Boarding School Surakarta.
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
English is an international language which used by people in this world
to interact in the worldwide. Studying English is very important. In this modern
era people should know about the use of English in communication. In
Indonesia, English becomes the foreign language. There are four skills in
studying English; those are speaking, listening, writing, and reading. Ur (1996)
stated that being able in mastering English, speaking is the most important skills.
According to UURI (2003) about Indonesian Education System, the
national education level is divided into three stages, the stages are: basic
education, secondary education, and higher education. Basic education is the
foundation for secondary education consisting of Elementary School and Junior
High School. Secondary education is the continuation of basic education
consisting of Senior High School. Higher education is a level of education after
secondary education consisting of Diploma, Bachelor, Masters, and Postgraduate
programs.
MAN 1 Surakarta is one of Senior High School in Surakarta. There are
three programs belongs to that school, those programs are science, social, and
religious. Different from other schools, MAN 1 Surakarta provides Boarding
School particularly for science and religious program. The headmaster of MAN
1 Surakarta said that the reason why students in science and religious programs
must stay in Boarding School is that because MAN 1 Surakarta wants to create
better students who have a good moral and attitude in their behaviors. There are
many activities got by Boarding School students. All the activities are intended
to improve a good attitude and also improve the students’ ability. One of the
activities is speech event. Speech event is a weekly event, the event was
conducted at Boarding School of MAN 1 Surakarta. Specifically it concerns in
using speech three languages those are Javanese, Arabic, and English. In a week
students in Boarding School always do this program which is guided by the
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2
supervisor in Boarding School. This program is done by dividing students into
several groups in the different class. Every class consists of twenty students. The
goals of speech event are to increase the students’ ability and to develop
students’ confidence.
Clark and Clark (1977:224), in producing speech, people need to do
planning and execution. The first stage before speech is planning. Planning is
thinking to say anything to the listeners. After planning, the people tend to do
execution. Execution is the process of uttering the segments, words, phrases,
or sentences. When people do the execution process, it cannot always be
uttered perfectly, because people tend to do errors. The errors happened
because of some difficulties and problems the speakers’ got. There are some
errors which are done by students at Boarding School MAN 1 Surakarta in
delivering speech. It makes students influent in delivering speech. There are
two reasons caused students do errors. The first reason is cognitive reasons, it
includes the students’ lack of vocabularies and grammatical knowledge. The
second reason is psychological reasons, it includes the students’ feeling when
they deliver their speech in front of the audience. Researcher provides some
examples of errors which are done by students in delivering speech.
The examples are:
1. Em, [0.2] here I want to speak about how to prepare examination.
2. You must / you must clean what you want to clean.
3. First you must h-h- happy.
The first example is filled pause. The speaker is silent at the moment.
The pause is filled by a gap “em”.
The second example is repeats. The speaker repeats twice the words “you
must / you must”.
The third example is stutters. The speaker wants to say the word
“happy”. But the problem is she repeats the syllable “h”.
Based on the phenomena above, the researcher is interested in conducting
study entitled “ERRORS IN SPOKEN PRODUCTION MADE BY STUDENTS
OF MAN 1 BOARDING SCHOOL SURAKARTA.”
3
B. Scope of the Study
Researcher limits this research on speech error made by students at
Boarding School MAN 1 Surakarta in delivering speech. The location of this
research is in Boarding School MAN 1 Surakarta. The researcher finds out the
data through the video during the speech event. Researcher focuses on the types
of speech errors, the frequency of error, the dominant type of error, and the
sources of error. The theories of Clark and Clark (1997), Dulay et al (1982) are
used to analyse the types of errors.
C. Problem Statements
1. What are the types of errors made by students in doing speech?
2. What is the frequency of errors made by students in doing speech?
3. What is the dominant type of error made by students in doing speech?
4. What are the sources of errors made by students in doing speech?
D. Objectives of Study
Based on the formulation of the problems above, objectives of this
research are:
1.
to investigate the types of errors made by students in doing speech at MAN
1 Boarding School Surakarta.
2.
to describe the frequency of errors made by students in doing speech at
MAN 1 Boarding School Surakarta.
3.
to investigate the dominant type of error in doing speech made by dormitory
students at MAN 1 Boarding School Surakarta.
4.
to explain the sources of errors in speech that usually done by students in
doing speech at MAN 1 Boarding School Surakarta.
4
E. Significance of the Study
The result of the study is expected to be used theoretically and
practically.
1. Theoretical benefit
a.
Students
This research will be the reference for the students in knowing errors
in spoken production, so it may increase the information for the students
about that case.
b.
Teachers
This research may help teachers to identify the type of errors, the
dominant errors, the frequency of errors, and the sources of errors made
by students. Therefore, teachers will have more idea to know about how
to decrease errors made by students.
2. Practical Benefit
a.
Other researchers
The result of this study is giving information or references for the
next researcher who wants to study or do the research especially about
errors in speech production.
F. Research Paper Organization
In order to make easier to be understood, the researcher organizes the
research paper organization into five chapters.
Chapter I is introduction; the content of this chapter includes the
background of study, the scope of the study, the problem statement, the objective
of the study, the significance of the study, and the research paper organization.
Chapter II is dealing with review of related literature. It discusses
underlying theory which covers previous study before and theoretical review
that consists of methods used.
Chapter III is research method. It deals with research method covering the
type of the research, the subject of the study, the object of the study, the data
5
sources, the method of collecting data, the techniques of analyzing data, and the
data validity.
Chapter IV is finding and discussion about the types of errors, the
frequency of errors, the dominant types of errors, and the sources of errors.
