Class a. a. 39. a. a.

81. A substantial positive skew assuming unimodality

83. a.

All points fall on a 45° line. Points fall below a 45° line. b. Points fall well below a 45° line, indicating a substantial positive skew. Chapter 2

1. a.

{1324, 3124, 1342, 3142, 1423, 1432, 4123, 4132, 2314, 2341, 3214, 3241, 2413, 2431, 4213, 4231}

b. c.

d. {1324, 1342, 1423, 1432, 2314, 2341, 3214, 3241, 2413, 2431, 4213, 4231}, contains no outcomes A and B are disjoint, {3124, 3142, 4123, 4132, 2314, 2341, 3214, 3241, 2413, 2431, 4213, 4231}

3. a. b.

c. d.

,

5. a.

{1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3} b. {1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3} c. {1, 2, 3, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1} d. {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3}

7. a.

There are 35 outcomes in . b. {AABABAB, AABAABB, AAABBAB, AAABABB, AAAABBB }

11. a.

.07 b. .30 c. .57

13. a.

.36 b. .64 c. .53 d. .47 e. .17 f. .75

15. a.

.572 b. .879

17. a.

There are statistical software packages other than SPSS and SAS. b. .70 c. .80 d. .20

19. a.

.8841 b. .0435

21. a.

.10 b. .18, .19 c. .41 d. .59 e. .31 f. .69 S S 5 B ¨ C 5 5SSF, SFS, SSS6 5 C, B ´ C 5 5SSF, SFS, FSS, SSS6 5 B, A ¨ C 5 5SSF, SFS6, A ´ C 5 5SSF, SFS, FSS, SSS6, C r 5 5FFF, FSF, FFS, FSS, SFF6 C 5 5SFS, SSF, SSS6 B 5 5SSF, SFS, FSS, SSS6 A 5 5SSF, SFS, FSS6 A r 5 A ¨ B A ´ B 5 B 5 52314, 2341, 3214, 3241, 2413, 2431, 4213, 42316 A 5 51324, 1342, 1423, 14326 S 5

23. a.

.067 b. .400 c. .933 d. .533

25. a.

.85 b. .15 c. .22 d. .35

27. a.

.1 b. .7 c. .6

29. a.

676; 1296 b. 17,576; 46,656 c. 456,976; 1,679,616 d. .942

31. a.

243 b. 3645 days roughly 10 yr

33. a.

1,816,214,400

b. 659,067,881,572,000 c. 9,072,000

35. a.

38,760, .0048 b. .0054 c. .9946 d. .2885

37. a.

60 b. 10 c. .0456

39. a.

.0839 b. .24975

41. a.

10,000 b. .9876 c. .0333 d. .0337 43. .000394, .00394, .00001539

45. a.