Chapter V is the last chapter, it contains conclusion, suggestion, and
pedagogical implication.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
English is an international language which used by people in this world
to interact in the worldwide. Studying English is very important. In this modern
era people should know about the use of English in communication. In
Indonesia, English becomes the foreign language. There are four skills in
studying English; those are speaking, listening, writing, and reading. Ur (1996)
stated that being able in mastering English, speaking is the most important skills.
According to UURI (2003) about Indonesian Education System, the
national education level is divided into three stages, the stages are: basic
education, secondary education, and higher education. Basic education is the
foundation for secondary education consisting of Elementary School and Junior
High School. Secondary education is the continuation of basic education
consisting of Senior High School. Higher education is a level of education after
secondary education consisting of Diploma, Bachelor, Masters, and Postgraduate
programs.
MAN 1 Surakarta is one of Senior High School in Surakarta. There are
three programs belongs to that school, those programs are science, social, and
religious. Different from other schools, MAN 1 Surakarta provides Boarding
School particularly for science and religious program. The headmaster of MAN
1 Surakarta said that the reason why students in science and religious programs
must stay in Boarding School is that because MAN 1 Surakarta wants to create
better students who have a good moral and attitude in their behaviors. There are
many activities got by Boarding School students. All the activities are intended
to improve a good attitude and also improve the students’ ability. One of the
activities is speech event. Speech event is a weekly event, the event was
conducted at Boarding School of MAN 1 Surakarta. Specifically it concerns in
using speech three languages those are Javanese, Arabic, and English. In a week
students in Boarding School always do this program which is guided by the
1
2
supervisor in Boarding School. This program is done by dividing students into
several groups in the different class. Every class consists of twenty students. The
goals of speech event are to increase the students’ ability and to develop
students’ confidence.
Clark and Clark (1977:224), in producing speech, people need to do
planning and execution. The first stage before speech is planning. Planning is
thinking to say anything to the listeners. After planning, the people tend to do
execution. Execution is the process of uttering the segments, words, phrases,
or sentences. When people do the execution process, it cannot always be
uttered perfectly, because people tend to do errors. The errors happened
because of some difficulties and problems the speakers’ got. There are some
errors which are done by students at Boarding School MAN 1 Surakarta in
delivering speech. It makes students influent in delivering speech. There are
two reasons caused students do errors. The first reason is cognitive reasons, it
includes the students’ lack of vocabularies and grammatical knowledge. The
second reason is psychological reasons, it includes the students’ feeling when
they deliver their speech in front of the audience. Researcher provides some
examples of errors which are done by students in delivering speech.
The examples are:
1. Em, [0.2] here I want to speak about how to prepare examination.
2. You must / you must clean what you want to clean.
3. First you must h-h- happy.
The first example is filled pause. The speaker is silent at the moment.
The pause is filled by a gap “em”.
The second example is repeats. The speaker repeats twice the words “you
must / you must”.
The third example is stutters. The speaker wants to say the word
“happy”. But the problem is she repeats the syllable “h”.
Based on the phenomena above, the researcher is interested in conducting
study entitled “ERRORS IN SPOKEN PRODUCTION MADE BY STUDENTS
OF MAN 1 BOARDING SCHOOL SURAKARTA.”
3
B. Scope of the Study
Researcher limits this research on speech error made by students at
Boarding School MAN 1 Surakarta in delivering speech. The location of this
research is in Boarding School MAN 1 Surakarta. The researcher finds out the
data through the video during the speech event. Researcher focuses on the types
of speech errors, the frequency of error, the dominant type of error, and the
sources of error. The theories of Clark and Clark (1997), Dulay et al (1982) are
used to analyse the types of errors.
C. Problem Statements
1. What are the types of errors made by students in doing speech?
2. What is the frequency of errors made by students in doing speech?
3. What is the dominant type of error made by students in doing speech?
4. What are the sources of errors made by students in doing speech?
D. Objectives of Study
Based on the formulation of the problems above, objectives of this
research are:
1.
to investigate the types of errors made by students in doing speech at MAN
1 Boarding School Surakarta.
2.
to describe the frequency of errors made by students in doing speech at
MAN 1 Boarding School Surakarta.
3.
to investigate the dominant type of error in doing speech made by dormitory
students at MAN 1 Boarding School Surakarta.
4.
to explain the sources of errors in speech that usually done by students in
doing speech at MAN 1 Boarding School Surakarta.
4
E. Significance of the Study
The result of the study is expected to be used theoretically and
practically.
1. Theoretical benefit
a.
Students
This research will be the reference for the students in knowing errors
in spoken production, so it may increase the information for the students
about that case.
b.
Teachers
This research may help teachers to identify the type of errors, the
dominant errors, the frequency of errors, and the sources of errors made
by students. Therefore, teachers will have more idea to know about how
to decrease errors made by students.
2. Practical Benefit
a.
Other researchers
The result of this study is giving information or references for the
next researcher who wants to study or do the research especially about
errors in speech production.
F. Research Paper Organization
In order to make easier to be understood, the researcher organizes the
research paper organization into five chapters.
Chapter I is introduction; the content of this chapter includes the
background of study, the scope of the study, the problem statement, the objective
of the study, the significance of the study, and the research paper organization.
Chapter II is dealing with review of related literature. It discusses
underlying theory which covers previous study before and theoretical review
that consists of methods used.
Chapter III is research method. It deals with research method covering the
type of the research, the subject of the study, the object of the study, the data
5
sources, the method of collecting data, the techniques of analyzing data, and the
data validity.
Chapter IV is finding and discussion about the types of errors, the
frequency of errors, the dominant types of errors, and the sources of errors.
Chapter V is the last chapter, it contains conclusion, suggestion, and
pedagogical implication.